Atherosclerosis is an artery disease that occur because of bad cholesterol and it is cure by healthy diet and healthy lifestyle and some medications. And its a condition that occur in diabetic patient, obesity, high blood pressure. It is because of plaque formation in Wall of arteries.

1. Patho-physiology of
Atherosclerosis

2. Presented to:
Mam Aqsa Farooq
Presented by:
Javaria Fatima (22)
Department:
Nutritional sciences

3. Pathophysiology:
Definition
Pathophysiology is the study of the
disturbance of normal mechanical, physical,
and biochemical functions, either caused by a
disease, or condition that may not qualify to be
called a disease.
It studies the effects of a disease,
illness, or injury.

4. Atherosclerosis
is the thickening or hardening of
the arteries.
Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats,
cholesterol and other substances in and on the
artery walls. This buildup is called plaque. The
plaque can cause arteries to narrow, blocking blood
flow. The plaque can also burst, leading to a blood
clot.

6. Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis
Hypercholesterolemia is considered one of the main triggers
of atherosclerosis. The increase in plasma cholesterol levels
results in changes of the arterial endothelial permeability that
allow the migration of lipids, especially LDL-C particles, into
the arterial wall.

8. Types of Plaque in
Atherosclerosis
 There are 2 types of Plaque
1. Stable Plaque
2. Unstable plaque

9. Stable Plaque(Hard)
 The stable plaques are less likely to rupture.
 Stable atherosclerotic plaque builds up over time and
causes arteries to become hardened. It can lead to
narrowing of the arteries over time, so much so that
eventually blood flow to the heart and other organs is
restricted. This obstructive stable plaque can be detected
and treated.

10. Unstable Plaque(Soft)
• Unstable plaques can rupture and lift off the
artery wall, leading to an acute event such as
heart attack, stroke or death. Unstable
plaques are potentially more dangerous than
stable plaques because of their propensity to
rupture and cause complete obstruction to
blood flow.

11. Etiology (causes)
The etiology of atherosclerosis is unknown, but there
are multiple factors that contribute to atherosclerotic
plaque progression.
These include genetic and acquired factors. Processes
involved in atherosclerosis include coagulation,
inflammation, lipid metabolism, intimal injury, and
smooth muscle cell proliferation

13. Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of:
• how often diseases occur in people and why.
• information is used to evaluate strategies to
prevent illness
Epidemiological studies have revealed several
environmental and genetic risk factors that are
associated with the early formation of a pathogenic
foundation for atherosclerosis, such
as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus,

14. Who effect the most
 Over the age of 40, Most people over the age of
60 have some atherosclerosis, but often do not
have noticeable symptoms.
 Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in
the United States and worldwide, yet more men
die from atherosclerosis than women, and at a
younger age.

15. The AHA recommends avoiding
these foods for ideal heart health:
 high-fat dairy products.
 fatty meats.
 processed meats.
 processed foods.
 foods and beverages with added sugars.
 food high in sodium.
 alcohol.
 higher protein diets are associated with more
atherosclerosis

17. Treatment Treatment
 lifestyle changes
 medications
 procedures or
surgeries

18.  Depending on the location of your
atherosclerosis:
 you may see a cardiologist (heart)
 nephrologist (kidneys)
 neurologist (brain and spine) or vascular surgeon
(blood vessels)

19. Can atherosclerosis be prevented?
 Eat foods low in saturated fat, trans fat,
cholesterol, sodium (salt) and sugar.
 Get regular physical activity
 Keep a weight that's healthy for you
 Manage any health conditions, especially
diabetes, high blood pressure and high
cholesterol.
 Don't use tobacco products.