The document discusses the Paris Agreement on climate change and the impact of the US withdrawing from the agreement. It notes that developing countries are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than developed countries. While the US withdrawal is a setback, global efforts to reduce emissions through renewable energy may continue without US participation in the agreement. Both supporters and critics of the Trump administration's decision are discussed.

1. Paris Talks, Developing And Developed Countries
Stance On Climate Change. Impact Of The USA
Exit From The Paris Agreement
Presented By:
Amna Zarin
Email:
amnazarin14@gmail.com
www.linkedin.com/in/amna-zarin/

2. Paris Climate
Agreement
• It is an agreement within the
United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) dealing with
greenhouse gas emissions,
mitigation, adaptation, and finance
starting in the year 2020.
• As of February 2018, 195 UNFCCC
members have signed the
agreement, and 175 have become
party to it.

4. The Historic Pact, Approved By 195 Countries, Will Take Effect From 2020

5. 1 2 3

6. 4 5 6 7

8. 2018 Talanoa Dialogue Platform
• The first full global stock take will occur in 2023 in order to prepare for
a new round of climate commitments, known as Nationally Determined
Contributions (NDCs), by 2025.
• Parties felt it was important to initiate this cycle prior to the
agreement’s anticipated entry into force in 2020, and so a process
called the Talanoa Dialogue (initially called a facilitative dialogue) has
been established for 2018 to serve as an initial stocktaking exercise.
• The Dialogue is a mandated process requested by Parties to take stock
of collective efforts to reduce emissions and build greater resilience, in
line with the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement and to prepare
updated NDCs by 2020.

9. Structure of the Talanoa Dialogue
The dialogue consists of 2 main parts:
1. Preparatory
2. Political phase

10. PREPARATORY PHASE
During the preparatory phase, parties, stakeholders and expert
institutions are invited to prepare analytical and policy relevant
inputs that respond to at least one of the three central questions:
• Where are we?
• Where do we want to go?
• How do we get there?

11. Political Phase
The political phase will take place at COP24 and will be co-chaired
by the COP23 and COP24 Presidencies.
The political phase will bring together high-level representatives of
the Parties to:
1. Take stock of the collective efforts of Parties in meeting the long
term goals of the Paris Agreement and
2. Inform the preparation of the next round of NDCs. The political
phase will ensure focused and interactive discussions amongst
Ministers.

13. Key Milestones:
• On Sunday, 6 May 2018, six Talanoa Groups will be set up and will work in
parallel to address each of the three questions at a time. The questions will be taken
up in sequence, so that all six parallel Talanoa groups will consider the same
question at the same time: (1) Where are we?; (2) Where do we want to go?; (3) How
do we get there?
• The proceedings of the May intercessional Talanoa Dialogue will be summarized
along with the totality of submissions and inputs received throughout the year.
• This summary will lead to a synthesis report that will take the pulse of the journey
we have embarked on together to understand where we are, our vision for the future
of our common good, and how we will collectively get there.
• The synthesis report will inform the political phase of the Talanoa Dialogue, which
will take place at COP24 in Poland. This phase will build on the momentum of
conversations and stories exchanged throughout the year and the dynamic networks
of interactions.

14. What Is The Expected Outcome Of The Talanoa
Dialogue?
• The Talanoa Dialogue is designed to take stock of collective efforts
to reduce emissions in line with the long-term goals of the Paris
Agreement and to inform the preparation of Nationally
Determined Contributions (NDCs). Ultimately, the goal is to help
countries increase the ambition of their NDCs by 2020. However,
the specific outcome will be determined by Parties during the
political phase at COP24.

16. Effects Of Climate Change On Earth
• Heat is indiscriminate and affects everyone, regardless of age. Camilo
Mora, an academic at the University of Hawaii, found that 48 per cent
of people will be at risk of extreme heat waves by 2100. “Dying in a heat
wave is like being slowly cooked, it’s pure torture," Mora told The
Guardian, "The young and elderly are at particular risk, but we found
that this heat can kill soldiers, athletes, everyone.”
• At the same time, rising sea levels have increased incidences of flooding
– a problem exacerbated by low-lying land and populated coastal areas.
In addition, heavier rainfall can also contribute to flooding.

17. Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions By Jurisdiction

18. China & India’s Step Towards A Emission Free Earth
• In China and India, the push towards renewable energy
investment is creating significant economic opportunity. In 2016,
China’s solar energy production more than doubled.
• The National Energy Administration (NEA) reported that by the
end of the year, China’s solar capacity rose to 77.42 gigawatts,
with an additional increase of 34.54 throughout the year.
• Similarly, India's investment in solar power is moving the country
away from a fossil-fuel based economy.

19. Conclusion
• Summing up, it is clear that climate change has more impact on
developing countries compared to the developed countries.
• The impact can be seen from the environmental damages due to
climate change that is more significant in developing countries than
that in developed and development countries.
• The major issue is that the developing countries have insufficient funds
to apply programs and actions dealing with climate change impact in
its regions.
• Developing countries tend to be fragile and vulnerable in term of
climate change impacts and related natural disasters such as drought
and storms due to their geographical conditions compare to developed
countries.

20. Conclusion…
• The developed countries consume more global energy and contribute
more to global emission than developing countries that cause global
inequity in energy consumption in the world and the developing
countries contribute in reducing the global carbon emission.
• The impact of climate change and global warming in developing
countries absolutely outweighs that of developed countries and this
situation has led to global inequity
• Therefore, developed countries must support developing countries in
all solutions related to climate change impact. For instance, by granting
technology, and assisting through educational development and
research in collaboration with scientists between both countries.

22. Why did Trump decide to withdraw from the Paris
Agreement?
• On his 2016 presidential campaign trail, Donald Trump talked
skeptically about or even denied climate change, and he vowed to
pull out from the Paris Agreement once he was elected.
• Trump’s logic for removing the US from the accords was that the
Accords would not offer value for money to US taxpayers, who
would ultimately have to give billions of dollars in US
contributions to the green energy fund, without any effective
means of enforcing any other country’s compliance with the
Accords.

23. How does the withdrawal decision impact China?
• First, global warming will be intensified after the U.S. withdraws
from the Paris Agreement, putting China under greater ecological
vulnerability and climate risks.
• China is one of the countries that is most vulnerable to climate
change, and U.S. withdrawal from the agreement is a heavy blow
to global efforts against climate change—it will make the
consequences of global warming more disastrous, and as a result,
China's ecological vulnerability and climate risk will increase
markedly.

24. What Will be the impact
• There's no doubt that President Trump's withdrawal will make it more
difficult for the world to reach the goals as US contributes about 15% of
global emissions of carbon,
• It seems that this goal can be achieved without the Paris accords as
current policies in the U.S. are already expected to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions to about 16% below 2005 levels by 2020.
• Additionally, even without the US signature on the document, both
China and Europe appear ready to lead the world in climate policy.
• It appears that both the US and the world will move forward with
greener policies without the US participation in the Paris accords.

25. The Other Side To Trump’s Exit Plan
• While many are blaming the President for rejecting the agreement
in its entirety, the reality is that he has stated that he wants to
renegotiate to get a better deal.
• Additionally, the US withdrawal will not take effect for five more
years, during which time the country will undergo another
election cycle. It is possible that climate change may be one of the
major campaigning points of the 2020 presidential election.
• In addition, it is entirely possible that Trump may not serve a
second term, and a new President could reverse the withdrawal
before Trump’s actions even take effect.

26. Where will US stand after the withdrawal
• When the withdrawal takes effect, the U.S. will
join Syria and Nicaragua as the only UNFCCC member states who
are not signatories to the Paris Agreement.
• Syria was dealing with the ongoing Syrian Civil War and would
have had a hard time limiting emissions, and international
sanctions against Assad's government would have made it very
difficult to send someone to Paris.
• However, both Syria and Nicaragua have since announced that
they will join, leaving the U.S. the only UNFCCC member state not
a party to the Agreement.

29. Republicans Reviews Of Trump's Decision
• Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, praised the decision as a victory
for America's middle class, workers, businesses and coal miners.
• Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton described Trump's decision as
"courageous" and said that it lifted a burden from the American taxpayer.
• However, Republican Senator Susan Collins of Maine was critical of the
decision, stating that she was disappointed.
• Former Governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger issued a video
address describing Trump's decision as a retrograde step.
• Michael Brune, from US environmentalists, the Sierra Club, said the expected
withdrawal was a "historic mistake which our grandchildren will look back on
with stunned dismay at how a world leader could be so divorced from reality
and morality".

30. Democrats Say..
• Former President Bill Clinton wrote: "Walking away from Paris
treaty is a mistake. Climate change is real. We owe our children
more. Protecting our future also creates more jobs.“
• Former President Barack Obama said of Trump's decision: "Even
as this Administration joins a small handful of nations that reject
the future, I'm confident that our states, cities, and businesses will
step up and do even more to lead the way, and help protect for
future generations the one planet we've got.“

31. Global Business Leaders Perspective
• Adobe
• Apple
• Blue Cross Blue Shield
• Danfoss
• Dignity Health
• Facebook
• Gap
• Google
• The Hartford
• Hewlett Packard
Enterprise
• Ingersoll Rand
• Intel
• Johnson Controls
• Levi Strauss & Co.
• Mars
• Microsoft
• Morgan Stanley
• National Grid
• PG&E
• Royal DSM
• Salesforce.com
• Schneider Electric
• Tiffany & Co.
• Unilever
• VF
On the day of Trump's predicted withdrawal, 25 companies placed a full-page open letter to
President Trump in The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, encouraging the
administration to keep the U.S. in the Paris Agreement. The companies were:

32. Continue…
• Following Trump’s
announcement, ExxonMobil, Chevron, Shell and General
Motors reaffirmed their support for the Paris Agreement and for
measures to tackle climate change.
• The Exxon chief executive Darren Woods wrote a personal letter
to Trump saying the US is "well positioned to compete" with the
accord in place and staying in means "a seat at the negotiating
table to ensure a level playing field".

33. US Emissions Will Still Fall
• Despite President Trump's withdrawal from the accord, US
carbon will continue to drop. The projections are that they will fall
about half as much as had been planned by President Obama.
That's because US energy production is now powered more by gas
than by coal.
• The fracking revolution has seen a huge jump in the production
and a huge drop in the price of natural gas. Energy producers like
gas because it is flexible and integrates better with renewable
sources which are also growing rapidly.