A presentation on the lines of gagne's rules .Interactive and with beautiful illustrations and references to make things easier for my fellow humans.

2. By Dr Naeem Jameel

3. Don’t forget how badly you once wanted what you have now
….

4. • The medicine doses are calculated based on child’s weight.
• It make the dose much more precise in children.
• Its very important that the child’s most recent weight must be recorded in kilograms .

5. 1. At the end of this session , we will be able to calculate the common
doses of drugs use frequently in paediatrics and their side effects as

6. It is an appropriate
administration of desired
strength and quantity of drugs
to infants and neonates to
improve their health condition.

7. • To prevent drugs complications
• Improve child general health
condition
• Appropriate administration of
desired dose.

8. • Right drug
• Right child
• Right route
• Right dose
• Right time
• Right assessment
• Right approach
• Right evaluation
• Right documentation
• Right to refuse
• Right prescription
• Right nurse/ clinician

12. Fried’s Rule: For infants younger than 1 year =Child’s age in months /Average adult weight
(72Kg) *Adult dose

14. Calculate the dose for a 6months old baby where the adult dose is 500mg
GIVEN:
Age of the child =6month
Average adult dose =500mg
To find = child dose
Solution :6/70*500=40mg .

16. Based on the weight of the child, which is much more accurate than
other rules
Child’s weight(kg)/Average adult’s weight(kg) * Adult’s dose

19. WHAT WE WANT=20mg
WHAT WE HAVE = 40mg
DILUTION= 40mg OMEPRAZOL IN 5ml STERILE WATER
CALCULATING THE AMOUNT TO BE TAKEN IN ml TO ADMINISTER TO
PATIENT ?
20/40*5
=0.5*5
=2.5ml

22. Dose available in bottle/Rate of dilution *Dose to be administered

23. A 3years toddler is prescribed to be administer 2ml of paracetamol
syrup
Solution:
What we want=2ml
What we have = 5ml contains 250mg in bottle
Dose= 250/5*2
=50mg*2=100mg

25. No. Of drops / min= amount of fluid in (ml)* drop factor to be given in 24
hours
DROP FACTOR = 60 (micro drops) and 15 (macro drops )

26. Normal saline (500ml) in 4 hours
=500*60/4*60
=125drops /min

29. • Circulations
• Redistribution
• Biotransformation (metabolism)
• Excretion

32. Study of harmful effects of drugs on biological system

33. Adverse drugs reactions are the undesirable reaction when the drug is given .

35. • Rout of administrations ( IV most
effective but more serious for
ADRs)
• DOSE (85% ADRs are related to
overdose )
• Patient ( age, sex , weight , race
,…..)

37. • Effects as direct extension of drug
action =1: Side Effects
2: Overdose reaction.
• Effects result from altered immune
response 1: Allergy 2:
Idiosyncrasy
• Effects result from altered patient .

39. Undesirable effects occurs when drug given :
EX:Adrenalin - Desirable Brochodilator
Undesirable Palpitations
EX:ABx- Desirable Antibacterial
Undesirable GI upset

40. Definition: Are reactions that arises due to toxic amount of drug .
EX: Vit A norma dose usually is less than 5000IU , more than 5000IU is
toxic dose .

41. • Definition:
➡It is a hypersensitivity response to an allergen to which the individual has been previously expose to ( already
existed antibodies)
➡It is seen clinically as
‣ Fever
‣ Angioedema
‣ Urticaria
‣ Dermatitis
‣ Photosensitivity
‣ Breathlessness
‣ Anaphylexis

44. • Thorough Hx
• Hx of allergy from drugs, food ,
latex ,…
• Hx of any past medicines in use

45. ✓ Complete medical evaluation
before starting any treatment
✓ Apply topical drugs on the site of
needle to see any reaction
✓ Injections must be slow
✓ Must double check the
prescription of clinician .

48. • https://www.slideshare.net/Gauravsharma2359/drugs-used-in-pediatrics
• https://www.slideshare.net/samghany/drug-dilutions-concentrations
• PubMed.com
• Nelson paediatrics 21 edition
• Parvaiz Akbar paediatrics
• YouTube.com
• Google scholar

49. The English patient
Wit