10. Change in Acoustics
• Slower speech rate is more prevalent
when ASR quality is bad
• Loudness is the perception of the
strength or weakness of a sound
wave resulting from the amount of
pressure produced
• Pitch represents how high or low a
sound is perceived by the human ear
and is determined by a
sound's frequency
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100%
% requests
slower ratio r
SAT ASR Quality
DSAT ASR Quality
[Kulkarni et al., ICASSP 2017]
12. Tasks as a Trail
ENDtataSTARTG nn ,,,.......,, 11=
Goal 1: Q 4s RL 1s SR 53s SR 118s END
Goal 2: Q 3s Q 5s SR 10s AD 44s END
Goal 3: Q 4s RL 1s SR 53s SR 118s END
• A user search task can be represented by:
• An ordered sequence of actions
• Time between actions
20. Personalized Model
• There are large differences between
users
• A one-size-fits-all model of user
behavior cannot capture the variance in
behavior associated with satisfaction
• Making generalizations about particular
behaviors is risky
[Hassan and White, CIKM 2013]
28. • Field Studies
– Richer Client Instrumentation (e.g. Toolbars)
– Users install a special software that monitors their tasks and
collects feedback from them at specific points
– Example: Curious Browser, Search TrailBlazer, SearchVote, etc.
[Fox et al., TOIS 2005; Hassan et al., CIKM 2011]
Explicit Satisfaction Signals
30. Summary: Section IV
• User behavior signals
– Acoustics for voice interactions
– Attention modeling in viewport
– Action sequences
• Predictive Models of SAT
– Markov model for action sequences
– CRF models
– Semi-supervised model
– Deep sequential model for task SAT
• Explicit Satisfaction Signals
– Judges/annotators
– Lab studies
– Field studies
– Data gathering A/B tests