Pattern for making a model of a topographic map
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A empresa de tecnologia anunciou um novo smartphone com câmera aprimorada, tela maior e bateria de longa duração por um preço acessível. O dispositivo tem como objetivo atrair mais consumidores em mercados emergentes com suas especificações equilibradas e preço baixo. Analistas esperam que as melhorias e o preço baixo impulsionem as vendas do novo aparelho.
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A empresa de tecnologia anunciou um novo smartphone com câmera aprimorada, tela maior e bateria de longa duração por um preço acessível. O dispositivo tem como objetivo atrair mais consumidores em mercados emergentes com suas especificações equilibradas e preço baixo. Analistas esperam que as melhorias e o preço baixo impulsionem as vendas do novo aparelho.
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1) The Christian Kingdoms advanced south into al-Andalus in the 11th-12th centuries, taking Toledo in 1085 and reaching the rivers Tajo and Ebro. This was halted by the Almoravids and Almohads.
2) After defeating the Almohads at Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, the Christian Kingdoms continued advancing south, reaching the rivers Guadiana and Guadalquivir in the west and modern-day Murcia in the east.
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El arte prehistórico incluye el arte paleolítico y neolítico. El arte paleolítico apareció hace 35,000 años y consistía en pinturas realistas de animales en el interior de cuevas, mientras que el arte neolítico apareció alrededor de 8000 a.C. e incluía escenas esquemáticas de animales y figuras humanas pintadas en refugios rocosos.
Unit 4 (part 2): The Creation of the Christian Kingdoms
1) The Kingdom of Asturias originated from Don Pelayo defeating the Muslims in 722 at the Battle of Covadonga and establishing himself as a local leader. Over time, the Kingdom expanded and its capital was moved to Leon, becoming the Kingdom of Leon.
2) The Kingdom of Leon originated from the expanded former Kingdom of Asturias. Castile began as a county vassal to Leon, located in the east defending it from Muslim attacks. In the 10th century, the Count of Castile gained independence.
3) The County of Castile gained independence in the 10th century after originally being a vassal county of the Kingdom of Leon, located in the east defending it
Unit 4: Feudalism
Feudalism emerged in Europe in the 9th century after the fall of the Carolingian Empire. Kings granted lands and authority to nobles in exchange for military support. This led to the rise of a feudal system where society was divided into estates. Nobles received fiefs divided into demesne and holdings. Peasants lived on these lands and paid rents and taxes. Feudal relationships were based on oaths of loyalty between lords and vassals. Feudalism shaped politics, society, and the arts during the Middle Ages in Europe.
Unidad 4: Formación Reinos Cristianos
1) El Reino de Asturias surgió luego de que Don Pelayo derrotara a los musulmanes en la Batalla de Covadonga en 722. Más tarde, el reino se expandió y pasó a llamarse Reino de León.
2) El Condado de Castilla originalmente fue un condado vasallo del Reino de León, pero en el siglo X el conde Fernán González proclamó su independencia.
3) Carlomagno creó la Marca Hispánica como zona defensiva contra los musulmanes, dando origen a varios
Unidad 4: Feudalismo
El documento habla sobre el feudalismo en Europa. Explica que el feudalismo surgió en el siglo IX después de la muerte de Carlomagno debido a las luchas internas en el Imperio Carolingio y los ataques externos. El feudalismo consistía en que los monarcas débiles pedían ayuda a los nobles a cambio de tierras, creando una relación de vasallaje. La sociedad feudal estaba dividida en estamentos y los privilegiados eran la nobleza y el clero.
Climates - Cards
The equatorial climate is located near the equator between 0-15 degrees north and south. It has high, stable temperatures around 25-27 degrees C with very abundant and regular rainfall over 2000mm per year supporting lush rainforests with tall trees. The tropical climate is located between 15-25 degrees north and south, also with high temperatures over 18 degrees C but with alternating rainy and dry seasons and rainfall between 500-2000mm supporting savannas with grasslands and isolated trees. The hot desert climate is located on the tropics near cold currents and inland areas with very high daytime temperatures and cold nights, very scarce and irregular rainfall under 250mm per year supporting almost no vegetation except for oasis with date palms
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El documento describe los diferentes tipos de climas alrededor del mundo, incluyendo el clima ecuatorial, tropical, desértico cálido, mediterráneo, oceánico, continental, polar y de alta montaña. Para cada clima, se especifican su ubicación, temperaturas, precipitaciones y vegetación características.
Unit 3: al-Andalus
The document provides information about al-Ándalus from the 8th to 15th centuries. It begins with a timeline of the different phases: Conquest, Dependent Emirate, Independent Emirate, Caliphate of Córdoba, Taifa kingdoms, Almoravids, Almohads, and the Nasrid kingdom of Granada. It then discusses the Muslim conquest in the 8th century, the causes of their success, their only defeat at Covadonga, and the terms of the Treaty of Teodomiro. Subsequent sections cover the political independence of the Emirate of Córdoba, the establishment of the Caliphate, the reign of Almanzor,
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Este documento resume la unidad 2 sobre el Islam. Explica la vida en la península arábiga antes del Islam, la figura de Mahoma y sus enseñanzas, los cinco pilares del Islam, normas de comportamiento, los inicios del Islam con la Hégira, los cuatro periodos del Califato y sus dinastías y capitales, las conquistas, la estructura política con el Califa, el Visir y el Emir, la economía, sociedad, ciencia, arte y la planta básica de una mezquita.
Unit 2: Islam
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Los visigodos fueron una tribu germánica que se asentó en varias zonas de Europa tras atacar al Imperio Romano. Crearon el Reino de Tolosa en Galia y luego el Reino de Toledo en Hispania después de cruzar los Pirineos. Su legado incluyó la unificación territorial, religiosa y judicial de Hispania. Sin embargo, en el 711 fueron derrotados por los árabes en la batalla de Guadalete, marcando el fin de su reino.
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The Visigoths were a Germanic tribe that originally came from Scandinavia. After working as mercenaries for Rome, they were given land and money. They eventually settled in parts of modern-day Bulgaria, Romania, France, and Spain. In 410, they sacked Rome. Later, the Visigoths established a kingdom in southern France with its capital in Toulouse. They then expanded into Spain and established another kingdom in Toledo after being driven from Gaul by the Franks. The Visigoths achieved territorial, religious, and legal unification in Hispania through military conquests and the conversion of their King Recaredo to Catholicism. However, their kingdom was eventually conquered by the Umay
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The document summarizes the Early Middle Ages in Europe from the 5th to 10th centuries. It describes the decline of the Western Roman Empire due to economic, political and military crises. In 395 AD, the Roman Empire was divided into Western and Eastern halves. Germanic tribes like the Huns and Visigoths invaded the Western Empire, leading to its collapse in 476 AD. Meanwhile, the Eastern Empire, centered in Constantinople, survived as the Byzantine Empire until 1453. The document also discusses the establishment of Germanic kingdoms in former Roman territories in places like Gaul, Iberia and Italy.
Early Middle Ages - Part 2
The Visigoths were a Germanic tribe that originally came from Scandinavia and worked as mercenaries for the Roman Empire. After sacking Rome in 410, they were given the province of Gaul by the Roman emperor. They established their capital in Toulouse and eventually conquered most of Hispania as well. In 507, the Franks defeated the Visigoths, forcing them to retreat to Hispania where they established their kingdom in Toledo. This Visigothic Kingdom was eventually destroyed by the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711.
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