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PEDIATRICS DRUG DOSES CALCULATIONS AND COMMON DRUG REACTIONS .pptx
- 2. By Dr NaeemJameel
- 3. Don’t forget howbadly you once wanted what you have now ….
- 4. • The medicinedoses are calculated based on child’s weight. • It make the dose much more precise in children. • Its very important that the child’s most recent weight must be recorded in kilograms .
- 5. 1. At theend of this session , we will be able to calculate the common doses of drugs use frequently in paediatrics and their side effects as
- 6. It is anappropriate administration of desired strength and quantity of drugs to infants and neonates to improve their health condition.
- 7. • To preventdrugs complications • Improve child general health condition • Appropriate administration of desired dose.
- 8. • Right drug •Right child • Right route • Right dose • Right time • Right assessment • Right approach • Right evaluation • Right documentation • Right to refuse • Right prescription • Right nurse/ clinician
- 12. Fried’s Rule: Forinfants younger than 1 year =Child’s age in months /Average adult weight (72Kg) *Adult dose
- 14. Calculate the dosefor a 6months old baby where the adult dose is 500mg GIVEN: Age of the child =6month Average adult dose =500mg To find = child dose Solution :6/70*500=40mg .
- 16. Based on theweight of the child, which is much more accurate than other rules Child’s weight(kg)/Average adult’s weight(kg) * Adult’s dose
- 19. WHAT WE WANT=20mg WHATWE HAVE = 40mg DILUTION= 40mg OMEPRAZOL IN 5ml STERILE WATER CALCULATING THE AMOUNT TO BE TAKEN IN ml TO ADMINISTER TO PATIENT ? 20/40*5 =0.5*5 =2.5ml
- 22. Dose available inbottle/Rate of dilution *Dose to be administered
- 23. A 3years toddleris prescribed to be administer 2ml of paracetamol syrup Solution: What we want=2ml What we have = 5ml contains 250mg in bottle Dose= 250/5*2 =50mg*2=100mg
- 25. No. Of drops/ min= amount of fluid in (ml)* drop factor to be given in 24 hours DROP FACTOR = 60 (micro drops) and 15 (macro drops )
- 26. Normal saline (500ml)in 4 hours =500*60/4*60 =125drops /min
- 29. • Circulations • Redistribution •Biotransformation (metabolism) • Excretion
- 32. Study of harmfuleffects of drugs on biological system
- 33. Adverse drugs reactionsare the undesirable reaction when the drug is given .
- 35. • Rout ofadministrations ( IV most effective but more serious for ADRs) • DOSE (85% ADRs are related to overdose ) • Patient ( age, sex , weight , race ,…..)
- 37. • Effects asdirect extension of drug action =1: Side Effects 2: Overdose reaction. • Effects result from altered immune response 1: Allergy 2: Idiosyncrasy • Effects result from altered patient .
- 39. Undesirable effects occurswhen drug given : EX:Adrenalin - Desirable Brochodilator Undesirable Palpitations EX:ABx- Desirable Antibacterial Undesirable GI upset
- 40. Definition: Are reactionsthat arises due to toxic amount of drug . EX: Vit A norma dose usually is less than 5000IU , more than 5000IU is toxic dose .
- 41. • Definition: ➡It isa hypersensitivity response to an allergen to which the individual has been previously expose to ( already existed antibodies) ➡It is seen clinically as ‣ Fever ‣ Angioedema ‣ Urticaria ‣ Dermatitis ‣ Photosensitivity ‣ Breathlessness ‣ Anaphylexis
- 44. • Thorough Hx •Hx of allergy from drugs, food , latex ,… • Hx of any past medicines in use
- 45. ✓ Complete medicalevaluation before starting any treatment ✓ Apply topical drugs on the site of needle to see any reaction ✓ Injections must be slow ✓ Must double check the prescription of clinician .
- 48. • https://www.slideshare.net/Gauravsharma2359/drugs-used-in-pediatrics • https://www.slideshare.net/samghany/drug-dilutions-concentrations •PubMed.com • Nelson paediatrics 21 edition • Parvaiz Akbar paediatrics • YouTube.com • Google scholar
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