Pair programming involves two software developers working together at one workstation. One person acts as the driver who types code while the other is the navigator who reviews the code and provides suggestions. The roles are switched regularly throughout the pairing session. Benefits of pair programming include less bugs, increased engagement from team members, and knowledge sharing between developers with different experience levels. While it works best for some teams and tasks, pair programming should not be imposed and may not be suitable or scale for all projects.