General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
Oxidation-of-Pyruvate-Kreb-Cycle.pptx
1. GROWTH OF YEAST IN THE PRESENCE
OF GLUCOSE
MATERIALS:
Plastic bottle
Funnel
Yeast
Balloons
Procedure:
1. In two bottles, labeled A and B add an equal amount of warm water.
2. Put 1 teaspoon of yeast in bottle A and B.
3. Add two teaspoons of sugar to bottle B.
4. Now seal the bottle by placing balloons over the opening.
5. Shake the bottles every 30 seconds.
2. 1.
The students will be divided into two groups and
will illustrate and discuss the Krebs Cycle with the
given materials.
CRITERIA
Correctness of answer 50%
Interpretation 40%
Visual appearance 10%
TOTAL 100%
4. • If oxygen is sufficient, aerobic respiration takes
place.
• Pyruvate molecules which are produced in
glycolysis enter mitochondria, the sites of
cellular respiration.
5. • Pyruvate is converted into an acetyl group
within the mitochondrial matrix, which is
picked up and activated by a carrier
compound called coenzyme A (CoA).
6. Krebs cycle
• The Krebs Cycle is a metabolic pathway
involving biochemical reactions which
produces NADH, carbon dioxide, ATP and
FADH2.
• NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that
will be used in the next step of cellular
respiration. The cycle takes place in the inner
matrix of mitochondria
9. Condensation of Acetyl CoA (two-carbon acetyl
group) by combining with oxaloacetate to form
a six-carbon molecule of citrate or citric acid.
10. Citrate loses one water molecule and gains
another to form its isomer, isocitrate.
11. Oxidation of isocitrate to produce a five-carbon
molecule, αketoglutarate. A molecule of CO2
and NADH are formed.
12. CoA binds with the succinyl group to form
succinyl CoA. In the next step, a phosphate
group is substituted for coenzyme A, and a
highenergy bond is formed. This energy is used
in substrate-level phosphorylation (during the
conversion of the succinyl group to succinate)
to form either guanine triphosphate (GTP) or
ATP.
13. Succinate is converted to fumarate. Two
hydrogen atoms are transferred to FAD,
producing FADH2 (flavin adenine dinucleotide).
15. Malate is oxidized to regenerate oxaloacetate.
Another molecule of NADH is produced in the
process.
16. Quiz
The students will answer the following
questions:
1.What is the main product of Krebs Cycle?
2.What is the function of Krebs Cycle in
metabolism?
The fate of pyruvate molecules depends on the presence and absence of oxygen in the system. If oxygen is present, then the pyruvate enters the glycolytic pathway of cellular respiration. In the absence of oxygen, the process shift to fermentation.
The compound resulting from this is called acetyl CoA. The cell can use Acetyl CoA in a number of ways, but its main function is to deliver the pyruvate-derived acetyl group to the next stage of the glucose catabolism pathway which is the Krebs cycle
