The document discusses the use of the passive voice in English. It is used when the actor is unknown, unimportant, or implied. It is also used to make statements more formal or polite, or when the action is more significant than the actor. To form the passive, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence, while the subject becomes an optional prepositional phrase introduced with "by". Tenses and verbs are also discussed in forming the passive voice.

2. USE:
WE USE THE PASSIVE:
• When the person who carries out the action is
unknown, unimportant or obvious from the
context.
• When the action itself is more important than
the person who carries it out, as in news
headlines, newspaper articles, formal notices,
instructions, advertisements, etc.
• To make statements more formal or polite.

3. Changing from active to passive:
 The object of the active sentence becomes the
subject of the passive sentence.
 The active verb remains in the same tense, but
changes into a passive form.
 The subject of the active sentence becomes the
agent, and is either introduced with the
preposition by or omitted
ACTIVE SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
PASSIVE SUBJECT VERB OBJECT

4.  By + Agent, With + Insrument/ Material/
Ingredient
 The agent can be omitted when the subject is
they, so./sb., people, one, etc.
 The agent isn’t omitted when it is a specific or
important person, or when it is essential to the
meaning of the sentence.
 With the verbs which take two objects such as
bring, tell, offer, pay, send, promise, buy, lend,
write, give, etc. We can make 2 different passive
sentence:

5. He gave her a cookery book. (active)
She was given a cookery book. (passive, more usual)
A cookery book was given to her. (passive, less
usual)
 In passive questions with who, whom or which
we do not omit by. For example:
Who cooked this meal? (Active)
Who was this meal cooked by? (Passive)

6.  PRESENT PROGRESSIVE  HE IS WASHING THE CAR.  THE CAR IS BEING WASHED (BY
HIM)
 SİMPLE PRESENT  HE WASHES THE CAR.  THE CAR IS WASHED (BY HIM)
 SİMPLE PAST  HE WASHED THE CAR.  THE CAR WAS WASHED (BY
HIM)
 PAST PROGRESSIVE  HE WAS WASHING THE
CAR.
 THE CAR WAS BEING WASHED
(BY HIM)
 PRESENT PERFECT  HE HAS WASHED THE CAR.  THE CAR HAS BEEN WASHED
(BY HIM)
 PAST PERFECT  HE HAD WASHEDTHE CAR.  THE CAR HAD BEEN WASHED
(BY HIM)
 SİMPLE FUTURE  HE WILL WASH THE CAR.  THE CAR WILL BE WASHED (BY
HIM)
 BE GOING TO  HE IS GOING TO WASH THE
CAR.
 THE CAR IS GOING TO BE
WASHED (BY HIM)
 FUTURE PERFECT  HE WILL HAVE WASHED
THE CAR.
 THE CAR WILL HAVE BEEN
WASHED (BY HIM)

7.  PRESENT PROGRESSIVE  TO BE + BEING+ V3(PP)
 SİMPLE PRESENT  TO BE + V3(PP)
 SİMPLE PAST  TO BE (V2) + V3(PP)
 PAST PROGRESSIVE  TO BE (V2) + BEING + V3(PP)
 PRESENT PERFECT  HAVE/HAS + BEEN+ V3(PP)
 PAST PERFECT  HAD + BEEN + V3(PP)
 SİMPLE FUTURE  WILL+ BE + V3(PP)
 BE GOING TO  IS GOING TO+ BE + V3(PP)
 FUTURE PERFECT  WILL HAVE+ BEEN + V3(PP)
 MODALS  MODAL + BE + V3(PP)

8. IMPORTANT POINTS
• VERB HAVE TO BE TRANSITIVE.
• IF WE WANT TO FORM A PASSIVE SENTENCE, WE NEED
AN OBJECT IN THE SENTENCE.
• PASSIVE IS USUALLY USE IN THE WRITTEN ENGLISH.