This document summarizes the participant sampling and recruitment process for a research study. It discusses:
- Obtaining informed consent from participants and ensuring their confidentiality.
- Using purposive sampling to recruit experienced nurses currently working as court liaison nurses.
- Developing and piloting a survey questionnaire to collect demographic data and opinions from participants.
- Conducting semi-structured interviews with 6 nurse participants to obtain detailed descriptions of their experiences in the court liaison nurse role.
The document outlines a research plan that examines the underlying factors affecting the age at which women choose to have children in New Zealand. The researcher plans to use qualitative methodology and purposive sampling to conduct in-depth interviews exploring women's views on this topic. Thematic analysis will be used to identify common themes in the data regarding factors influencing birth timing. If conducted, the study could provide insights for health professionals to better support women's needs. Rigorous ethical and cultural considerations will be applied to ensure voluntary and informed participation from a diverse sample.
Clinical practice critical_research_paper essay sample from assignmentsupport...https://writeessayuk.com/
The document summarizes a qualitative research study that analyzed paradoxical realities in everyday clinical practice through interviews and surveys across 13 healthcare organizations in Canada. Key themes identified included near misses as a metaphor for system vulnerabilities, factors contributing to near misses like communication issues, and strategies for safer processes like improved training. Researchers conducted ethics-approved interviews with healthcare professionals and patients on their experiences. Data analysis identified major themes around system gaps and opportunities for enhanced safety. The rigorous study provided valuable insights into improving the healthcare system.
21 hours ago
Tami Frazier
Initial Discussion Post
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
NURS 6052 – Essentials of Evidence-Based Protocols
Week 7 Initial Discussion Post
Qualitative Design
Evidence-based research provides quality information that is tested and proven to be credible and reliable. For this post, I will discuss the qualitative design used in a study by Vandyk, Young, MacPhee & Gillis (2018) on Exploring the Experiences of Persons Who Frequently Visit the Emergency Department for Mental Health-Related Reasons. The qualitative study I chose uses interpretive design as the methodology to decipher information that was clinically significant (Vandyk, Young, MacPhee, & Gillis, 2018). The interpretive design focuses on themes and patterns from participants to make informed decisions regarding the patient experience (Vandyk et al., 2018). This type of design assumes that numerous theories can be interpreted to provide vital information that can encourage change in clinical practices.
This study was initiated to explore and gain insight into the experiences of mental health patients who visit the emergency department (ED) repeatedly. It is estimated that psych patients present to the ED five times more than other patients (Vandyk et al., 2018). These patients are often met by unfriendly ED staff who are annoyed because of their frequent visits. The purpose of this study was to openly interview ten participants who had visited the ED 12 or more times within a year and discuss their experiences (Vandyk et al., 2018). The ethical considerations included obtaining informed consent from the participants, the interviewers could not have a prior relationship with the participants, and data was anonymized in team meanings in order to discuss findings (Vandyk et al., 2018). The researchers used these considerations to control bias and protect patient’s rights.
The use of a qualitative interpretive design uncovered themes from the interview findings. Based on Williamson (2009), qualitative research seeks to define the participants experience through insight and reality. These insights produced themes consisting of the participant’s experience, the provider's response to them, and protective factors used to motivate patients outside of the hospital setting (Vandyk et al., 2018).
Conversely, a quantitative design is better used to gather evidence that is precise and easily decodable (Polit & Beck, 2017). If a quantitative design were used in this study, it would skew the results because the number of participants was minimal and the evidence was not easily deciphered. Also, when assessing a patient’s thoughts, emotions, and personal observations, there is no precise measurement available. Therefore, it is essential to use the correct research design in order to provide information that is correct, valid, and reliable.
References
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assess.
Conducting research with indigenous peoples and communitiesDr Lendy Spires
This document provides an overview of research approaches and best practices for conducting research with Indigenous communities in Australia, particularly related to crime and justice issues. It discusses past criticisms of research that did not properly involve or empower Indigenous people. More recent approaches aim to improve research practices through funding for Indigenous researchers and institutions, ethical guidelines, and methodologies that emphasize participation and collaboration. The document outlines key considerations for research design, ethical frameworks, challenges, and promising practices, using examples from Australia, New Zealand and Canada.
An informed consent training program was developed at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Intramural Research Program to improve the informed consent process. The training program consisted of a 24-minute video demonstrating effective communication techniques during an informed consent discussion, and a didactic presentation covering regulatory requirements. Thirty-four physicians and eighty nurses participated in the training and completed pre- and post-tests to assess knowledge gained. Both groups showed a statistically significant increase in scores from the pre-test to the post-test, indicating the training improved understanding of informed consent requirements and communication skills. The training emphasized conveying information through clear language, building rapport, allowing time for questions, and ensuring a private environment for the discussion.
This dissertation aimed to investigate whether comprehension of an informed consent form (ICF) differed between participants who read a standard ICF versus those who viewed a multimedia presentation of the ICF. The study used a validated instrument to assess comprehension and collected demographic data from participants after they received one of the two presentations. Previous research on ICF comprehension has shown variable results and has primarily focused on vulnerable populations rather than healthy subjects in Phase I clinical trials. The study hypothesized that the multimedia presentation group would have higher comprehension scores based on Mayer's Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning, which posits that people learn better when information is received through two channels rather than one. The results of the study could help improve the informed consent process and protect research participants if
Naidu and Darong 2015. When Illness is more than just a Sick BodyGabriel Darong
This document discusses a study that explored how isiZulu-speaking nurses in South Africa understand illness and healing. The study was conducted through ethnographic research including interviews and observation of nurses at a hospital in Durban, South Africa. The findings suggest that the nurses viewed illness as something wrong with the physical body, and understood sickness in relation to the body not functioning normally due to various causes like allergies, weather conditions, or dust inhalation. The nurses acknowledged that their understandings of illness are influenced by both their nursing training and traditional cultural beliefs.
Running head PLANNING STAGE 2-(DESIGN PHASE) OF A RESEARCH PROJEC.docxjeanettehully
Running head: PLANNING STAGE 2-(DESIGN PHASE) OF A RESEARCH PROJECT 1
PLANNING STAGE 2- (DESIGN PHASE) OF A RESEARCH PROJECT 8
Planning Stage 2- (Design Phase) of a Research Project
Student name
Florida National University
Planning Stage 2- (Design Phase) of a Research Project
Heart failure is one of the most common types of chronic conditions among the elderly, which results into increased readmissions globally. This statistic is attributable to poor coordination and communication in the transition care settings. The various care settings include skilled nursing facilities, acute-care hospitals, long-standing care facilities and ambulatory stay (Naylor et al., 2017). This research paper is aimed at investigating the reason for poor continuity of care in transition care facilities. A detailed literature review was performed regarding the standard of care in such settings for patients with heart failure. The research methodologies used include case study methods, interviews, and administration of questionnaires. Probability and non-probability methods including stratified sampling and convenience sampling were used as the sampling methodologies. The necessary tools for data collection include questionnaires, interviews, schedules and observation techniques. In addition, an algorithm was created during this design phase. Thus, an insight into the design phase is sought and discussed herein.
Literature Review
Heart failure is a prolonged condition that has been highlighted as one of the top causes of public health complications in the world. The American Journal of Accountable care provides detailed information on heart failure as a public health problem. According to this journal, there are numerous causes of readmission of patients undergoing the transition care model (A Literature Review of Heart Failure Transitional Care Interventions, 2019). The journal highlights various issues, such as early discharge, poor management of underlying problems, poor coordination among key stakeholders and early discharge of patients as the major causes of readmission. All such issues can, however, be prevented and thus this research will discuss some of the coping methods. In addition, the US medical beneficiaries discuss the quality and safety in the transition care model (Teno et al. , 2018). Some of the beneficiaries state their experiences following being admitted into the transition care model. This article complements the previous article by adding real life case study analysis of patients who have been previously admitted to the transition care. Further, interviews of clinicians working in the transition care model are highlighted with an explanation of failure to conduct follow up visits of particular patients.
The American Journal of Public Health explores the affordability of the transition care and the quality of care that some patients can be able to afford. The article has explored the ...
The document outlines a research plan that examines the underlying factors affecting the age at which women choose to have children in New Zealand. The researcher plans to use qualitative methodology and purposive sampling to conduct in-depth interviews exploring women's views on this topic. Thematic analysis will be used to identify common themes in the data regarding factors influencing birth timing. If conducted, the study could provide insights for health professionals to better support women's needs. Rigorous ethical and cultural considerations will be applied to ensure voluntary and informed participation from a diverse sample.
Clinical practice critical_research_paper essay sample from assignmentsupport...https://writeessayuk.com/
The document summarizes a qualitative research study that analyzed paradoxical realities in everyday clinical practice through interviews and surveys across 13 healthcare organizations in Canada. Key themes identified included near misses as a metaphor for system vulnerabilities, factors contributing to near misses like communication issues, and strategies for safer processes like improved training. Researchers conducted ethics-approved interviews with healthcare professionals and patients on their experiences. Data analysis identified major themes around system gaps and opportunities for enhanced safety. The rigorous study provided valuable insights into improving the healthcare system.
21 hours ago
Tami Frazier
Initial Discussion Post
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
NURS 6052 – Essentials of Evidence-Based Protocols
Week 7 Initial Discussion Post
Qualitative Design
Evidence-based research provides quality information that is tested and proven to be credible and reliable. For this post, I will discuss the qualitative design used in a study by Vandyk, Young, MacPhee & Gillis (2018) on Exploring the Experiences of Persons Who Frequently Visit the Emergency Department for Mental Health-Related Reasons. The qualitative study I chose uses interpretive design as the methodology to decipher information that was clinically significant (Vandyk, Young, MacPhee, & Gillis, 2018). The interpretive design focuses on themes and patterns from participants to make informed decisions regarding the patient experience (Vandyk et al., 2018). This type of design assumes that numerous theories can be interpreted to provide vital information that can encourage change in clinical practices.
This study was initiated to explore and gain insight into the experiences of mental health patients who visit the emergency department (ED) repeatedly. It is estimated that psych patients present to the ED five times more than other patients (Vandyk et al., 2018). These patients are often met by unfriendly ED staff who are annoyed because of their frequent visits. The purpose of this study was to openly interview ten participants who had visited the ED 12 or more times within a year and discuss their experiences (Vandyk et al., 2018). The ethical considerations included obtaining informed consent from the participants, the interviewers could not have a prior relationship with the participants, and data was anonymized in team meanings in order to discuss findings (Vandyk et al., 2018). The researchers used these considerations to control bias and protect patient’s rights.
The use of a qualitative interpretive design uncovered themes from the interview findings. Based on Williamson (2009), qualitative research seeks to define the participants experience through insight and reality. These insights produced themes consisting of the participant’s experience, the provider's response to them, and protective factors used to motivate patients outside of the hospital setting (Vandyk et al., 2018).
Conversely, a quantitative design is better used to gather evidence that is precise and easily decodable (Polit & Beck, 2017). If a quantitative design were used in this study, it would skew the results because the number of participants was minimal and the evidence was not easily deciphered. Also, when assessing a patient’s thoughts, emotions, and personal observations, there is no precise measurement available. Therefore, it is essential to use the correct research design in order to provide information that is correct, valid, and reliable.
References
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assess.
Conducting research with indigenous peoples and communitiesDr Lendy Spires
This document provides an overview of research approaches and best practices for conducting research with Indigenous communities in Australia, particularly related to crime and justice issues. It discusses past criticisms of research that did not properly involve or empower Indigenous people. More recent approaches aim to improve research practices through funding for Indigenous researchers and institutions, ethical guidelines, and methodologies that emphasize participation and collaboration. The document outlines key considerations for research design, ethical frameworks, challenges, and promising practices, using examples from Australia, New Zealand and Canada.
An informed consent training program was developed at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Intramural Research Program to improve the informed consent process. The training program consisted of a 24-minute video demonstrating effective communication techniques during an informed consent discussion, and a didactic presentation covering regulatory requirements. Thirty-four physicians and eighty nurses participated in the training and completed pre- and post-tests to assess knowledge gained. Both groups showed a statistically significant increase in scores from the pre-test to the post-test, indicating the training improved understanding of informed consent requirements and communication skills. The training emphasized conveying information through clear language, building rapport, allowing time for questions, and ensuring a private environment for the discussion.
This dissertation aimed to investigate whether comprehension of an informed consent form (ICF) differed between participants who read a standard ICF versus those who viewed a multimedia presentation of the ICF. The study used a validated instrument to assess comprehension and collected demographic data from participants after they received one of the two presentations. Previous research on ICF comprehension has shown variable results and has primarily focused on vulnerable populations rather than healthy subjects in Phase I clinical trials. The study hypothesized that the multimedia presentation group would have higher comprehension scores based on Mayer's Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning, which posits that people learn better when information is received through two channels rather than one. The results of the study could help improve the informed consent process and protect research participants if
Naidu and Darong 2015. When Illness is more than just a Sick BodyGabriel Darong
This document discusses a study that explored how isiZulu-speaking nurses in South Africa understand illness and healing. The study was conducted through ethnographic research including interviews and observation of nurses at a hospital in Durban, South Africa. The findings suggest that the nurses viewed illness as something wrong with the physical body, and understood sickness in relation to the body not functioning normally due to various causes like allergies, weather conditions, or dust inhalation. The nurses acknowledged that their understandings of illness are influenced by both their nursing training and traditional cultural beliefs.
Running head PLANNING STAGE 2-(DESIGN PHASE) OF A RESEARCH PROJEC.docxjeanettehully
Running head: PLANNING STAGE 2-(DESIGN PHASE) OF A RESEARCH PROJECT 1
PLANNING STAGE 2- (DESIGN PHASE) OF A RESEARCH PROJECT 8
Planning Stage 2- (Design Phase) of a Research Project
Student name
Florida National University
Planning Stage 2- (Design Phase) of a Research Project
Heart failure is one of the most common types of chronic conditions among the elderly, which results into increased readmissions globally. This statistic is attributable to poor coordination and communication in the transition care settings. The various care settings include skilled nursing facilities, acute-care hospitals, long-standing care facilities and ambulatory stay (Naylor et al., 2017). This research paper is aimed at investigating the reason for poor continuity of care in transition care facilities. A detailed literature review was performed regarding the standard of care in such settings for patients with heart failure. The research methodologies used include case study methods, interviews, and administration of questionnaires. Probability and non-probability methods including stratified sampling and convenience sampling were used as the sampling methodologies. The necessary tools for data collection include questionnaires, interviews, schedules and observation techniques. In addition, an algorithm was created during this design phase. Thus, an insight into the design phase is sought and discussed herein.
Literature Review
Heart failure is a prolonged condition that has been highlighted as one of the top causes of public health complications in the world. The American Journal of Accountable care provides detailed information on heart failure as a public health problem. According to this journal, there are numerous causes of readmission of patients undergoing the transition care model (A Literature Review of Heart Failure Transitional Care Interventions, 2019). The journal highlights various issues, such as early discharge, poor management of underlying problems, poor coordination among key stakeholders and early discharge of patients as the major causes of readmission. All such issues can, however, be prevented and thus this research will discuss some of the coping methods. In addition, the US medical beneficiaries discuss the quality and safety in the transition care model (Teno et al. , 2018). Some of the beneficiaries state their experiences following being admitted into the transition care model. This article complements the previous article by adding real life case study analysis of patients who have been previously admitted to the transition care. Further, interviews of clinicians working in the transition care model are highlighted with an explanation of failure to conduct follow up visits of particular patients.
The American Journal of Public Health explores the affordability of the transition care and the quality of care that some patients can be able to afford. The article has explored the ...
Here are some of the key factors that can influence brand loyalty according to the passage:
- Brand image and reputation - Consumers are loyal to brands that have a strong, positive image and reputation. Renowned brands like Nike, Adidas, and Puma have built up their brand image over many years which attracts loyal customers.
- Product quality - Customers are more likely to stick with brands that offer high quality, durable products. Smaller companies may struggle to match the product quality of larger brands.
- Innovation - Brands that continuously innovate their product lines and keep designs fresh are more appealing to customers. Innovation helps brands stay relevant.
- Marketing activities - Aggressive marketing campaigns can boost
Research in Nursing: A Guide to Understanding Research Designs and TechniquesAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Nurses like any other professionals are expected to participate in research studies since nursing
is a science that is fast evolving. Research in nursing paves the way for high quality, evidence-based nursing
care. Findings from research highly informs quality nursing practice. Nursing practice needs to be research
based; hence, it is worth commending that all nurses understand research techniques and designs and be
involved in research. However, some bedside nurses are not aware of the relationship between research and the
quality of care provided to patients. Such nurses need to be aware of the importance of research in nursing and
get on board. There are different types of research designs and methods, and the type of design employed for a
particular study will determine the methods to be used for that study. Generally, the different types of study
designs include experimental and non-experimental research designs which can be used according to the need to
answer many questions in the field of nursing. Thus, this paper gives an overview of research designs and
methods in order to provide novice nurses with the basics of research methodology. This istoensure that nurses
have an understanding of the research process and participate in research activities. This will in turn ensure that
quality care which is evidenced-based is rendered to all patients.
Qualitative And Quantitative Research MethodologiesMegan Jones
This document discusses qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. It notes that both methods are important to effectively use knowledge about topics under study and reflect findings. Qualitative research involves analyzing words, pictures or objects and requires interpretation, while quantitative research can gather large amounts of numerical data for analysis. The document advocates adopting both methodologies as an early childhood educator.
The document discusses the methodology used for research on a topic in sociology. The researcher will use a structured questionnaire as their method. They will first create a pilot questionnaire and test it on a small group to ensure it collects relevant information. If successful, they will distribute a larger-scale version to gather data from a broader sample. Using a questionnaire allows the researcher to efficiently obtain information from many participants and cover a wide range of topics through a small set of focused questions.
This document provides an overview of case study methodology. It defines a case study as an in-depth analysis of an individual, group, or event within its real-life context. Case studies can be used to answer "how" and "why" questions, and are appropriate when behaviors cannot be manipulated or contexts are relevant. Information is gathered through various sources like interviews and documents. Steps involved in a case study include planning, developing instruments, collecting data, analyzing data, and disseminating findings. Potential sources of information and common elements of a case study are also outlined.
The Dual Diagnosis Service Users Essay.pdfThe Dual Diagnosis Service Users EssayJan Champagne
This document discusses grounded theory, which is a qualitative research methodology. Grounded theory aims to build inductive theories through systematic collection and analysis of data. Researchers collect data through methods like interviews and observations and analyze it using coding to identify concepts and themes in the data and develop theoretical explanations. Grounded theory focuses on understanding the perspectives and experiences of research participants to develop theories grounded in the data itself rather than testing existing hypotheses.
This document discusses the case study approach to research. It begins by defining a case study as an in-depth exploration of a complex issue within its real-world context. The document then discusses different types of case studies, how they are conducted, and common challenges. Key points include: 1) Case studies can explore issues, events, or phenomena, 2) They use multiple data sources to provide a nuanced understanding, 3) Challenges include maintaining objectivity and generalizing from a single case.
Research Evaluation And Data Collection MethodsJessica Robles
The document discusses research evaluation and data collection methods used by Healthy People 2020, a US government program that sets national health objectives. It identifies measuring objectives, increasing public awareness of health determinants, providing measurable goals, engaging stakeholders, and identifying research methods as key missions. Healthy People 2020 aims to improve quality and length of life, achieve health equity, create health-promoting environments, and promote well-being across all life stages. One focus area is reducing the disease and economic burden of diabetes and improving quality of life for those with diabetes.
RESEARCH 3Is PRESENTATION ON RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY.pptxodyson1
The document outlines the research design for a study examining hospital staff's perceptions of public hospital structures in Santiago City using a phenomenological approach. The study will use semi-structured interviews, document review, and naturalistic and controlled observation to gather data from purposively sampled professionals at a public hospital. Data will be analyzed through coding, categorization, and theme identification. Ethical considerations like informed consent, confidentiality, and the Belmont Report's principles of beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice will be followed.
This document provides guidance on how to design and conduct a case study for evaluation purposes. It defines what a case study is and discusses when they are appropriate. The advantages and limitations of case studies are outlined. The process for developing and conducting a case study is described in detail, including planning, developing data collection instruments, collecting data from multiple sources, analyzing the data, and disseminating findings. Potential elements of a case study report are provided, with examples.
Knowledge transfer, and evidence informed health policy-minster's meetingDr Ghaiath Hussein
This document discusses knowledge transfer between researchers and policymakers. It begins with an overview of the knowledge cycle and evidence-based healthcare. It notes that while researchers seek truth and policymakers seek compromise, their common goal is improving public health. The document recommends establishing units to facilitate knowledge transfer and decision support. It also suggests training policymakers to identify how research can help and accessing evidence to inform decisions. The overall message is that researchers and policymakers must understand each other and work together toward their shared goal of improving health outcomes.
Social and Therapeutic Horticulture in the UK: The Growing Together StudyBenBeckers
The document summarizes a study on social and therapeutic horticulture (STH) projects in the UK. The study surveyed over 800 active STH projects and conducted in-depth case studies of 25 projects. It found that STH projects provide benefits for vulnerable groups, including those with mental illness or learning disabilities. STH activities give participants a daily structure and sense of purpose through gardening. Projects help promote social inclusion and many clients spend significant time, about 5 hours, multiple days a week engaged in the activities. However, few clients directly transition to paid employment from their involvement in STH projects.
This document discusses the research methodology used for a case study on the Festive Chicken poultry processing factory in South Africa. Both quantitative and qualitative methods will be used, including surveys with 100+ employees and interviews. The target population is the 2500 employees. Convenience and judgmental sampling will be used to select participants. Data will be collected through questionnaires and interviews to explore issues related to implementation at the factory. The research aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the case study using mixed methods.
Author & TitleAuthors Maggie Lawrence & Sue Kinn.Title Need.docxrock73
This study explored the experiences of family members of young adults who had strokes through qualitative interviews. The researchers conducted 24 interviews with 11 family member participants over 2 years. They found that family members experienced disrupted relationships, felt their lives were taken for granted, and developed a sense of uncertainty and worry. The study highlights the need for rehabilitation professionals to acknowledge family concerns and provide psychological support to facilitate recovery. It provides evidence for adopting a family-centered approach to rehabilitation.
You are the information technology manager of an.docx4934bk
The IT manager of an 80-bed long-term care facility was tasked by the Board of Directors and CIO to create a 1-2 page report on private databases and doctor-patient privilege. The report aims to summarize the types of data stored in private health databases and whether it is protected by specific regulations or doctor-patient privilege. Private databases store confidential patient information like medical history and treatment plans. This data is regulated under laws like HIPAA which require security and privacy of sensitive medical information. Doctor-patient privilege legally protects confidential patient information and communications, though it has limits such as in response to court orders.
Your parents gave you up for adoption at a.docx4934bk
Your biological parents gave you up for adoption as a young child because they could not financially support you at the time. Thirty years later, they found you and one of your biological parents needs a kidney transplant. You are the best match to donate a kidney. You must determine whether you have a moral obligation to donate your kidney to your biological parent based on philosophical perspectives of ethics and your own cultural worldview.
The document provides instructions for writing a paper that examines messages and images in various forms of media from a social science perspective. Students are asked to choose a type of media, observe advertisements or other elements, note any themes in how groups are portrayed, analyze the data socially and scientifically, and write a 3 page paper with sections for description of the media examined, descriptions of ads or elements, an analysis, and a conclusion.
This document outlines a research plan to study Apple Airpod consumers and sales. The plan involves conducting ethnographic research through visits to Apple stores to observe customer interactions with Airpod displays and paths through the store. It also includes online research and surveying Airpod users about their purchase decisions and opinions of the product. The type of data to be collected is listed as answers from Airpod users, store traffic patterns, Airpod sales data, and purchased complementary products. A questionnaire for Airpod users and tools for tracking purchases and mapping customer traffic are presented as the means of data collection.
Europeans initially settled along the Atlantic coast for economic reasons like fishing and fur trading. England gradually took control of land held by other European countries like France and Spain through military conflicts and agreements. The early English colonies were strongly influenced by religion as different religious groups fled persecution in Europe and established colonies with religious freedom and self-governance in mind, though these colonies were still subject to oversight and laws passed in English Parliament.
Write about interactions in the premodern world.docx4934bk
Friar John of Pian de Carpine and William of Rubruck each provided descriptions of the Mongol court in the 13th century. Using these primary sources, the essay argues that the Mongol Empire significantly shaped cross-cultural exchange through its interactions with other societies. The analysis focuses specifically on the assigned course materials regarding the Mongol Empire and the primary source descriptions of the Mongol court to make a persuasive case about the Empire's role in cultural diffusion across Eurasia.
The document instructs students to watch two Frontline videos, "The Confessions" and "The Plea", and write a 2-4 page reaction paper about one of the videos. Students must watch "The Confessions" by week 11 and "The Plea" during week 11. Their paper should summarize the content of the chosen video and discuss their reaction to it based on course materials and personal experiences. The paper is due by the end of week 12.
This document provides instructions for a short research paper on a topic related to World War II or the 1920s. The paper must be 3-5 double-spaced pages long using 12-point Times New Roman font with 1-inch margins. At least two credible academic sources must be cited using APA, MLA, or Chicago style. The paper should include a cover page with identifying information, bibliography, clear thesis statement, argument defending the thesis, and conclusion restates the argument. Acceptable topics include specific events like D-Day or social developments like flappers and fashion. The source material and all non-original content must be properly cited.
More Related Content
Similar to Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay Paper.docx
Here are some of the key factors that can influence brand loyalty according to the passage:
- Brand image and reputation - Consumers are loyal to brands that have a strong, positive image and reputation. Renowned brands like Nike, Adidas, and Puma have built up their brand image over many years which attracts loyal customers.
- Product quality - Customers are more likely to stick with brands that offer high quality, durable products. Smaller companies may struggle to match the product quality of larger brands.
- Innovation - Brands that continuously innovate their product lines and keep designs fresh are more appealing to customers. Innovation helps brands stay relevant.
- Marketing activities - Aggressive marketing campaigns can boost
Research in Nursing: A Guide to Understanding Research Designs and TechniquesAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Nurses like any other professionals are expected to participate in research studies since nursing
is a science that is fast evolving. Research in nursing paves the way for high quality, evidence-based nursing
care. Findings from research highly informs quality nursing practice. Nursing practice needs to be research
based; hence, it is worth commending that all nurses understand research techniques and designs and be
involved in research. However, some bedside nurses are not aware of the relationship between research and the
quality of care provided to patients. Such nurses need to be aware of the importance of research in nursing and
get on board. There are different types of research designs and methods, and the type of design employed for a
particular study will determine the methods to be used for that study. Generally, the different types of study
designs include experimental and non-experimental research designs which can be used according to the need to
answer many questions in the field of nursing. Thus, this paper gives an overview of research designs and
methods in order to provide novice nurses with the basics of research methodology. This istoensure that nurses
have an understanding of the research process and participate in research activities. This will in turn ensure that
quality care which is evidenced-based is rendered to all patients.
Qualitative And Quantitative Research MethodologiesMegan Jones
This document discusses qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. It notes that both methods are important to effectively use knowledge about topics under study and reflect findings. Qualitative research involves analyzing words, pictures or objects and requires interpretation, while quantitative research can gather large amounts of numerical data for analysis. The document advocates adopting both methodologies as an early childhood educator.
The document discusses the methodology used for research on a topic in sociology. The researcher will use a structured questionnaire as their method. They will first create a pilot questionnaire and test it on a small group to ensure it collects relevant information. If successful, they will distribute a larger-scale version to gather data from a broader sample. Using a questionnaire allows the researcher to efficiently obtain information from many participants and cover a wide range of topics through a small set of focused questions.
This document provides an overview of case study methodology. It defines a case study as an in-depth analysis of an individual, group, or event within its real-life context. Case studies can be used to answer "how" and "why" questions, and are appropriate when behaviors cannot be manipulated or contexts are relevant. Information is gathered through various sources like interviews and documents. Steps involved in a case study include planning, developing instruments, collecting data, analyzing data, and disseminating findings. Potential sources of information and common elements of a case study are also outlined.
The Dual Diagnosis Service Users Essay.pdfThe Dual Diagnosis Service Users EssayJan Champagne
This document discusses grounded theory, which is a qualitative research methodology. Grounded theory aims to build inductive theories through systematic collection and analysis of data. Researchers collect data through methods like interviews and observations and analyze it using coding to identify concepts and themes in the data and develop theoretical explanations. Grounded theory focuses on understanding the perspectives and experiences of research participants to develop theories grounded in the data itself rather than testing existing hypotheses.
This document discusses the case study approach to research. It begins by defining a case study as an in-depth exploration of a complex issue within its real-world context. The document then discusses different types of case studies, how they are conducted, and common challenges. Key points include: 1) Case studies can explore issues, events, or phenomena, 2) They use multiple data sources to provide a nuanced understanding, 3) Challenges include maintaining objectivity and generalizing from a single case.
Research Evaluation And Data Collection MethodsJessica Robles
The document discusses research evaluation and data collection methods used by Healthy People 2020, a US government program that sets national health objectives. It identifies measuring objectives, increasing public awareness of health determinants, providing measurable goals, engaging stakeholders, and identifying research methods as key missions. Healthy People 2020 aims to improve quality and length of life, achieve health equity, create health-promoting environments, and promote well-being across all life stages. One focus area is reducing the disease and economic burden of diabetes and improving quality of life for those with diabetes.
RESEARCH 3Is PRESENTATION ON RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY.pptxodyson1
The document outlines the research design for a study examining hospital staff's perceptions of public hospital structures in Santiago City using a phenomenological approach. The study will use semi-structured interviews, document review, and naturalistic and controlled observation to gather data from purposively sampled professionals at a public hospital. Data will be analyzed through coding, categorization, and theme identification. Ethical considerations like informed consent, confidentiality, and the Belmont Report's principles of beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice will be followed.
This document provides guidance on how to design and conduct a case study for evaluation purposes. It defines what a case study is and discusses when they are appropriate. The advantages and limitations of case studies are outlined. The process for developing and conducting a case study is described in detail, including planning, developing data collection instruments, collecting data from multiple sources, analyzing the data, and disseminating findings. Potential elements of a case study report are provided, with examples.
Knowledge transfer, and evidence informed health policy-minster's meetingDr Ghaiath Hussein
This document discusses knowledge transfer between researchers and policymakers. It begins with an overview of the knowledge cycle and evidence-based healthcare. It notes that while researchers seek truth and policymakers seek compromise, their common goal is improving public health. The document recommends establishing units to facilitate knowledge transfer and decision support. It also suggests training policymakers to identify how research can help and accessing evidence to inform decisions. The overall message is that researchers and policymakers must understand each other and work together toward their shared goal of improving health outcomes.
Social and Therapeutic Horticulture in the UK: The Growing Together StudyBenBeckers
The document summarizes a study on social and therapeutic horticulture (STH) projects in the UK. The study surveyed over 800 active STH projects and conducted in-depth case studies of 25 projects. It found that STH projects provide benefits for vulnerable groups, including those with mental illness or learning disabilities. STH activities give participants a daily structure and sense of purpose through gardening. Projects help promote social inclusion and many clients spend significant time, about 5 hours, multiple days a week engaged in the activities. However, few clients directly transition to paid employment from their involvement in STH projects.
This document discusses the research methodology used for a case study on the Festive Chicken poultry processing factory in South Africa. Both quantitative and qualitative methods will be used, including surveys with 100+ employees and interviews. The target population is the 2500 employees. Convenience and judgmental sampling will be used to select participants. Data will be collected through questionnaires and interviews to explore issues related to implementation at the factory. The research aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the case study using mixed methods.
Author & TitleAuthors Maggie Lawrence & Sue Kinn.Title Need.docxrock73
This study explored the experiences of family members of young adults who had strokes through qualitative interviews. The researchers conducted 24 interviews with 11 family member participants over 2 years. They found that family members experienced disrupted relationships, felt their lives were taken for granted, and developed a sense of uncertainty and worry. The study highlights the need for rehabilitation professionals to acknowledge family concerns and provide psychological support to facilitate recovery. It provides evidence for adopting a family-centered approach to rehabilitation.
Similar to Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay Paper.docx (14)
You are the information technology manager of an.docx4934bk
The IT manager of an 80-bed long-term care facility was tasked by the Board of Directors and CIO to create a 1-2 page report on private databases and doctor-patient privilege. The report aims to summarize the types of data stored in private health databases and whether it is protected by specific regulations or doctor-patient privilege. Private databases store confidential patient information like medical history and treatment plans. This data is regulated under laws like HIPAA which require security and privacy of sensitive medical information. Doctor-patient privilege legally protects confidential patient information and communications, though it has limits such as in response to court orders.
Your parents gave you up for adoption at a.docx4934bk
Your biological parents gave you up for adoption as a young child because they could not financially support you at the time. Thirty years later, they found you and one of your biological parents needs a kidney transplant. You are the best match to donate a kidney. You must determine whether you have a moral obligation to donate your kidney to your biological parent based on philosophical perspectives of ethics and your own cultural worldview.
The document provides instructions for writing a paper that examines messages and images in various forms of media from a social science perspective. Students are asked to choose a type of media, observe advertisements or other elements, note any themes in how groups are portrayed, analyze the data socially and scientifically, and write a 3 page paper with sections for description of the media examined, descriptions of ads or elements, an analysis, and a conclusion.
This document outlines a research plan to study Apple Airpod consumers and sales. The plan involves conducting ethnographic research through visits to Apple stores to observe customer interactions with Airpod displays and paths through the store. It also includes online research and surveying Airpod users about their purchase decisions and opinions of the product. The type of data to be collected is listed as answers from Airpod users, store traffic patterns, Airpod sales data, and purchased complementary products. A questionnaire for Airpod users and tools for tracking purchases and mapping customer traffic are presented as the means of data collection.
Europeans initially settled along the Atlantic coast for economic reasons like fishing and fur trading. England gradually took control of land held by other European countries like France and Spain through military conflicts and agreements. The early English colonies were strongly influenced by religion as different religious groups fled persecution in Europe and established colonies with religious freedom and self-governance in mind, though these colonies were still subject to oversight and laws passed in English Parliament.
Write about interactions in the premodern world.docx4934bk
Friar John of Pian de Carpine and William of Rubruck each provided descriptions of the Mongol court in the 13th century. Using these primary sources, the essay argues that the Mongol Empire significantly shaped cross-cultural exchange through its interactions with other societies. The analysis focuses specifically on the assigned course materials regarding the Mongol Empire and the primary source descriptions of the Mongol court to make a persuasive case about the Empire's role in cultural diffusion across Eurasia.
The document instructs students to watch two Frontline videos, "The Confessions" and "The Plea", and write a 2-4 page reaction paper about one of the videos. Students must watch "The Confessions" by week 11 and "The Plea" during week 11. Their paper should summarize the content of the chosen video and discuss their reaction to it based on course materials and personal experiences. The paper is due by the end of week 12.
This document provides instructions for a short research paper on a topic related to World War II or the 1920s. The paper must be 3-5 double-spaced pages long using 12-point Times New Roman font with 1-inch margins. At least two credible academic sources must be cited using APA, MLA, or Chicago style. The paper should include a cover page with identifying information, bibliography, clear thesis statement, argument defending the thesis, and conclusion restates the argument. Acceptable topics include specific events like D-Day or social developments like flappers and fashion. The source material and all non-original content must be properly cited.
The document summarizes instructions for writing a summary of two assigned readings: Women’s Work and Chicano Families by Patricia Zavella, and Opting Out? by Pamela Stone. Zavella examines the roles of women and families in the Chicano community through interviews and ethnographic research. Stone explores why high-achieving women leave their careers through analyses of surveys and interviews. Students are asked to write a three paragraph summary that introduces the authors, topics, and central arguments of the readings. The second paragraph should provide an example from one of the author's analyses. The final paragraph should connect the readings to course topics and discussions.
The document provides instructions for a 1,000-1,200 word literary essay based on the memoir "Greetings From Bury Park" by Sarfraz Manzoor. Students must develop a thesis that answers either how the author uses America/Bruce Springsteen's music to show struggles OR what role the author's father plays in his struggles. The thesis must be supported using quotes from the memoir without outside research. Lenses from the "Lenses for Reading Literature" handout should also be applied. A sample thesis is given addressing how Springsteen/music show the author's desire for independence from his family and need to escape confines as a young Pakistani in Britain.
Why are the ancient legends of China of interest to.docx4934bk
The document discusses why ancient Chinese legends are of interest to historians. Historians can use both scholarly secondary sources and primary sources from ancient China to understand Chinese culture and history. Quotes from primary sources should be used to support arguments, while paraphrases and limited quotes from secondary sources provide context. A bibliography of all sources is also required.
Why and how did the loom large in focus on.docx4934bk
The document discusses how the role of women was an important issue in anti-colonial thought, using Egypt as a case study. It examines why women were often problematic for nationalism and what roles they played in anti-colonial struggles. The readings consider whether feminism and anti-colonial nationalism were complementary or contradictory. Key works analyzed include those by Kandiyoti, Baron, and Badran on the role of women in Egyptian nationalism and the development of feminism in relation to the anti-colonial movement.
Why did the Roman Catholic Church consider the sin of.docx4934bk
The Roman Catholic Church saw blasphemy as a threat to social order because it undermined religious authority and morality. The Inquisition prosecuted blasphemers to enforce religious orthodoxy. Indigenous people and those of mixed race often faced charges of blasphemy due to tensions with colonial rule. Prosecutions declined in the 1700s as the Church's power began to wane.
The document discusses how the "woman question" was an important issue in anti-colonial thought, using Egypt as a case study. It notes that women were often seen as a problem or issue for nationalism and asks what roles women played in anti-colonial struggles. It also questions whether feminism and anti-colonial nationalism were complementary or contradictory. It lists many relevant readings on these topics focused on historical cases in Egypt, India, and other regions that analyze the relationship between gender, nationalism, and colonial modernity.
What similarities do you notice between organizations for the.docx4934bk
Organizations across Celtic regions focused on preserving and reviving traditional music and dance have several similarities. They aimed to collect and document cultural works at risk of being lost, through establishing groups led by passionate individuals. Events and movements in each area also celebrated and shared these musical and dance traditions with modern audiences.
Who invented the printing and how did it have an.docx4934bk
1. The Byzantine Emperor Alexius I appealed to Pope Urban for help against invaders in the Holy Land. The Pope responded by calling for the First Crusade to aid the Byzantines and recapture the Holy Land for Christianity. Crusaders gained politically by acquiring new lands and spiritually by gaining redemption for sins. Europeans benefited intellectually from exposure to other cultures.
2. The 14th century plague negatively impacted laborers through mass deaths but positively impacted survivors through higher wages. It weakened the Catholic Church and local governments' influence as they struggled to provide support and order.
3. The Hundred Years' War began in 1337 due to a dispute over the French throne between the houses of Plantagenet and
Which is the true statement regarding the criteria for prioritizing.docx4934bk
The document discusses various nursing concepts and questions. The key points are:
- Community capacity and willingness to change is an important criteria when prioritizing needs.
- Evidence-based practice includes the best evidence from research as well as nursing expertise and patient values and preferences.
- Telehealth can be conducted in various settings including home, clinic, and prisons.
- Shared governance is when staff nurses are included in decision making for practice and management.
This document discusses factors contributing to the failure of LGBT individuals to use health care services and potential nursing interventions to address this issue. It identifies biological, psychological, environmental, socio-cultural, behavioral, and health system factors that may prevent LGBT individuals from seeking care, such as higher health risks, stigma, lack of access or insurance, and provider cultural incompetence. It recommends population health nursing interventions like increasing access to services, providing cultural competency training for providers, advocating for inclusive policies, and reducing stigma in the health care system and community to promote more effective use of services by the LGBT population.
What was the threat posed to western style democracy in.docx4934bk
Fascist regimes threatened western democracies in the US, Europe, and Asia in the early 20th century. Fascism emphasized extreme nationalism, often scapegoating ethnic or religious minorities, and opposed liberal democracy and Marxism. It typically gained support from those feeling threatened by the social changes brought about by industrialization and a growing middle class empowered working class.
What stereotypes did Catholics have of Protestants and Protestants of.docx4934bk
Catholics and Protestants held negative stereotypes of each other that helped fuel violence between the groups. Catholics viewed Protestants as heretics while Protestants saw Catholics as idolaters. These stereotypes allowed both sides to justify attacks on the other by portraying the other group in a dehumanizing light and questioning their religious legitimacy.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay Paper.docx
1. Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay Paper
Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperIt was recognised that participating in
the research and disclosing potentially difficult and ethically challenging practice scenarios
may result in participants experiencing distress. Therefore the availability of counsellor was
arranged with AUT Health and Wellbeing services should this be required. Refer to the
Participant Information sheet, Consent forms and AUT Health and Wellbeing letter
(Appendix, ). Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperDuring the development of
the proposal consideration was given to a process to follow if a participant disclosed unsafe
nursing practice. Following rigorous discussion with the supervisors it was decided that the
participants comprised an experienced group of nurses who were practicing autonomously
and that it was highly unlikely that this scenario would ensue. However in order to protect
both the participants and the researcher this was discussed at the start of each in-depth
interview. Participants were informed that if any concerning nursing practice was disclosed
the researcher would be obligated to discuss the concerns with this with the participant and
if the matter could not be resolved the researcher would discuss the concerns with the
supervisors for further advice. Issues such as uncovering unsafe or illegal nursing practice
did not arise during the data collection phase and there was no need at any stage to follow
through with this plan.Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperSeeking informed
consentObtaining informed consent implies a process has been undertaken in which
participants have received information and understood the research, and are able to
consent voluntarily or not to participate in the research (Polit et al, 2001). Participation in
all stages of the research was voluntary. Full explanation of the study was provided in
Information sheets (Appendix ). Because the survey questionnaire was anonymous once
received by the researcher the participants were not able to withdraw from that phase of
the research. Return of the completed survey questionnaire implied consent (Appendix 11 ).
Written consent was obtained from the in-depth interview and data collection activity
participants (AppendixAll steps possible were taken throughout the study design and
implementation to ensure participants’ anonymity, privacy and confidentiality. Details
of the voluntary and confidential nature of the research were outlined to the potential
participants in the information sheet and consent forms (Appendix ). These details were
reiterated at the commencement of each in-depth interview. All 6 participants indicated
they understood this issue and the steps the researcher would take in the final presentation
to maintain confidentiality and anonymity as much as practicable. The final report was
returned to the participants for reviewing and checking. Participant Sampling And
2. Recruitment Essay PaperMaintaining anonymity and confidentiality in a small group that
practiced in a public forum presented particular challenges. In addition to employing
pseudonyms, some detail such as; descriptions of work settings, timeframes and details of
specific incidents from the practice stories, was altered so that particular scenarios are not
identifiable and therefore neither was the CLN. It was particularly important to the integrity
of the research that the participants felt confident their responses would be kept private
and confidential and their anonymity would be protected as far as possible. Participant
Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperParticipants have the right to expect that any
information they share during the study will be kept in the strictest confidence (Polit, Beck
& Hungler, 2001). Only the researcher had access to the raw data (surveys questionnaires,
interview transcripts and data collection activity, database base with individual names). The
supervisors only had access to raw data with the researcher. Raw data was kept in a locked
drawer in the researcher’s office at the Southern District Health Board in Otago. Raw
data and the database were destroyed on final completion of the thesis. Confidentiality
agreements were signed by the AUT Administrative assistant and the interview transcriber
(Appendix ). The research focus was the nursing practice therefore no identifying
information regarding the person being referred to the court liaison nurse was collected at
any stage of the research.Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperFor a copy of
the relevant documents pertaining to consent processes refer to Appendix...Cultural
consultationAs with any healthcare practice and/or research in New Zealand there is a
commitment to the Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi. Any research with people requires
thoughtful consideration of the ethical and cultural implications of the study (Davison &
Tolich, 2003). Therefore obtaining cultural advice was one of the key components
contemplated in the development of this research.Consultation occurred with a cultural
advisor regarding the ethical and cultural implications of all stages of the research from
development of the proposal, developing the research tools and protocol regarding
conducting the interviews and analysis as it effected Maori. The Cultural advisor to the
research guided the researcher to explicitly solicit information regarding whether Maori
models or frameworks were used reminding the researcher of the demographics of the
people who come through the criminal justice system and the demographics of the nursing
profession. The Cultural Advisor suggested identifying if there were any disparities here for
recommendations for future education regarding the court liaison nurse role. The interview
process was discussed with the Cultural Advisor and the researcher was prompted to
ensure the participants had the opportunity for a support person with them if they so
wished. Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperDuring the data analysis phase
of the research process insights and reflection on the interpretation of data relating to the
cultural issues were discussed with the Cultural Advisor.Participant Sampling and
RecruitmentIn line with Qualitative descriptive research design purposive sampling was
chosen as the sampling strategy for the research. The objective of purposive sampling is to
identify information rich cases for in depth examination (Patton, 1990).Survey
questionnaireAll nurses practicing in the court liaison role in New Zealand whether full
time, part time or who carry out a relieving or who provided cover role for the were invited
to participate in phase one of the research. Inclusion of as many of the court liaison nurses
3. as possible was to maximise the scope and variety of information gathered from the study
context. Purposive sampling assists with this ensuring that participants are typical of the
population or particularly knowledgeable about the subject (Polit & Beck, 2008) and to be
representative of the group. Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperThe
purposeful maximum variation sample (Sandelowski, 1995) included participants from
three areas in each of the North and South Islands reflected a wide variety in terms of
experience and location (city and rural). Thought was given to the need to have the means
to explore common and unique manifestations of how this nursing role had developed to
capture commonalities as well as any regional variations or idiosyncrasies in the role
(Sandelowski 2000b).Survey questionnaireMany definitions and methods exist in relation
to surveys (de Leeuw, Hox, & Dillman, 2008). The definition proposed by de Leeuw, Hox, &
Dillman suggests a survey is "a research strategy in which quantitative information is
systematically collected from a relatively large sample taken from a population" (2008, p.2).
A broader view of the survey can be found in descriptive exploratory survey studies
(Schneider, Elliott, LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2003). The authors suggest this type of design
is used to obtain accurate information about the characteristics of specific phenomenon, or
rate of a phenomenon’s occurrence, especially when little is understood about the
phenomenon within the positivist paradigm (Schneider, et al, 2003). Davidson and Tolich
suggest surveys provide a ‘snapshot’ of the attitudes, values and behaviour of a group
at one point in time (2003, p.133). Therefore survey questionnaires were used to obtain
baseline information, demographic facts and data about what the nurses do, their attitudes,
and opinions on specific issues, and how they felt about the role (Polit & Beck, 2008).
Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperIn line with the aims of the research to
gather detailed descriptions of the existing practice as a foundation for not only the
following phases of the research but so that there is a fundamental body of knowledge
about the nursing practice in this role and this group of nurses. It was envisioned this data
would provide a platform to make informed decisions regarding future development of the
role. The survey was not designed to determine cause and effect. It was exploratory and
descriptive.Development of the survey questionnaireThe literature review did not reveal a
replicable tool or previous research directly applicable to the New Zealand context
therefore the survey questionnaire was developed by the researcher. Relevant guides were
consulted during this process (Davidson & Tolich, 2003, de Leeuw, et al, 2008). Consultation
with nurses currently practising within the court liaison nurse role took place to ascertain
relevant and topical issues for the nurses and incorporate these in the survey questionnaire
design. Relevant themes elicited from the literature review informed the survey
questionnaire design. However in the main the questionnaire relied heavily on the
researcher’s experiential knowledge and observations from practice and the expertise
and key themes articulated by Kevin Seaton RN in the Chapter "Liaison services to the
courts" (McKenna & Seaton, 2007). Incorporating the Court liaison nurses thoughts and the
researcher’s experiential knowledge is fitting in a research design underpinned by
naturalistic inquiry (Lincolin & Guba, 1985). Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay
PaperDevelopment of the content and structure of the tools was informed with data
collection tools kindly forwarded by Researchers Julie Sharrock and Brenda Happell with
4. permission to utilise these as the researcher saw fit. Sharrock and Happell conducted
research into the Consult Liaison Nurse role in Australia (Sharrock & Happell, 2002).
Similarly the research article by Turnbull and Beese (2000) detailing their research into the
role of the community mental health nurse in Magistrates courts in one area in the United
Kingdom was drawn on in development of the survey questionnaire. The format used to
explore the nature of and quality of working relationships was assisted with the design of
similar questions in the survey questionnaire (Turnbull & Beese, 2000).In seeking to
positively influence the response rate attention was paid to the structure of the survey
questionnaire. The use of language was reviewed to ensure it was as jargon free and user
friendly as possible (Davidson & Tolich, 2003). Likewise questions were kept simple with
one question asked at a time to avoid confusion and non responses or incomplete answers
(Davidson & Tolich, 2003). Each section commenced with close ended questions to obtain
hard data regarding particular issues or demographic details followed by open ended
questions to tease the information out and encourage participation by giving the nurses
voice. Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperThe length of the survey and the
time that nurses would have to take out of their day to complete it was taken into account.
The researcher estimated that the questionnaire would take 20 – 30 minutes to complete.
There was a danger that the time taken to complete the survey was too long and may
discourage completion. Davidson and Tolich (2003) suggest that 10 minutes is the average
attention span length for completing surveys. Acknowledging that CLNs often practice in
extremely stressful busy circumstances in the court the researcher attempted to balance the
need to be mindful of time with the fact this was the first piece of research into this role in
New Zealand. Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperAccordingly the physical
layout was kept uncluttered and easy to follow. Roberts and Taylor (2002) suggest the
physical layout including appearance, quality and colour, and the inclusion of a stamped
return-addressed envelope influence the return rate. The questionnaire was printed out on
white A4 paper with black size 11 Calibri font consisting of fourteen numbered single sided
pages. The questions were grouped into sections for ease of understanding. The reminder
letter was printed on light blue coloured paper to ensure it stood out with mail trays and
hopefully serve as a prompt to complete the survey. Questions were coded throughout the
survey with numerical response to assist with analysis. The researcher developed a data set
on SPSS v. The data set layout and coding were reviewed and checked by one of the
supervisors and reviewed with an expert in SPSS from AUT University. Participant Sampling
And Recruitment Essay PaperPiloting/pre testing the survey questionnairePiloting a
questionnaire generally assists the researcher to clarify whether the tool is clearly worded
and will provide the data required to answer the research question. Piloting allows for
refinement of the data collection tool and generally increases validity (Burns & Grove,
2007). It also facilitates checking the tool does not contain any major biases (Polit, Beck, &
Hungler, 2001). This was a major consideration for the researcher given my experience in
the role and ongoing involvement with CLNs and therefore potential for biases to creep in.
One of the supervisors with extensive knowledge in forensic mental health nursing
provided rigorous feedback challenged the researcher’s rationales for including
questions or asking them in a particular manner. This ensured as much as was practicable
5. any personal biases on the part of the researcher did not colour the questions. Participant
Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperUsually the pilot is performed by a small sample of
the target population with those undertaking the pilot having the necessary knowledge and
skills to complete and evaluate the questionnaire reliably (Burns & Grove, 2001). The
survey questionnaire was piloted on two occasions. Firstly with a nurse who had practised
in a consult liaison nurse role in a general hospital (a role with some similarities to the CLN
role e.g. sole mental health practitioner and significant liaison and educational aspect to
role). Following the recommendations from the first pilot the tool was adjusted. The tool
was then piloted with a nurse who had previously practiced in the court liaison nurse role.
The nurses who pre-tested the survey were asked to read the Participant Information Sheet
and complete the survey considering the following: Participant Sampling And Recruitment
Essay PaperIf the terminology was easy to follow and applicableHow difficult or complex
they found the survey overallHow complicated they found individual questionsIf the aims of
the research as described to the participants conveyed what the researcher hoped they
didHow long it took to complete and whether there was enough space to write
answersBased on Davidson and Tolich (2003, p.142)Feedback provided assisted with
clarifying how some questions were asked to ensure the instructions were explicit. The tool
was not piloted more widely with the target population due to the actual small size of the
population and not wanting to adversely affect the potential for participation.This format
chosen so that the more sensitive items or topics requiring more thought were last
(Davidson & Tolich, 2003)ORDER A PLAGIARISM- FREE PAPER NOWClearly use of open-
ended questions can result in diverse data which was fitting with the aims of the research
(Polit, Beck, & Hungler, 2001). Open ended questions also enabled generation of practice
issues the researcher may not have been aware of (Schneider et al., 2007), acknowledging
to the nurses they were the experts in this role and their opinions were valuable. Open
ended questions allowed as much information as possible to inform the following phases of
the research. Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperThe aim of this phase of
the research was to explore beyond background demographic information, role description
and working conditions to pull out intricate details surrounding individual experiences, the
thought processes, feelings, and beliefs relating to practicing as a nurse in the criminal
justice system.Semi–structured interviews were chosen in preference to structured
interviews. Data collection by semi-structured interviews allows participants to be asked
questions within a flexible framework (Patton, 1990). Interview questions in semi-
structured interviews are guided by a list of particular topics to be covered (Schneider et al,
2003) rather than a list of set questions (Polit et al, 2001). The idea being that this group of
senior nurses who practice autonomously would be able to talk freely on all the topics,
describe the challenges, what works well and provide critique the role and
systems.Following each interview, notes were made of any contextual or other general
impressions of the interview, and possible changes to the interview guide. Participant
Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperMiller and Crabtree describe "the interview as a
research gathering approach that seeks to create a listening space where meaning is
constructed through an interexchange/cocreation of verbal viewpoints" (1999, p.89) To
make the most of this approach two hours were allowed for the interviews. These took
6. place in the participants own health setting at a negotiated time. Refreshments had been
offered by the researcher however due to time and flight schedules this proved challenging
to facilitate with all participants. This was discussed with participants and it did not appear
to present a concern for any of them. On the contrary the participants were extremely
welcoming and generously provided refreshments expressing happiness to be taking part in
the research. Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperBeing a registered nurse
with many years of experience in interviewing people did not preclude undertaking specific
preparation prior to conducting the interviews. Approaches to the interviews and processes
were initially reflected upon and discussed with the Cultural Advisor, and then the local
supervisor both before and after interviews. Guides to carrying out interviews were
perused (Crabtree & Miller, 1999; Davidson & Tolich, 2003; Smythe & Giddings, 2007) with
the aim of ensuring a genuine and respectful relationship developed during the interview to
facilitate depth and richness of data. The logical conclusion would be that if this level of
trust and rapport was not established then superficial data would result. Participant
Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperThe notion of "Researcher as instrument" is one of
the underpinning principles of Naturalistic Inquiry (Lincolin & Guba, 1985) Meaning the
inquirer or researcher is sensitive and responsive to the intricacies of the inquiry process,
and also to the differing nurses and levels of experience and skill and expertise in the role.
In other words the researcher is able to follow cues or leads, explore issues and topics as
they arose and appeared relevant to the purpose of the study demonstrating skill in
interpreting and responsiveness to cues to guide the study. This fine tuning process was
undertaken as each interview took place the cues or leads provided by the participant
guided me regarding the next interview. This process extended to Phase 3 as elaborated
below. Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperThe progression of the
interviews was very much as Smythe describes "People don’t speak or think in a linear
fashion" (Smyth & Giddings, 2007, p.49). The initial approach in the interview was to start
with broad open ended questions such as "tell me about how you came to be in this role?",
"Talk me through your day", with the intention of then working through the Interview
guide. However from the first interview all that was required was to ask the initial question,
and then dialogue flowed in torrents. The interview guide was subsequently used as a
checklist whereby topics were ticked off as the nurses covered them and only referred to at
the end of the interviews if specific topic areas had not been covered by the nurses. My role
as inquirer was to listen and perhaps prompt or clarify at times. Smythe (Smythe &
Giddings, 2007). Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperThe Statistical Package
for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.19 was used to generate the statistical analysis. Qualitative
content analysis which is fitting in Qualitative descriptive methodologies (Sandelowski,
2000b) was employed to analyse qualitative data in to themes.Data was entered into the
SPSS version19 dataset. SPSS is particularly suited to the analysis of quantitative research
to facilitate the processing of large quantities of data and calculation of statistical measures.
The quantitative data collected was mainly nominal and ordinal hence non-parametric tests
formed the core of analysis. Guidance and assistance was sought from one of the
supervisors and an expert in SPSS from AUT University. Each question was initially
analysed individually. Then data was organised through a process of reduction, merging and
7. interpretation to complete the analysis (Davidson & Tolich, 2003). This process was
undertaken in consultation with the supervisors. Participant Sampling And Recruitment
Essay PaperThe thesis has already established its position with respect to the findings being
viewed as "Constructions" or "meanings" and therefore "created realities" between
participants and researcher (Guba & Lincoln, 1989, p.143). This means that any
construction which emerges from a qualitative inquiry may be seen as unique, for a
particular set of circumstances may never occur again in exactly the same way.So with the
underlying assumption that reality can be interpreted in many ways and understanding is
dependent on subjective dynamic interpretation qualitative content analysis (Hsiu-Fang &
Shannon, 2005; Sandelowski, 2000b) was deemed that most appropriate data analysis
strategy. Qualitative content analysis is described as "reflexive and interactive as the
researchers continuously modify their treatment of data to accommodate new data and new
insights about those data" (Sandelowski, 2000b, p.338). This approach of analysis is
oriented toward summarizing the informational content of that data (Sandelowski, 2000b).
Content analysis involves reading the material and "using a consistent set of codes to
designate data segments that contain similar material" (Morgan, 1993, p.114). Participant
Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperQualitative data was transcribed verbatim from the
interviews and survey questionnaires onto Microsoft word. The codes are derived from the
data and can be modified as the careful reading and re-reading of the data takes place
during the course of the study (Morgan, 1993; Sandelowski, 2000b). To achieve this, the
transcripts were read and tapes listened to repeatedly. Then initial codes using different
colours per code were derived firstly by the researcher and then one of the supervisors.
These were bought together and discussed and consensus reached. As Morgan (1993)
describes the codes were derived from the data and through careful reading and re-reading
of the data they were modified.The data was recoded several times into categories and
revisited and until the researcher was satisfied with the groupings. As suggested by Morse
(1992) ongoing analysis enables the researcher to proceed with the analysis as they gain
understanding and insight about the phenomena of interest within the study.Participant
Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperPatterns in the categories were then interpreted
asking why and how the patterns came about and summarizing and grouping (or
interpreting) the patterns into themes (Morgan, 1993). ‘Theme’ or ‘Pattern’ can
imply a variety of meanings, including a recurring event (or frequency of occurrence) and a
unifying element, essence, or motif (or singular thread or link) (Sandelowski and Barroso,
2002). The research sought patterns and ideas that described current practice, would
inform future practice, and identify areas (of practice) for further exploration.It is
recognised that knowing about a phenomenon includes understanding the context to give
meaning to the phenomenon and that all description requires perception (Sandelowski,
2000b). Therefore it follows that the choice of what to describe and the process of
describing involves transformation or interpretation (Sandelowski, 2000b). Maxwell
describes interpretive accounts as "ground in the language of the people studied and rely as
much as possible on their own words and concepts" (Maxwell, 1992, p.289). Interpretation
occurs through the researcher’s familiarity with the data. Constantly returning to the
original data sources develops the researcher’s intuitive grasp of its meaning, which
8. finally matures into an interpretation of the multiple realties that exist.Participant Sampling
And Recruitment Essay PaperAs per the previous process once themes were derived the
methodological expertise of one the supervisors who was intimately involved in the
research was used ensure that the themes fit the data. Therefore interpretive validity of the
study is assisted by this review of thematic analysis. However a caveat applies here and the
research acknowledges that the ‘expert’ can only validate what was presented to
them (Sandelowski, 1998; Maxwell, 1992).The repetitive analysis process occurred until
transparency was achieved and a report representative of the information provided by the
nurses was produced. The interview participants indicated that the analysis of the data
organised into themes was reflective of the content of the interviews and lends confidence
to the applicability of the findings. Interpretive validity of the findings was also
demonstrated by having them approved by the constructors as suggested by (Lincolin &
Guba, 1985).Careful attention was paid to ensure that choices about what was emphasized
in the research fit the research purpose and methods (Sandelowski, 1998). Themes were
arranged in a straight forward manner from the most prevalent to least prevalent theme, in
keeping with Sandelowski’s recommendation that "a straight descriptive summary of
the informational contents of the data organised in a way that best fits the data" (2000b, p.
338). Data across the three data collection methods were integrated descriptively in the
analysis (Creswell, 2003). Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay PaperIn qualitative
descriptive studies the writing task is to ensure that the reader hears the participant’s
voice with minimal voice-overs by the researcher (Sandelowski, 2000b). The researcher
viewed this being conduit for the CLNs perspectives with the aim for the nurses
descriptions and voice to take precedence in the writing up. Attention was paid to ensuring
the CLNs views were accurately captured. Portrayal of the common as well as idiosyncratic
themes in the interview data, with the CLNs words paraphrased or quoted to illustrate these
views was essential. Central to this notion is the researcher’s belief the research must be
of most relevance to the audience for whom it was written – not sure where i was going
here.... Participant Sampling And Recruitment Essay Paper