This document summarizes an orientation workshop on the Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994 held in Moradabad, India on December 11, 2013. It outlines the inspection process for diagnostic centers, record keeping requirements including specific forms, offenses and punishments under the act, the powers of the Appropriate Authority, composition of the Advisory Committee, and strategies for effective implementation including regular inspections, monitoring reports and advertisements.
Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to stop female foeticides and arrest the declining sex ratio in India. The act banned prenatal sex determination.
Although female feoticide is a topic beginning to gain more public awareness, the laws surrounding sex selective abortions remain unclear due to political and judicial jargon. The Pre-Conception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act was passed in 1994 banning prenatal sex determination as a means to prevent sex selective abortions.
According to the act, a prenatal diagnostic procedure includes any medical procedure such as ultrasonography, foetoscopy, or sampling of amniotic fluid, chorionic villi, blood, any tissue or fluid, which is sent to a genetic laboratory or clinic for pre-natal analysis or diagnostic tests for sex selection. Pre-natal analysis could include any tests conducted on pregnant women to detect genetic disorders, metabolic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, congenital anomalies, haemoglobinopathies, and sex-linked diseases.
This is a presentation regarding the most salient features of PCPNDT act, India (formerly known as PNDT act). It is made for undergraduate medical students (MBBS). Hope it will help you in your examinations.
Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to stop female foeticides and arrest the declining sex ratio in India. The act banned prenatal sex determination.
Although female feoticide is a topic beginning to gain more public awareness, the laws surrounding sex selective abortions remain unclear due to political and judicial jargon. The Pre-Conception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act was passed in 1994 banning prenatal sex determination as a means to prevent sex selective abortions.
According to the act, a prenatal diagnostic procedure includes any medical procedure such as ultrasonography, foetoscopy, or sampling of amniotic fluid, chorionic villi, blood, any tissue or fluid, which is sent to a genetic laboratory or clinic for pre-natal analysis or diagnostic tests for sex selection. Pre-natal analysis could include any tests conducted on pregnant women to detect genetic disorders, metabolic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, congenital anomalies, haemoglobinopathies, and sex-linked diseases.
This is a presentation regarding the most salient features of PCPNDT act, India (formerly known as PNDT act). It is made for undergraduate medical students (MBBS). Hope it will help you in your examinations.
Surrogacy Regulation Act 2021 has been notified in the Gazette on 25th December 2021 and there are important implications for all who practice surrogacy in India both for patients and clinics and ART Banks.
India is the home to largest number of sexually abused children:WHO.POCSO act protects such children but what is the dilemma faced by a doctor when such a victim becomes his patient?
Key words:
Medical termination rules, termination act, penalty of illegal's pregnancy termination, what is family planning, approval process, Application form for approval,Maintaince of admission register, circumstances for termination of pregnancy ,What is MTP act, objectives of MTP act, what is owner, what is minor,
Surrogacy Regulation Act 2021 has been notified in the Gazette on 25th December 2021 and there are important implications for all who practice surrogacy in India both for patients and clinics and ART Banks.
India is the home to largest number of sexually abused children:WHO.POCSO act protects such children but what is the dilemma faced by a doctor when such a victim becomes his patient?
Key words:
Medical termination rules, termination act, penalty of illegal's pregnancy termination, what is family planning, approval process, Application form for approval,Maintaince of admission register, circumstances for termination of pregnancy ,What is MTP act, objectives of MTP act, what is owner, what is minor,
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
4. PUBLIC INFORMATION
A Notice Board in local language displaying that no sex
determination/sex selection is done at the clinic and
determination of sex is prohibited under the Act,
prominently outside the clinic
Registration Certificate be hung at conspicuous place in
the clinic where it can be seen easily
A booklet of latest PCPNDT Act & Rules
11 December 2013
4
5. RECORDS TO BE MAINTAINED
Register showing details of person undergoing counseling/test
Consent forms from man/woman undergoing counseling or test on Form G
Record of each woman undergoing counseling on Form D
Record
of
each
woman/man
undergoing
Pre-Natal
Diagnostic
tests/procedures/ techniques on Form E
Record of each man/woman subjected to tests/ techniques/procedures on
Form F
All records, consent forms, results, microscopic pictures, sonographic
plates to be preserved for two years or till disposal of legal proceedings, if
any
Records maintained on computer or other electronic equipment- printed
copy of records should be preserved after due authentication for period as
11 December 2013
mentioned above
5
6. Each Registered centre should send report on prescribed form on 5th of
every month to Appropriate Authority
Declaration by person conducting Ultrasonography or image scanning on
pregnant women on each report, stating that sex determination or
communication of sex has been done by him.
Any deficiency or inaccuracy therein shall amount to contravention
of provisions of section 5 and 6 and is punishable under the Act.
11 December 2013
6
8. WHAT IS AN OFFENCE UNDER THE ACT
Advertisement for sex determination through Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques
Determining the sex of foetus through these techniques
Conducting /running Genetic Counseling Center, Genetic Clinic or Genetic Laboratory
including Ultrasound Center without registration
Person conducting or aiding in conducting Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques at
unregistered place
Conducting Pre-Natal Diagnostic Test/Techniques for purposes other than mentioned in
the Act
Encouraging or forcing women to undergo Pre-Natal Diagnostic test for sex determination
Offence under the Act is cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable.
11 December 2013
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9. OFFENCES
SECTION U/THE ACT
Non-registration
Section 3
Conducting pre-conception and prenatal diagnostic
techniques/procedures/tests
Section 4
Communication of sex of the foetus
Section 5
Determination of sex of the foetus
Section 6
Advertisement relating to preconception and pre-natal
determination of sex
Section 22
Non-maintenance of records
Section 29
11 December 2013
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10. OFFENCES
PUNISHMENTS/PENALTIES
Advertisement relating to pre-conception
and pre-natal determination of sex
Imprisonment for a term which may extend
to three years AND with fine which may
extend to ten thousand rupees
Owning/being employed in/rendering his
professional or technical services at a USG
Centre/Clinic, etc. which violates provisions
of the Act
Imprisonment for a term up to three years
AND with fine which may extend to ten
thousand rupees.
Subsequent conviction shall attract
imprisonment for a term up to five years
AND with fine up to fifty thousand rupees
Seeking aid of Genetic Centres, etc. or any
other person for determination of sex in
violation of the Act
Imprisonment up to three years AND with
fine up to fifty thousand rupees.
Subsequent conviction attracts
imprisonment up to five years AND fine up
to one lakh rupees
11 December 2013
10
11. OFFENCES
For contravening any provision of the
Act or Rules for which no specific
punishment has been provided
Medical practitioners charged or
convicted under the Act
11 December 2013
PUNISHMENTS/PENALTIES
Imprisonment for a term up to three
months OR with fine up to one
thousand rupees OR with both. In the
case of continuing contravention with
an additional fine of up to five hundred
rupees for every day during which the
contravention continues after
conviction
Charged: Name of the medical
practitioner shall be reported by the AA
to the State Medical Council concerned
Convicted: Removal of his name from
the register of the Council for a period
of five years for the first offence and
permanently for any subsequent
offence
11
12. POWERS OF APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY
a) Summoning of any person who is in possession of
any information relating to violation of the
provisions of the Act or the Rules made
thereunder
b) Production of any document or material object
relating to clause
c) Issuing search warrant for any place suspected to
be indulging in sex selection technique or pre-natal
sex determination and
d) Any other matter which may be prescribed.
11 December 2013
12
13. ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL CONSIST OF
Three medical experts from amongst
gynaecologists, obstetricians, paediatricians, and medical
geneticists
One legal expert
One officer to represent the department dealing with
information and publicity of the State Government or the
Union Territory, as the case may be
Three eminent social workers of whom not less than one shall
be from amongst representatives of women’s organizations
NO PERSON WHO HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OR PROMOTION
OF PRE-NATAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINATION OF SEX OR
SEX SELECTION SHALL BE APPOINTED AS A MEMBER OF THE ADVISORY
11 December 2013
13
COMMITTEE.
14. ADVISORY COMMITTEE RULES
Meeting of the Advisory Committees
The period intervening between any two
meetings of the Advisory Committee shall not
exceed the prescribed period of sixty days
Notice of Meetings
At least seven clear days notice of all meetings
of the Advisory Committee shall be given to
each member but an urgent meeting may be
called by the Chairman at three clear days
notice.
11 December 2013
14
15. ADVISORY COMMITTEE RULES
Quorum
At every meeting of the Advisory Committee
four members shall form a quorum.
Chairman of the Meeting
Meetings of the Advisory Committee shall be
presided over by the Chairman or in his/her
absence, or if no chairman has been appointed,
by a member elected by the members present
from among themselves.
11 December 2013
15
16. ADVISORY COMMITTEE RULES
Assistance to be rendered by the Appropriate
Authority to the Advisory Committee
Every meeting of the Advisory Committee shall be
attended by the Appropriate Authority concerned
All secretarial and other assistance to the Advisory
Committee for the discharge of its functions shall
be provided by the Appropriate Authority
The Appropriate Authority shall issue the notice of
the meeting, agenda, notes on agenda and the
minutes of the meeting, in consultation with the
Chairman.
11 December 2013
16
17. EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACT
WHAT TO DO
Thorough inspection of place, equipments and technical
qualification of employees/operator at the time of
registration/renewal
Regular inspection of all registered Genetic Centres. At least
10 % of centres should be inspected every month covering
100 % centres every year
Keep track on centres due for renewal every month
Keep track/monitor centres not submitting monthly report
on prescribed Performa and form F, and file cases against
defaulters in CGM court
11 December 2013
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18. Look out for advertisements by centres, otherwise banned
under the Act
Immediately suspend the centre and also file case against
owner of the centre if found contravening provisions of the
act
A lawyer can be engaged for filing and contesting
the cases in the court out of the funds deposited in
the bank in the name of Appropriate Authority
11 December 2013
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19. How to Control Female Foeticide
• All private doctors in the city will have to
submit a report to the civic body every month
regarding the number of women whose
pregnancies they have confirmed. The objective
is also to keep track of the functioning of
sonography centers that these women
eventually get sent to for regular checks on the
fetal growth.
11 December 2013
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