First Nations and municipalities in Northern Ontario have new opportunities for forest-based development through changes in planning policies. However, local capacity and resources do not always match these new obligations. This study examines the early stages of a forest development initiative between a First Nation and nearby towns in Northeast Superior Region. Interviews with 27 First Nation and non-First Nation participants show how differing perspectives on problems, solutions, identities and power led to initial conflict but also innovation for eventual collaboration. First Nations realized they needed to educate others on how to properly engage them and develop culturally appropriate protocols. Over time, all groups saw benefits to redistributing power and strengthening their network to have a unified regional voice. Lessons include building trust, the importance of