Pentair NF tech

1. X-Flow
HFS 60 SILICA
MEMBRANE MODULE, INSTALLATION & PERFORMANCE
JUNE 2012

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HFS 60 SILICA
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INTRODUCTION
EVALUATION MEMBRANE
• Comparison against Aquaflex 55
• Comparison against Koch Targa PM10
• Performance testing
DESIGN
• Module construction
• Process design
• Skid construction
REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION
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• Silica fouling in power plants
• Deposited as glassy and hard scales on the turbine blades.
- The silica scale will change the blade geometry, thus lowering the energy
efficiency.
- Blades can become unbalanced, which can cause turbine failure.
• Specification for power plants: <<< 1 ppm (≈ 20 ppb)
• Turbine blade fouling

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Silica removal in boiler feed systems
Downstream of ion exchange (IX) or upstream of reverse osmosis (RO)
SILICA IS AVAILABLE IN THREE FORMS
1. Particulate (sand particles)
2. Colloidal or polymerized (silicone dioxide)
3. Reactive (ionized)
• Pretreatment removes particulate silica.
• IX and RO remove reactive silica.
• IX does not remove colloidal silica.
• RO fouls by colloidal silica.
INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
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COLLOIDAL OR POLYMERIZED (SILICONE DIOXIDE)
• Complexes with organics
• Agglomerates with deposited silica
REACTIVE SILICA
• Forms colloidal silica
SILICA FOULING ON RO MEMBRANES
• High ph cleaning
RO membranes sensitive to caustic
• If combined with inorganic fouling
calcium carbonate requires acid

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INTRODUCTION
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ULTRAFILTRATION TO PRETREAT REVERSE OSMOSIS
• Colloidal silica
• Microbiology
• Suspended solids (silt)
XIGA & AQUAFLEX
• 150,000 Dalton cut off
• 0.02 micron pore size

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INTRODUCTION
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UFC – Xiga / Aquaflex
HFS

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MEMBRANE
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• Thin layer of SPES coated on PES backbone, MWCO accurately tunable

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MEMBRANE
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HFS 60 SILICA VERSUS AQUAFLEX 55
• PES backbone more dense to resist higher pressures involved
HFS 60 Silica Aquaflex 55

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MEMBRANE
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HFS 60 SILICA VERSUS KOCH TARGA PM10
• Sponge structure versus finger shaped structure
• Better mechanical properties
HFS 60 Silica Koch Targa PM10

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HFS 60 SILICA VERSUS KOCH TARGA PM10
• Larger fiber diameter
• More robust, tolerant to high TSS and turbidity
• Suitable for pretreatment
MEMBRANE
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Permeability (l/m2barh) Aquaflex 55 HFS 60 Silica Koch Targa PM10
Module Length (mm) 1537 1537 1830
Module Diameter (mm) 220 220 230
Specified Area (m2) 55 60 68.9
Actual Area (m2) 55 60 64
Fiber Diameter (mm) 0.8 0.8 0.48
Specified MWCO (kDa) 150 7 10
Actual MWCO (kDa) 150 7 20

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HFS 60 SILICA VERSUS KOCH TARGA PM10
• Tolerates higher tensile stress: stronger
• Higher strain at break: more flexible
MEMBRANE
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HFS 60 PM 10 percentage
Load at offset
(Elastic strain)
4.1 1.4 + 190%
Tensile strength
(Final strain)
6.8 2.6 + 160%
Elongation 104 46 + 125%

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MODULE
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MODULE DIMENSIONS
• Diameter 220 mm
• Length 1537 mm
• Surface area 60 m2
CONFIGURATION
• Aquaflex
• Xiga
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
• Module shell PVC
• Internals PVC / PP
• Potting Epoxy
• Membrane PES / mod PES

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DESIGN
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PENTAIR X-FLOW PROJECTION TOOL

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SKIDS
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• Standardized design
- From 10 to 120 membrane modules per skid
• Dead end operation
• Chemically enhanced backwash

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COLLOIDAL SILICA
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SIO2 SIO2 SIO2
LUDOX SM30 LUDOX AS30 LUDOX AM30
description colloidal silica
concentration 30 wt. %
suspension in H2O
surface area ~345 m2/g
pH 10.0
density
Size
1.22 g/mL at 25 °C
7 nanometer
description colloidal silica
concentration 30 wt. %
suspension in H2O
surface area ~230 m2/g
pH 9.1
density
Size
1.2 g/mL at 25 °C
13 – 14 nanometer
description colloidal silica
concentration 30 wt. %
suspension in H2O
surface area ~220 m2/g
pH 8.9
density
Size
1.21 g/mL at 25 °C
15 nanometer

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COLLOIDAL SILICA
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ICP – AES
Atomic emission spectrometer
with inductively coupled plasma

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REFERENCES
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HFS 60 SILICA FOR BOILER FEED APPLICATIONS
• Jaypee Nigrie Super Thermal Power Project in Singrauli,
Madhya Pradesh, India
Electrical output: 2 X 660 MW
Boiler feed: 3,840 m3/day
• J.K. Paper plant in Rayagada, Chhattisgarh, India
Paper production: 260,000 tonnes per annum
Pulp production: 200,000 tonnes per annum
Electrical output: 48.5 MW
Boiler feed: 6,000 m3/day