1. Penelitian membuat sediaan jel pewarna rambut dari infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku dan infus serbuk henna kemasan dengan konsentrasi berbeda.
2. Hasilnya menunjukkan infus pacar kuku 10-20% memberi warna jingga coklat dan infus henna 10-20% memberi warna coklat. Warna memudar setelah penyimpanan namun kuat pada pewarnaan ulang.
3. Kedua sediaan jel tidak menim
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai tanda-tanda vital seseorang yang meliputi tekanan darah, detak jantung, suhu tubuh, dan laju pernafasan serta penjelasan mengenai prosedur-prosedur perawatan seperti merapikan tempat tidur, memandikan pasien, pemberian obat melalui injeksi, pemasangan infus, dan pemasangan kateter. Terdapat juga beberapa studi kasus untuk dihitung.
1. Analisa sintesa tindakan DOPS di ruang OK/IBS RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa Sri Rahmawati Rukmini pada tanggal 08 Desember 2016 untuk pasien wanita berumur 19 tahun dengan diagnosa kista ovarium yang akan menjalani insisi.
2. Dokumen ini berisi analisa dan evaluasi tindakan pemasangan infus pada pasien sebelum operasi beserta rasional dan bahaya yang mungkin terjadi.
3. Hasil evaluasi meny
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang formulasi lip tint herbal dari ekstrak buah bit. Lip tint dibuat dengan mengekstraksi zat warna dari buah bit kemudian diformulasikan bersama bahan penstabil lainnya. Formula yang dihasilkan dievaluasi sifat fisik dan keamanannya untuk menghasilkan lip tint herbal yang aman dan stabil.
Makalah ini membahas tentang zat pewarna pada makanan, termasuk definisi zat pewarna, jenis-jenis zat pewarna alami dan sintetis, serta dampak kesehatan dari penggunaan zat pewarna."
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai tanda-tanda vital seseorang yang meliputi tekanan darah, detak jantung, suhu tubuh, dan laju pernafasan serta penjelasan mengenai prosedur-prosedur perawatan seperti merapikan tempat tidur, memandikan pasien, pemberian obat melalui injeksi, pemasangan infus, dan pemasangan kateter. Terdapat juga beberapa studi kasus untuk dihitung.
1. Analisa sintesa tindakan DOPS di ruang OK/IBS RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa Sri Rahmawati Rukmini pada tanggal 08 Desember 2016 untuk pasien wanita berumur 19 tahun dengan diagnosa kista ovarium yang akan menjalani insisi.
2. Dokumen ini berisi analisa dan evaluasi tindakan pemasangan infus pada pasien sebelum operasi beserta rasional dan bahaya yang mungkin terjadi.
3. Hasil evaluasi meny
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang formulasi lip tint herbal dari ekstrak buah bit. Lip tint dibuat dengan mengekstraksi zat warna dari buah bit kemudian diformulasikan bersama bahan penstabil lainnya. Formula yang dihasilkan dievaluasi sifat fisik dan keamanannya untuk menghasilkan lip tint herbal yang aman dan stabil.
Makalah ini membahas tentang zat pewarna pada makanan, termasuk definisi zat pewarna, jenis-jenis zat pewarna alami dan sintetis, serta dampak kesehatan dari penggunaan zat pewarna."
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Pembuatan sediaan pewarna_rambut_2
1. 1
PEMBUATAN SEDIAAN PEWARNA RAMBUT DALAM BENTUK GEL
DARI INFUS PACAR KUKU ( Lawsonia inermis, L)
FORMULATION OF HAIR DYE GEL FROM PACAR KUKU
(Lawsonia inermis, L) INFUSION
ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai formulasi sediaan jel pewarna rambut
yang mengandung berbagai konsentrasi infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku (Lawsonia
inermisL). Infus yang digunakan berupa infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku dan infus
henna kemasan dengan konsetrasi 10%,15%, dan 20%.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan jel pewarna rambut dengan infus
serbuk tanaman pacar kuku maupun infus serbuk henna kemasan mengalami
perubahan bentuk, warna, bau, dan penurunan pH, serta viskositas selama
penyimpanan.
Sediaan jel pewarna rambut dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 10% dan
20% memberikan warna jingga coklat, sedangkan sediaan dengan infus serbuk henna
kemasan 10% dan 20% memberikan warna coklat. Kedua jenis sediaan jel pewarna
rambut yang telah disimpan selama satu bulan tetap memberikan warna jingga coklat
dan coklat tetapi melemah/memudar. Pada pewarnaan berulang, sediaan pewarna
rambut dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku maupun infus serbuk henna kemasan
menghasilkan warna yang sama tetapi lebih kuat, sedangkan warna akhirnya sama
yaitu warna coklat. Kedua sediaan jel pewarna rambut yang dibuat tidak
menghasilkan iritasi pada kulit.
Kata kunci : Pewarna rambut, gel, Lawsonia inermis, L
2. 2
ABSTRACT
The formulation of hair dye gels that contain of infuse Pacar kuku herb
(Lawsonia inermis, L) and infuse henna pack with concentration 10%, 15%, and 20%
had been researched.
The result showed that the hair dye gels with Pacar kuku herb and henna pack
infusion had differences of homogeneity, color, and odor at storage periodes. Beside
of that the pH and viscosity was decreasing. The hair dye gels with Pacar kuku herb
infusion 10% and 20% showed orange browness color to white hair and the hair dye
with henna pack infusion 10% and 20% showed brown color. After one month
storage, both of gels showed a weakness color than first uses. In coloring repetition,
both of gels showed the same color but more stronger and after three times repetition
the color was brown.
Both of gels did not give irritation to the skin.
Key words : Hair dye, gel, Lawsonia inermis, L
3. 3
I. PENDAHULUAN
Perkembangan ilmu kefarmasian akhir-akhir ini menunjukkan adanya
peningkatan penggunaan bahan alam sebagai dasar dari suatu sediaan. Masyarakat
kini lebih memilih produk yang mengandung bahan alami untuk digunakan dengan
tujuan pengobatan maupun perawatan tubuh karena faktor keamanan dan efek
samping yang relatif lebih kecil dibanding zat kimiawi.
Salah satu jenis sediaan kosmetika yang digemari adalah pewarna rambut.
Pewarna rambut selain digunakan untuk memperindah penampilan juga sering
digunakan menutupi rambut yang telah memutih sehingga dapat meningkatkan rasa
percaya diri. Faktor zat warna dalam sediaan kosmetika sangat penting. Efek
pewarnaan yang menarik dan serasi menjadi tujuan utama dari para pengguna
kosmetika
Zat warna yang sering digunakan dalam sediaan kosmetika umumnya adalah
zat warna kimiawi. Walaupun pemakaian zat warna kimiawi tersebut sangat diatur
jenis dan kadarnya tetapi seringkali kita menemukan adanya pelanggaran-
pelanggaran. Pemakaian zat warna alami dalam sediaan kosmetika sebagai suatu
solusi sangat dibutuhkan karena efek sampingnya yang relatif kecil juga untuk lebih
memanfaatkan potensi alam Indonesia yang kaya akan tanaman yang mengandung zat
warna alami. Salah satu tanaman yang dikenal memiliki zat warna alami adalah
pacar kuku. Tanaman ini tumbuh subur di iklim tropis seperti Indonesia dan tidak
terlalu memerlukan perawatan yang khusus dalam pertumbuhannya sehingga
memudahkan dalam pembudidayaannya, yang pada akhirnya dapat menjadi sumber
pemasukan bagi masyarakat sebagai penyedia bahan baku.
1.1 Tinjauan Pustaka
Tanaman pacar kuku banyak tumbuh di wilayah Indonesia. Tanaman ini
secara empiris telah digunakan untuk mewarnai rambut, kuku, dan kulit tangan
seseorang dengan tujuan untuk memperindah penampilan. Zat warna yang terkandung
dalam Lawsonia inermis adalah lawson, pertama kali diisolasi oleh Tomasi pada
tahun1916 dan dideterminasi sebagai senyawa kimia 2 – hydroxyl – 1,4 –
naphthoquinone, C10H6O3 (Sagarin, 1957).
Serbuk keseluruhan tanaman dikenal dengan nama henna yang dikemas dalam
wadah peka cahaya sebagai serbuk halus kehijauan.Warna yang dihasilkan sesuai
dengan bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan, seperti akar memberikan warna hitam,
4. 4
daun memberikan warna merah, dan batang memberikan warna natural (tidak
berwarna). Ketiganya dicampur dengan perbandingan tertentu untuk memperoleh
warna yang diinginkan (Formularium Kosmetika Ind. ; 1985). Penggunaan yang telah
dikenal adalah dibuat dalam bentuk pasta dengan menambahakan air panas dan
tetesan air jeruk nipis untuk memberikan suasana asam. Bentuk pasta tersebut
memberikan rasa kurang nyaman saat pemakaainnya.
Gel merupakan suatu sistem semisolid yang dibuat dari partikel anorganik
yang kecil atau molekul organik yang besar dan terpenetrasi oleh suatu cairan
(Farmakope Ind. ; 1995). Gel memiliki fase padat yang terikat satu sama lain dengan
polimer alam atau pun sintetik membentuk matriks tiga dimensi. Gel dapat
mengembang karena komponen pembentuknya dapat mengabsorpsi larutan sehingga
mengakibatkan pertambahan volume. Gel memiliki penampilan yang menarik karena
sifat transparannya, tetapi beberapa gel dapat menjadi keruh akibat tidak melarutnya
semua polimer atau karena terbentuknya agregat yang sifatnya memancarkan cahaya.
(Banker, G dan Rhodes, C, 1989)
Sediaan pewarna rambut adalah sediaan kosmetika yang digunakan dalam
tatrias rambut untuk mewarnai rambut atau untuk mengembalikan warna rambut
asalnya Salah satu penggolongan pewarna rambut adalah berdasarkan jenis zat warna
yang dikandungnya, yaitu pewarna rambut deengan zat warna alam, zat warna
senyawa garam logam, dan zat warna oksidatif. Sedangkan dari segi aya lekatnya,
pewarna rambut dibagi menjadi peawrna rambut dengan daya lekat temporer dan
permanent. Henna termasuk zat warn aalam dengan daya lekat permanen..
1.2 Tujuan dan manfaat Penelitian
Penelitian bertujuan untuk membuat sediaan pewarna rambut dalam bentuk
gel yang mengandung zat warna alami dari tanaman pacar kuku sehingga diperoleh
sediaan yang stabil, praktis, dan aman saat digunakan. Selain itu juga untuk lebih
memanfaatkan kekayaan alam Indonesia berupa tanaman Pacar Kuku yang
mengandung zat warna alami untuk digunakan dalam sediaan kosmetika.
Hasil penelitian ini merupakan langkah awal dari pemanfaatan zat warna alami
yang terdapat dalam tanaman pacar kuku untuk digunakan dalam sediaan kosmetika
sehingga cara pemakainnya lebih praktis dan aman. Selain itu juga untuk lebih
memanfaatkan potensi alam Indonesia berupa pembudidayaan tanaman pacar kuku.
5. 5
2. Metode Penelitian
2.1 Determinasi Tanaman
Tanaman pacar kuku dideterminasi di Laboratorium Sistematika Tumbuhan,
Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas
Padjadjaran.
2.2 Pengumpulan Bahan
Tanaman pacar kuku dikumpulkan dari Desa Sukawening Tanjungsari, dan
Desa Andir Bale Endah. Bahan yang digunakan terdiri dari akar, batang, dan daun
yang dikeringkan dan dihaluskan.
2.3 Isolasi Zat Warnaa dari Serbuk Tanaman Pacar Kuku dan Serbuk Henna
Kemasan
Isolasi zat warna dilakukan dengan cara infundasi dengan berbagai variasi
konsentrasi, yaitu 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Serbuk yang telah ditimbang dimasukkan
kedalam panci infus, dibasahi dengan air suling, kemudian ditambahkan air suling ad
100 ml. panci dipanaskan dan proses infundasi dilakukan selama 15 menit setelah air
dalam panci infus mendidih, sambil sesekali diaduk. Setelah 15 menit, infus disaring
panas-panas menggunakan kain planel. Kekurangan volume hasil infus digenapkan
dengan penambahan air suling panas melalui ampas serbuk, dan disaring kembali.
2.4 Pengujian Stabilitas Zat Warna Hasil Infundasi
Uji stabilitas zat warna dilakukan dengan mengamati perubahan bentuk,
warna, dan bau dari zat warna hasil isolasi yang telah dibuat pada hari ke-1, 3, 7. Dan
setiap minggu selama 8 minggu penyimpanan.
2.5 Formulasi sediaan pewarna rambut
Tabel 1. Formulasi Gel Pewarna Rambut dengan berbagai konsentrasi infuse serbuk
pacar kuku dan henna kemasan
Formula
HPMC
(%)
Gliserin
(%)
Metil
paraben
(%)
Infus ad
Air
Suling
ad
P2 1 2.5 0.02 100 -
P3 1 2.5 0.02 100 -
H1 1 2.5 0.02 100 -
H2 1 2.5 0.02 100 -
H3 1 2.5 0.02 100 -
F0 1 2.5 0.02 - 100.00
6. 6
2.6 Pengujian Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan
Pengujian fisik meliputi pengataman organoleptis, pengukuran pH, dan viskositas
pada hari ke-1, 3, 7, dan setiap minggu selama 8 minggu penyimpanan.
2.6.1 Pengujian Efektivitas Perwarnaan
Pengujian efektivitas sediaan jel pewarna rambut dilakukan untuk mengetahui
apakah sediaan jel pewarna rambut yang dibuat dapat memberikan efek pewarnaan
pada rambut. Pengujiaan efektivitas sediaan jel pewarna rambut dilakukan terhadap
sediaan jel pewarna rambut dengan konsentrasi terkecil dan terbesar, sebagai berikut :
Sediaan uji dioleskan pada rambut sukarelawan secara merata, dibiarkan selam 1 jam,
kemudian rambut dicuci dan diamati ada tidaknya perubahan warna yang terjadi pada
rambut.
Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemakaian sediaan jel pewarna rambut secara
berulang-ulang, dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali dan masing-masing dibiarkan selama
30 menit.
2.6.2 Pengujian Iritasi Sedian Jel Pewarna Rambut
Pengujian iritasi pewarna rambut dilakukan terhadap sediaan jel pewarna
rambut dengan konsentrasi zar warna terbesar, menggunakan teknik uji tempel
terbuka, sebagai berikut : Sejumlah kecil sediaan uji dioleskan pada punggung tangan
kanan sukarelawan dan sediaan blanko sejumlah sama dioleskan pada punggung
tangan kiri. Olesan dibiarkan terbuka selama 1 jam, reaksi yang terjadi diamati.
Pengujian dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali sehari selama tiga hari berturut-turut terhadap
20 orang sukarelawan. Reaksi yang diamati adalah rasa gatal dan timbulnya warna
merah karena terjadi iritasi pada kulit.
3. Hasil dan Pembahasan
3.1 Hasil Determinasi Tanaman
Hasil determinasi tanaman menunjukkan bahwa tanaman pacar kuku termasuk
dalam marga Lawsonia dengan jenis Lawsonia inermis L.
3.2 Hasil Pengumpulan Bahan
Hasil pengumpulan bahan dari 1.500 gram tanaman pacar kuku (akar, batang,
daun) diperoleh 530 gram serbuk kering tanaman yang berwarna kehijauan dan
berbau khas. Sedangkan serbuk henna kemasan yang digunkan sebagai pembanding
mempunyai berat 500 gram, berbentuk serbuk halus, berwarna hijau tua, dan berbau
khas.
7. 7
3.3 Hasil Infundasi Zat warna
Tabel 2. Hasil infundasi zat warna serbuk tanaman pacar kuku dan serbuk henna
kemasan
Bentuk Warna Bau pH
IP 1 ce jc kh 4,96
IP 2 ce jc kh 4,89
IP 3 ce jc kh 4,86
IH 1 ce c kh 4,54
IH 2 ce c kh 4,55
IH 3 ce c kh 4,54
Keterangan :
IP 1 = Infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 10%
IP 2 = Infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 15%
IP 3 = Infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 20%
IH 1 = infus serbuk henna kemasan 10%
IH 2 = infus serbuk henna kemasan 15%
IH 3 = infus serbuk henna kemasan 20%
ce = cairan dengan endapan, jc = jingga coklat
kh = khas, c = coklat
Formula
Hasil infundasi
3.4 Hasil Pengamatan Stablitas Zat Warna Hasil Infundasi
Tabel 3. Hasil Pengamatan perubahan bentuk, warna, bau, dan pH infus serbuk
tanaman pacar kuku dan infus serbuk henna kemasan selama penyimpanan
Formula Bentuk Warna Bau pH
IP 1 + + + 4,13 - 4,96
IP 2 + + + 4,08 - 4,89
IP 3 + + + 4,06 - 4,86
IH 1 + + + 3,90 - 4,54
IH 2 + + + 3,79 - 4,55
IH 3 + + + 3,62 - 4,54
Keterangan :
IP 1 = Infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 10%
IP 2 = Infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 15%
IP 3 = Infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 20%
IH 1 = infus serbuk henna kemasan 10%
IH 2 = infus serbuk henna kemasan 15%
IH 3 = infus serbuk henna kemasan 20%
+ = Ada perubahan
- = Tidak ada perubahan
8. 8
Bentuk berubah dari larutan yang homogen menjadi tidak homogen karena terbentuk
endapan yang berwarna coklat. Endapan coklat mungkin berasal dari serbuk tanaman
yang tidak tersaring oleh kain planel saat pemerasan pada proses infundasi. Warna
infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku berubah jingga coklat menjadi jingga coklat tua.
Perubahan warna ini dimulai sejak hari ke-3, yang disebabkan oleh pengaruh udara
dan cahaya yang megnakibatkan terjdinya oksidasi zat warna. Bau berubah dari bau
khas pacar kuku / henna menjadi bau menyengat / asam sejak hari ke-7.
3.5 Hasil Pengamatan Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan
3.5.1 Hasil Pengamatan Organoleptis
Tabel 4. Hasil pengamatan perubahan bentuk, warna, dan bau sediaan jel pewarna
dengan berbagai konsentrasi infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku dan infus
henna kemasan selama waktu penyimpanan
Formula Bentuk Warna Bau
P1 + + +
P2 + + +
P3 + + +
H1 + + +
H2 + + +
H3 + + +
Keterangan :
F0 = Formula jel tanpa infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku/ henna kemasan
P1 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 10%
P2 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 15%
P3 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 20%
H1 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan 10%
H2 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan 15%
H3 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan 20%
+ = Ada perubahan
- = Tidak ada perubahan
Pada sediaan dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku terbentuk dua lapisan
yang terdiri dari cairan berwarna jingga coklat dan endapan kental berwarna coklat.
Pada sediaan dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan terbentuk tiga lapisan yang terdiri
dari carian encer berwarna merah kecoklatan di bagian atas, endapan kental berwarna
coklat kehitaman dibagian tengahm endapan serbuk henna berwarna hijau tu di bagian
bawah. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena tidak bersatunya basis jel dengan infus serbuk
tanaman pacar kuku dan akibat adanya pemisahan pada zat warna hasil infundasi yang
disebabkan karena proses penyaringan yang kurang sempurna. Kedua jenis sediaan jel
9. 9
pewarna rambut ini walaupun membentuk lapisan selama penyimpanan, tetapi apabila
dikocok / diaduk akan berubah kembali menjadi homogen kembali.
Perubahan warna dari kedua sediaan jel warna tambut dimulai sejak hari ke-7.
Sediaan jel dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku berubah dari warna jingga coklat
menjadi jingga coklat tua, sedangkan sediaan jel dengan infus henna kemasan berubah
dari warna coklat menjadi coklat tua. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pengaruh udara dan
sinar matahariyang mengakibatkan terjadinya oksidasi. Perubahan bau dari kedua
sediaan jel pewarna rambut dimulai sejak hari-28, yaitu dari bau khas berubah
menjadi bau asam..
3.5.2 Hasil Pengukuran pH
Tabel 5. Hasil pengukuran pH sediaan jel pewarna rambut dengan berbagai
konsentrasi infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku dan infus serbuk henna
kemasan selama waktu penyimpanan
1 3 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56
F0 7.0333 6.2633 5.3333 5.2717 5.2233 5.1800 5.1467 4.9400 4.8830 4.6200
P1 4.9933 4.9067 4.8233 4.7167 4.6567 4.5133 4.4200 4.3667 4.2700 4.1133
P2 4.8833 4.8033 4.7467 4.6567 4.5700 4.4700 4.3700 4.2900 4.1833 4.1100
P3 4.9200 4.8300 4.7638 4.6667 4.5100 4.4567 4.4567 4.2333 4.1633 4.0400
H1 4.6400 4.5633 4.4733 4.3267 4.2767 4.1300 4.0533 3.9833 3.9333 3.8500
H2 4.5367 4.4467 4.3500 4.2600 4.1667 3.9633 3.9067 3.7133 3.6767 3.6100
H3 4.5567 4.4833 4.3967 4.2267 4.0233 3.9233 3.7867 3.6367 3.4533 3.4200
Keterangan :
F0 = Formula jel tanpa infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku/ henna kemasan
P1 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 10%
P2 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 15%
P3 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 20%
H1 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan 10%
H2 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan 15%
H3 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan 20%
Formula
Waktu penyimpanan (hari)
3.5.3 Hasil Pengukuran Viskositas
Tabel 6. Hasil pengukuran viskositas sediaan jel pewarna rambut dengan berbagai
konsentrasi infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku dan infus serbuk henna
kemasan selama waktu penyimpanan
10. 10
1 3 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56
F0 268.00 267.33 263.33 253.33 242.67 213.67 185.07 177.33 162.13 150.93
P1 170.67 124.00 96.67 70.00 58.07 50.00 32.33 28.27 22.60 17.93
P2 133.33 96.67 78.27 52.67 36.73 35.07 28.40 23.53 18.80 15.67
P3 106.00 75.67 50.67 23.60 15.33 14.73 13.20 12.67 11.67 7.33
H1 25.33 22.00 21.67 20.30 19.67 19.27 18.60 17.53 16.60 14.77
H2 21.83 20.40 20.33 20.00 19.13 18.60 17.63 16.33 14.33 13.33
H3 21.33 20.00 19.33 17.87 17.07 16.33 16.27 16.13 15.50 14.27
Keterangan :
F0 = Formula jel tanpa infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku/ henna kemasan
P1 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 10%
P2 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 15%
P3 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 20%
H1 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan 10%
H2 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan 15%
H3 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan 20%
Formula
Waktu penyimpanan (hari)
.
3.5.4 Hasil Pengamatan Efektivitas Pewarnaan
Tabel 7. Hasil pengamatan efektivitas pewarnaan sediaan jel pewarna rambut dengan
infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku dan infus henna kemasan
F0 P1 P3 H1 H3
S 1 tb jc jc c c
S 28 tb cp cp cp cp
Keterangan :
F0 = Formula jel tanpa infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku / henna kemasan
P1 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 10%
P3 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 20%
H1 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan 10%
H3 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan 20%
S1 = Sediaan sehari setelah pembuatan
S28 = Sediaan setelah penyimpanan 28 hari
tb = tidak berwarna ck = coklat
jc = jingga coklat cl = coklat pudar
Sediaan
Efefktivitas Pewarnaan
Tabel 8. Hasil pewarnaa berulang dengan sediaan jel pewarna rambut yang
mengandung infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku dan infus serbuk henna
kemasan 10% dan 20%
11. 11
P1 P3 H1 H3
W1 j jc k k
W2 jc jc jc jc
W3 c c c c
Keterangan :
P1 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 10%
P3 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 20%
H1 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan 10%
H3 = Formula jel dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan 20%
W1 = Waktu pemakaian 30 menit pertama
W2 = Waktu pemakaian 30 menit kedua
W3 = Waktu pemakaian 30 menit ketiga
jc = jingga coklat cl = coklat pudar
Waktu
Pewarnaan
(menit)
Efefktivitas Pewarnaan
3.5.5 Hasil Pengujian Iritasi Sediaan
Dari hasil pengujian iritasi, gel pewarna rambut dengan infuse pacar kuku dan infuse
henna kemasan tidak menunjukkan adanya reaksi positif iritasi kulit.
4. Kesimpulan
Dari penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa :
1) Zat warna hasil infundasi serbuk tanaman pacar kuku berwarna jingga kecoklatan
dan serbuk henna kemasan berwarna coklat. Keduanya mengalami perubahan
bentuk, warna, dan bau selama dua bulan penyimpanan.
2) Sediaan jel pewarna rambut dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku atau
dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan mengalami perubahan bentuk, warna, bau,
dan penurunan nilai pH serta viskositas selama dua bulan penyimpanan.
Penurunan viskositas dan pH sediaan jel pewarna rambut semakin menurun
seiring dengan semakin besarnya konsentrasi infus zat pewarna yang digunakan.
3) Sediaan jel pewarna rambut dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku 10% dan
20% memberikan warna jingga coklat, sedangkan sediaan dengan infus serbuk
henna kemasan 10% dan 20% memberikan warna coklat. Kedua jenis sediaan jel
pewarna rambut yang telah disimpan selama satu bulan tetap memberikan warna
jingga coklat dan coklat tetapi melemah/memudar. Pada pewarnaan berulang,
sediaan pewarna rambut dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku maupub infus
serbuk henna kemasan menghasilkan warna yang sama tetapi lebih kuat,
sedangkan warna akhirnya sama yaitu warna coklat.
4) Sediaan pewarna rambut dengan serbuk tanaman pacar kuku maupun dengan
infus serbuk henna kemasan ternyata tidak mengiritasi kulit sukarekawan.
5) Sediaan jel pewarna rambut dengan infus serbuk tanaman pacar kuku lebih baik
dari sediaan jel dengan infus serbuk henna kemasan apabila ditinjau dari segi
viskositas, pH, serta nilai ekonomisnya.
12. 12
5. Ucapan terimakasih
Ucapan terimakasih kepada Bapak Prof. Anas Subarnas, MSc, selaku dekan Fakuktas
Farmasi Universitas Padjadjaran.
Daftar Pustaka
Ansel, H, 1989, Pengantar Ilmu Farmasi, UI Press, Jakarta, 338.
Harry, R.G., 1973, Harry’s Cosmetology, sixth edition, Chemical Publishing
Company Inc, New York, 439-456.
Gellinek, S, 1970, Formulation and Function of Cosmetics, Willey Interscience, New
York, 17-24.
Cooper and Gunn,s, Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, Twelfth edition, Pitman
Medical, 218-220.
Departemen Kesehatan RI, 1985, Formularium Kosmetika Indonesia, Jakarta, 208,
213.
Departemen Kesehatan RI, 1995, Farmakope Indonesia, edisi IV , Jakarta, 7.
Departemen Kesehatan RI, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 1991,
Inventaris Tanaman Obat Indonesia, Jilid I, 340-341
Voight, R, 1995, Buku Pengajaran Teknologi Farmasi, UGM Press, Yogyakarta, 338-
350.
Forestry compendium, Lawsonia inermis, L, www.cabicompendium.org