6. CONTEXT
Climate Change: global temperature is on course to rise by 3.5°C
Water: 3 billion people live in areas where demand outstrips supply
Food Prices: prices are set to rise by 120-180% by 2030
Agricultural Production: amount of arable land per head has halved
since 1960
Land & Water: up to 227m ha of land have been sold, leased or
licensed, largely in Africa & mostly to international investors in 1000s of
secretive deals since 2001
Energy: Government biofuels subsidies totalled $20 billion in 2009
7. Demand for food is increasing
4500.00
Milk and dairy (excl butter)
4000.00 Meat (carcass weight)
Vegetable oils, oilseeds and products
3500.00
Million Tonnes of food
Pulses
3000.00 Sugar
2500.00 Roots and tubers
Cereals, food
2000.00
1500.00
1000.00
500.00
0.00
1969/71 1979/81 1989/91 1999/01 2030 2050
World food production must rise by approx. 40 % by 2030 to meet
increasing demand (Source: UN 2008)
9. The goal of GROW:
A future where
everyone on the
planet always has
enough to eat
The GROW video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEncHWEjLTI
10. GROW campaign objectives:
2.‘Growing movement’ for a better future
3.Stop land and water grabs by corporations and
countries
4.Win global climate change deals
5.Invest in productivity, resilience and
sustainability small scale food producers
6.Respond to global food price crisis
Our single priority campaign until 2015.
13. FEMALE FOOD HEROES
A global campaign project based on the idea of identifying champion small-
scale food producers through a popular competition. Run successfully in
Tanzania, in development in Nigeria, Philippines, South America, Russia,
Armenia, Tajikistan, Quebec and Burkina Faso.
14. LAND GRABS
‘Land and Power’ report from September 2011 highlights the recent growth
of 'land grabs‘ and the disastrous consequences for poor communities, who
are often evicted without consent or compensation.
In Dec 2011, the Ombudsman of
the World Bank’s International
Finance Corporation accepted
our joint complaint with local
communities and partners.
We are now part of a mediation
process to achieve justice for the
affected communities.
15. ON TOUR WITH
COLDPLAY
Oxfam is taking GROW on tour
with Coldplay, on the band’s 2012
world tour. This is a great
opportunity for us to try out our
conversational approach to public
campaigning.
The team have just returned from
an epic tour leg in Canada and the
US – find out more about their
escapades here:
http://oxfamontour.org/coldplay/
16. THE INTELLECTUAL DEBATE
Platforms include:
- Foresight Global Food and Farming Futures High Level
Stakeholder Group
- Global Food Security programme board
18. SUCCESSES & CHALLENGES
SUCCESS: CHALLENGE:
Oxfam as a global leader on Campaigning on GROW in the
food justice in a resource- UK has been a real challenge.
constrained world, gathering We also faced difficulties around
our views on climate, land, landgrabs campaigning.
water and inequality.
Avoiding old or complex
Working with others, built a narratives when speaking about
vibrant national campaign in hunger to not turn off the public:
many developing countries. - Now: inequality
- Future: resource constraints
19. Sign up to the campaign here:
www.oxfam.org/GROW
23. The worst crisis for 60 years?
• High levels of existing vulnerability
• Dire predictions from mid-2010
• 2010 - Oct-Nov rains failed
• 2011 – April-May rains failed
• 2011 – July Oxfam launches Appeal
• 2011 – July UN declares a Famine in parts of
Somalia
• 13 million people affected
24. What we did
• Scaled up existing programmes in Somalia,
Ethiopia, and Kenya
• Opened new programmes – eg Dolo Ado
• Increased support to existing partners and
found new ones
• Supported 2,828,500 people from July 2011 –
March 2012
28. 1 in 5 people in the UK live below the poverty line.
The life expectancy for a man in Calton, Glasgow, is
54 – 10 years lower than the average life expectancy
in Bangladesh.
One in four children only have one hot meal a day –
their school lunch.
Almost one in five lone parents cannot afford two
pairs of shoes for each child.
29. Oxfam has a vision of everyone in
the UK having enough to live on
So we work with others in three ways:
• Develop projects to improve the lives of people living in poverty
• Work with policy-makers to tackle the causes of poverty
• Raise public awareness of poverty to create the pressure that is necessary
for change
Discrimination and prejudice play a large role in the lives of people
experiencing poverty.
That is why challenging negative attitudes to poverty and addressing gender
and race inequality are integral parts of our work.
30. UKPP over the last year –
some reflections
• Worked with around 40 partners across GB, supporting some
5,000 people
• Partners and beneficiaries varied from destitute Asylum
seekers in south Wales to informal workers in Greater
Manchester to crofters in the outer Hebrides
• Livelihoods, Gender and Voice are building blocks of our
programme
31.
32. Advocacy and Campaigning
• Engaged in Welfare Reform Coalition through every stage of
the Bill
• Initiated and led Cuts Watch coalition in Wales – influencing
Welsh Govnt response
• Designed and launched Humankind Index in Scotland – major
contribution to thinking on wellbeing
33. Funding
• Core funding from Oxfam • Many of our partners, especially
remains small – but has been in England are struggling
protected
• Despite tougher funding
• Hugely successful year for environment we now have the
restricted income fundraising largest sustained restricted
from UK Government, Unilever income funding UKPP has ever
and Lottery in Wales known
34. What have we learned (1)?
• Programme and Communications need to be more
strongly connected
• Reduction in state funded actions means more work led
by and for communities
• We need fewer and bigger projects to be effective
35. What have we learned (2)?
• We need a stronger and more consistent public profile to
influence debate
• Our public role in tackling poverty in the UK is not widely
understood – brings both advantages & disadvantages
• Devolution matters
• We can sell livelihoods work to funders
36. Session 1: Discussion Groups
• GROW – Conference Room 1
• East Africa – Conference Room 4
• UKPP – Conference Room 2/3 (front)
• Control Arms Campaign - Conference Room 2/3 (middle)
• Evaluating our work - Conference Room 2/3 (back)
57. Cash for work for women
`We are poor people. Everything we had was damaged in the floods.
Everything!’ – Malyara Gujar
58. July 2011
Acute malnutrition rates rose above 30% and the mortality rates
increased to above 2 deaths/10000 people/day in Somalia
Famine was declared in parts of Somalia
Humanitarian emergency declared in the rest of
Horn of Africa
59. Horn of Africa Food Crisis: Grants to
women’s groups in Ethiopia
Fatuma Ali Wise, Damal Women’s group, Ayesha
66. What do we mean by a ‘Brand Identity’?
“The guiding force that informs and shapes the
experiences you offer, the business models you design
and the culture you inspire.”
One of Oxfam’s most valuable assets
67. Why do we need a Global Brand Identity?
£$€ 10%
71. We need to be relevant to people’s lives, globally.
72. Brand DNA
The Purpose
What Oxfam is and it’s role in the world
The Proposition
What people get from Oxfam
The Personality
Who we are and how we act
74. We’re a…
A network that empowers individuals, communities and
organisations to build a future free from poverty.
We want We speak out We make things
justice in the for systemic happen here
world change and now
85. Any questions?
Do you have any comments about our brand?
How can we make sure that people in the UK know
about and understand this new branding?
What can we learn from your experience of
volunteering with Oxfam to improve our branding?
86. Making the most of our shop network
Andrew Horton, Trading Director
87. We have been doing really well…
Shops +/- Total Total Total Profit Average Staff costs
income costs Profit % of shop rent % of
income pa income
Oxfam GB 686 -7 £88M £61M £27M 31% £23,380 20%
BHF 674 32 £133M £107M £26M 20% £31,176 25%
CRUK 562 -11 £68M £48M £19M 29% £25,147 27%
Source: Charity Finance League Tables 2011
Note: ‘Total Profit’ does not include corporate recharges as these are different in different organisations
92. Supporting each other: volunteer survey
We have shop meetings every More time needs to be
three months. Attendance at made available for shop
these is good. These
contribute to morale and the
managers to speak to their
feeling that what we each do team on a regular basis.
matters.
93. Supporting each other
Emerging activities…
Shop meetings and Annual chats with the shop
manager.
Area managers spending more time with shop
manager in shops.
Improve our ability to recognise volunteers i.e.
length of service.
Best practice sharing to enhance managers ability
to delegate to their volunteer team.
Mechanism for volunteers to feedback to
management.
96. We raised £262.9 million from private
donations, legacies and institutions
Donations and
Legacies
(including DEC)
£115.2m
Govt and other
institutions
(including DFID
PPA) £147.7m
99. Supporter Marketing Strategy on a page
• Stabilise regular giving
– Marketing campaigns
– Face to face fundraising
• Increase connection with existing donors
– Emergencies
– Giving Club
– Events and Legacy giving
• Grow new income streams
– Community & Events
– Major donors, corporates and trusts & foundations
– International
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113. Session 3: Discussion groups
• GROW – Conference Room 1
• Fundraising - Conference Room 2/3 (front)
• Enterprise and development - Conference Rm 2/3 (back)
• New global brand – Conference Room 4
• Shop network – Conference Room 5
Female Food Heroes is a project that aims to draw attention to the vital role played by small scale female food producers around the world. It's running in around 18 countries at the moment from Tanzania to Armenia, Canada to Russia, and looks different in all of them. In Tanzania it was a competition, that chose a winner and a runner up. In Russia, community groups are asked to nominate champion women food producers. In Tanzania over 6000 women applied to be part of the competition, and coverage of the finale reached up to 37m people! We didn't do much around International Women’s Day, but for AWID (Association of Women in Development) conference in Istanbul in April, we took female food heroes from Tanzania and the Philippines to the conference, and they had a chance to speak out.
Fans who signed up to the campaign on tour had their pictures posted in our Fan Wall widget.
Some issues to raise? Drought or conflict? Somalia became a famine because of conflict on top of drought. Somalis fled to camps because of conflict, and this is probably the reason why we don’t think they will go home any time soon Direct programming vs remote? Somalia is off-limits, as were parts of Wajir at times – we work very effectively through trusted long-term partners camps vs communities? Require very different tactics – camps are arguably ‘Oxfam at its best’ – community work is arguably harder – isolated places, small numbers, different bespoke needs…….. Reason for fewer beneficiaries in Ethiopia…? THESE PHOTOS: Cash distribution in Turkana, run by Oxfam staff Water being supplied by Hijra – our partner in Afgooye, Somalia
THESE PHOTOS: Supplying water in Dolo Ado – a huge effort, successfully achieved Cash for work in Shenille, Ethiopia – supporting communities in isolated places
Poverty and suffering occurs all over the world, not just in developing countries. In the UK more than 13 million people live in poverty*, and Oxfam’s mission to ‘overcome poverty and suffering’ is no less applicable in this ‘rich’ country than it is abroad. Health and poverty This statistic shows that people in poverty are disadvantaged from the start of their lives and that it’s not their fault. The correlation between poverty and ill health, is shocking: Stark inequalities are found across a wide range of health indicators, from infant death to the risk of developing a mental illness. And a child born in the poorer Calton area of Glasgow has a life expectancy of 54, while those born in the more affluent Lenzie North area of the same city have a life expectancy of 82.9 Adults in the poorest fifth of the population are twice as likely to be at risk of developing a mental illness as those on average incomes. *The poverty line as used here – and by the UK government – is defined as 60 per cent of the median UK income. There is an ongoing debate about what ‘poverty’ means and how to measure it. However, most commentators agree that poverty needs to be understood in relation to typical living standards in society. Here is a widely-used definition from Professor Peter Townsend: “ Individuals, families and groups in the population can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate in the activities, and have the living conditions and amenities which are customary, or are at least widely encouraged and approved, in the societies in which they belong.” Could do the quiz here to see what your audience already knows and to stimulate discussion
Through a network of partners in each country, we are able to work on a variety of projects across the UK, arising in response to local needs and delivered by local organisations.
CFW was done even before 1990s but CTPs in general caught momentum in 90’s. In the initial period, CaLP operated at a very small scale and focused on capturing and sharing learning and using these for training practitioners (mainly staff & partners of OGB, SCUK and BRC) Following on from the experience of using CTPs in tsunami response, Oxfam along with SCUK and BRC, initiated CaLP in 2006/07 to share learning and good practise in CTPs Over the years, Oxfam has become much bolder and innovative in its CTPs – eg. (i) Working with technology to transfer cash – MPESA, remittance companies in fragile contexts, (ii) working effectively with national banks at very low or no service charges – Pakistan and Ethiopia, (iii) research on the impact of CTP on gender relations, (iv) use of CTPs in non food sectors – CTP in shelter in Indonesia, CTP in WASH in Haiti etc.
• Basic needs grants. An unconditional once-off grant of 2,000 Haitian Gourdes (approximately USD50) to support households to cover their basic needs. There were 6,020 beneficiary households. • Community canteens. This was a five-month project to provide lunch for vulnerable families. There have been 195 canteens, with each canteen providing meals to 80 persons for eight weeks each (Monday to Friday). In addition, the canteens provide work to small restaurant owners who may otherwise have no source of income. There were a total of 3,662 households for the community canteens • Cash for work. This provided very poor or poor households with no skills with a source of income. Oxfam has worked with 4,656 households. • Livelihoods recovery grants. These were grants of 5,000 Haitian Gourdes (approximately USD125) to enable beneficiaries to re-start / start small businesses. Grants have been provided to 12,303 households so far. • Small enterprise generation toolkits. This activity is planned for Phase 2, beginning in August 2010. These toolkits are to be provided to 1,302 people who have a trade of specialist skills (e.g., plumbers, bakers, builders etc) to re-establish their trade, thereby contributing to the economic recovery. The target for these grants are the middle households, rather than the very poor and poor. The toolkits are valued roughly at USD500 per kit. In total, there have been 24,938 beneficiary households, or 124,690 individuals.
Marie Carole Boursiquot was one of 56 women who ran Oxfam’s first community canteens in Port au Prince, for two months from March to May. Oxfam supported her financially so she could feed 80 of the most vulnerable people in her community and make a profit for herself, as a first step to regaining her own means of subsistence..... “Things were difficult right after the earthquake, but we’re Haitian so we have to get up and move forward. Then there was the community canteen and that work really helped me; I was able to set some money by to start my business back up. Now I have my own stall again. Every week, while I had the canteen, I would put aside some of the profits, 1,000 gourdes here and 1,000 gourdes there, and I would send the girls out to buy things for my shop; I also borrowed a little money so that I could buy the rest of the stock. Now I am selling all kinds of things; rice, sugar, beans, pasta, coal…”
1. Unconditional grants:’ In areas where Oxfam is already operational (IDP response including cash transfers), unconditional cash grants to cover immediate food needs. This started immediately, and blanket coverage of affected population was done. 2. Asset protection : In areas where some livestock was not been totally washed away, fodder distribution and vaccination and deworming campaign for livestock asset protection was taken up. 3. CFW/VFW: supporting income of poor households whose sources of income have been affected. work component included: cleaning of own households and/or rehabilitation of infrastructures and/or rehabilitation of agricultural fields (cleaning sand and rubbles et rehabilitating irrigation canals). Based on the rapid assessment conducted by Oxfam and its partners in various districts affected in KPK province, the main food security and livelihood needs were: Immediate support to meet food needs of directly and indirectly affected households Support to access income to meet families’ basic needs in the short- and mid-term Asset protection for livestock The first phase strategy included three axes: Unconditional cash grants : (approx. 5000 hhs) In areas where Oxfam is already operational (IDP response including cash transfers), unconditional cash grants to cover immediate food needs. This started immediately, and blanket coverage of affected population was done. Asset protection: ( approx. 8000hhs/56000people) In areas where some livestock was not been totally washed away, fodder distribution and vaccination and deworming campaign for livestock asset protection was taken up. Cash/Voucher for Work (16400 hhs/114,800 people) to support income of poor households whose sources of income have been affected. The work component included: cleaning of own households and/or rehabilitation of infrastructures and/or rehabilitation of agricultural fields (cleaning sand and rubbles et rehabilitating irrigation canals). Following the flood and the lack of fodder, some households who have not lost their livestock might have to slaughter them or might loose them due to the lack of livestock feed and/or due to waterborne livestock diseases. All households in the targeted affected villages, irrespective of their wealth status prior to the flood or of the extent of losses due to the flood. The absence of targeting is justified by the need to act quickly and by the aim to cover immediate basic needs for the population in most affected areas. There will be no work requirement attached to the grant. One of these livestock asset protection projects will be implemented within the current ECHO project in which 5,000 households have benefited from restocking in April-June 2010. A cost extension was looking at targeting more beneficiaries, but will be redirected to support protection of the assets that have already been distributed.
MALYARA GUJAR 65, making a quilt as part of Oxfam's cash for work scheme. She is a widow and has 4 girls, 2 boys 'We donâ t have any money for medical bills, said Malyara Gujar. We are poor people. Everything we had was damaged in the floods. Everything. ' These women in Ingorederai village, Bunn Union Council Lower Swat are making winter quilts. They'll be distributed to some of the worst-hit flood areas and also provide a cash income for the women themselves, who also lost livestock and household items in Pakistanâ s devastating floods ...The cash-for-work project, organized by Oxfam and its local partner, Lasoona, is giving women a chance to earn money for basic necessities and also helps to take their minds off their daily difficulties.. Programme Information Several months after Pakistan was hit by devastating floods, aid agencies are warning that the approaching winter could usher in a new crisis with fears that flood-affected families in the north, who lost homes and belongings, will be ill-prepared to deal with sub-zero temperatures. There are fears that harsh winter climates could lead to a steep increase in illnesses, including pneumonia and other respiratory diseases. Oxfam as been distributing thousands of winter kits to some of the worst flood-hit communities in Upper Swat, in Kyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) – areas where temperatures can fall below 15 degrees Celsius and are often cut off by heavy snows. The agency says there is an urgent need for the government of Pakistan and the donor community to support ongoing emergency and early recovery work.
Wild Fruit and Animal Skins. Many families have gone for weeks living only on wild fruits they find on local bushes. These fruits must be boiled for several days before they can be consumed. Dried animal skins are also used to stave off hunger for a few hours.
1.4m people in Somali region of Ethiopia needed humanitarian assistance (G0E) Oxfam provided CFW (@600 birr for 15 days work/mth) to affected hh but we also wanted to increase availability of food in the region and encourage women traders, so we combined our CFW with grants to women’s groups for trading in food commodities. This has dual purpose (i) increase availability of food at affordable prices and (ii) women’s economic empowerment The market support involved a start-up grant to the women’s groups to obtain the necessary food stocks (provided in kind), followed by cash support to pay for transport costs in one to three additional re-stocks, depending on the capacity of the group to fund this independently of Oxfam. Training in business skills and tools for trading were also supplied. The team decided to pilot this approach with five groups and has scaled it up to an additional 11 groups. This was planned as a cash grant but most women’s groups felt in-confident to deal with large cash and also feared that the cash will be taken away by men in the household to buy chaat. Therefore, Oxfam facilitated the link between wholesalers and the women’s groups and paid the wholesaler directly on behalf of women. This is the Fatuma Ali Wise (mother of 6). She is a member of the Damal women’s group in Ayesha woreda. “Don’t remind me of this time!” Fatuma throws her hands up as she explains. During the worst of the drought, Fatuma was pregnant with her youngest child. Her husband was away (he had migrated out of the village to look for work) when she gave birth. Without any income, Fatuma was forced to purchase everything, including food, on credit, which led to her building up more and more credit. Eventually the store where she was buying from stopped extending credit to her, which cut off the supply of food to Fatuma and her family. Fatuma had no means to pay back the credit she had amassed, but this didn’t stop the shopkeeper hounding her to pay it back, even coming to her home to quarrel with her. “ But it affected not only the food we eat; our children’s education suffered, also.” Fatuma was unable to buy the books that her children needed for school.
L-R, Aramla Salim, Fatima Shene and Kartouma Abdullahi . In times of food shortages, women dig up ant nests to find grain the Ants have stored. The grain , known as 'Fonio". is sieved to separate it from sand. Aramla: "When I do not have enough to eat, I start by relying on the wild herbs which grow after the harvest is over. However, because the rainy season has been so bad this year, there are no wild herbs now. So I have to look for cereals in ant nests."
On average the amount distributed varies between 40 and 45£ per month. In Agadez we provide 42£ but it covers only 60% of food needs (food is more expensive there), the rationale is that people benefit from other sources of income and food (counter seasonal cash or food crops such as onions and potatoes). In Chad, we provide cash, vouchers and in kind (WFP rations) depending on appropriateness of the response
Djene’bou Kone’ is among the poorest in her village. She is a beneficiary of Oxfam’s long term CTP that involved cash grants in 3 instalments at specific times (acc. to the seasonal calendar) in the year for (i) consumption, (ii) protection of assets and (iii) promoting production. Earlier Djene’bou had to struggle to get past the hunger season but because of the CTP, she was able to eat welll throughout the hunger season and also invested the money to start a business. She bought Maize at lower rates (50CFA/kg) when food prices were low and sold it at higher rates (above 75CFA/kg) when the prices went up.
Welcome to this global brand identity workshop.
Welcome to this global brand identity workshop.
We need a singular description of ourselves. This is tricky even in just one country. We want this so that we can tell people why they should listen to us in their busy days.
We need a consistent look and feel to help people know us. These are examples of how the brand looks across the globe – this is how the brand looks and how communications work. The argument that it doesn’t matter if each country is different is no longer valid due to the growth in global media.
Research showed us that people are looking for change, to take control of our own lives. We also learnt about Oxfam and what people wanted to hear – that we have innovative, tangible solutions, and for us to tell them what is unique about us – that we work to fight poverty with strong, simple solutions, but that we campaign for change that lasts and have amazing ways for all of us to be involved.
Welcome to this global brand identity workshop.
Welcome to this global brand identity workshop.
Oxfam is a global movement for change . A network that empowers individuals, communities and organisations to build a future free from poverty .
Welcome to this global brand identity workshop.
Welcome to this global brand identity workshop.
Welcome to this global brand identity workshop.
Our advertising should reflect the flexibility and richness of our global identity. Use our patterns, typefaces and imagery alongside compelling and clear messaging to create advertising that is distinctive and impactful.
Inside spreads The simple approach to the cover layouts continues with the inside spreads. Page designs allow us to create a diverse mix of publications. The dividing line carries over from the front cover to create a device for separating content.
Inside spreads The simple approach to the cover layouts continues with the inside spreads. Page designs allow us to create a diverse mix of publications. The dividing line carries over from the front cover to create a device for separating content.
Welcome to this global brand identity workshop.
In tough economical environment we are still number 1 charity. MOST PROFIT 2011 LEAGUE TABLE AND LOWEST COSTS ON RENT AND STAFF ALSO. We generate the most profit from our network and we are stronger as we are much more efficient at generating profit than our competitors. For every £1 we spend on our retail network we make 44 pence profit We have lowest rents and lowest staff costs so we really are focussing hard on controlling costs BHF beat us on profit per shop per week
NOTE: Can we make these two slides match up? 27mill vs 25.9mill – no! –see note We are hoping for this success to continue, we have just finished 2012 and we are 2.9m above our budget Best year ever, even better than 2005 when the tsunami boosted our profits significantly with increased donations. (NB: This 25.9 figure includes a few million worth of internal recharges not shown in previous slide)
Pause. Then summarise
Represent oxfam by improving the connection between shops and Oxfams Programme work in Shop Experience pilots. This is not the finalised images of what we will be doing but demonstrate some of the things we will be aiming for with the objective of Linking the UK public with Programme work through the shops.
Bra Hunt good example of representing Oxfam. Linking shops to Oxfams Programme work. Using Shops as a way of communicating Oxfams work and reaching a wide audience using our high street presence and gaining extensive press coverage (Sunday Times article and many more).
We have been speaking to the shop network in the last year using the volunteer survey and at shop conferences. We wanted to listen to shop teams to understand how we could support them more. These are some comments we received in the volunteer survey. Volunteer survey background if you need. 20 th – 31 st January 194 random shops selected 903 responses, mainly online 15% of potential respondents All operations/area patches covered 31% gave additional feedback through a free-text box
The feedback from the volunteer survey as well as from the retail line (in meetings and Shop conferences), has helped begin to shape what ‘Supporting each other’ means to the shop network and fed through potential ways in which we could we achieve this.
Aim to increase donated sales. Four reasons why sales go up: Marks & Spencer relationship will give more stock Drive on donations in shops Sort out theft issues in banks Sainsbury carpark exclusive deal will again give more stock Stock acquisition is still essential. Corporate donations very important. New initiative Shwopping of the back of One day wardrobe clear and success of our relationship with MS. Reduce theft from donation banks Secured deal with Sainsbury’s for donation banks. The plan is to grow like for like by 2.6% (we have asked shops for 3.5%) + get existing shops open to hit business case (average shop is £51K NSC)