1. Q16. What does the water inside the jar represent?
The water inside the jar represents the blood that is pumped by the heart.
Q17. How will you compare the heart pump model and the human heart?
The heart pump model moves water from the jar through the straws and into the pan.
The heart pumps blood out into the body through the arteries in a similar way.
Q18. How does the heart function as a pump?
The heart is filled with blood which is squeezed out to circulate through the whole body.
Q19. Will the heart model be able to function properly if the straw is blocked? Explain your answer.
No. The blood will not be pumped out of the heart into the body because there is an obstruction.
1. The nutrients obtained from the food during digestion are supplied by the circulatory system to the
body. What does the circulatory system distribute to the body as it works with the respiratory system?
The circulatory system distributes oxygen to the body as it works with the respiratory system.
2. If solid and liquid wastes are removed from the body through defecation and urination, what is
released by the body as waste during respiration? Carbon Dioxide is released by the body as waste
during respiration.
3. What happens to the diaphragm when a person breathes in or inhales? The diaphragm contracts
allowing more air in the chest cavity.
4. Why is the human heart called a double pump?
The heart pumps on every side, the left and the right, to circulate the blood throughout the body.
5. What will happen if oxygen is not transported by the blood to other parts of the body?
The cells in our body will not be able to process the nutrients to provide energy for the body and they
will die.
6. Since the valves act as the doors of the heart, what might happen if these doors do not close?
If the valves of the heart do not close, the blood will flow backwards. Blood will escape back into the
chambers rather than flowing forward through the heart or into an artery.
7. When we breathe in, we inhale many gases present in the air, including oxygen. What do you think
happens to the gases that are not needed by the body?
These gases will still pass from the lungs into the blood, and circulate throughout
the body

2. 8. You always hear and see the statement, “Government Warning: Cigarette smoking is dangerous to
your health.” How does cigarette smoking increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases?
The chemicals in cigarette harm the blood cells. They can also damage the function of the heart and the
structure and function of blood vessels, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. DRAFT
9. How does singing from the diaphragm, instead of throat, help improve the voice quality of a singer?
Singing from the diaphragm supports proper breathing and avoids voice straining
10. An old woman joined a kilometer-dash sprint and felt very exhausted afterwards.
How did the old woman’s activity affect her heart rate?
After running, the woman’s heart rate increased to supply more oxygen through the blood to the
muscles, since they need more oxygen when they are moving.
The heart is a hollow muscular organ, about the size of your fist, which is located in the center of your
chest between the lungs. It is a double pump that pumps on the left and right sides. Each side is divided
across into two chambers. The top chamber is called the atrium. The bottom chamber is called the
ventricle. The valve acts as one-way door, allowing blood to flow either forward into the next chamber,
or out of the heart.
Heart rate or pulse is the number of times your heart beats in a minute (BPM or beats per minute).
When you are resting, your heart rate slows down, as your body does not need as much oxygen as it
does when you exercise.
Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ in the body, causing many illnesses and affecting health in
general. The negative effects of smoking on the circulatory system include increased heart rate and
blood pressure, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, and vascular diseases. The respiratory diseases
caused by smoking are chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, cough, colds, tuberculosis, lung cancer,
and other respiratory infections.
The best way to prevent diseases in the respiratory and circulatory systems is to have a healthy lifestyle,
which includes balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate rest, proper hygiene, and avoiding vices such as
cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking. Circulatory and respiratory disease can easily be detected with
regular health check-up and physical screening.