This document summarizes the findings of 8 studies on the relationship between nulliparity (never having given birth) and risk of ovarian cancer. The studies included 2 prospective cohort studies, 5 case-control studies, and 1 pooled analysis. All studies found a positive association between nulliparity and increased risk of ovarian cancer, with risk decreasing with increasing number of births. Possible reasons for this include hormonal and physical changes during pregnancy that protect against ovarian cancer, as well as the "incessant ovulation" hypothesis where repeated ovulations throughout reproductive years increase risk of microtraumas and exposure to follicular fluid leading to ovarian cancer.
Report Back from ASCO on Metastatic Breast Cancerbkling
Dr. Anne Moore, Medical Director of the Weill Cornell Breast Center, shares her experiences from the American Society of Clinical Oncology's June 2017 Conference. She also updates us on the latest research from the conference as it relates to metastatic breast cancer.
Knowledge Discovery from Breast Cancer Databaseiosrjce
In this paper, we study various factors leading to breast cancer and also a few symptoms that act as
biomarkers for the occurrence of breast cancer in women. Totally 18 factors are taken for study. Statistical
techniques are used to analyze the influence of various factors towards the disease and test for significance of
factors is also done. Besides association rule mining is attempted to generate possible factors that may lead to
breast cancer. An attempt to classify the given dataset using information gain techniques and CHAID
techniques was done. Clustering was also done to predict the occurrence of breast cancer. The results show
that there is more possibility of developing breast cancer among married working women who have breast fed less than 2.5 years in total.
This document summarizes a study that identified a novel mutation in the BRCA1 gene in breast cancer patients in West Bengal, India. Certain lifestyle factors like oral contraceptive use and abortions were found to be highly associated with increased breast cancer risk among carriers of this BRCA1 mutation. This was the first study to examine the relationship between lifestyle factors and BRCA1 mutations in this population. Identification of this novel mutation and its associations with modifiable risk factors could help with early detection and prevention efforts.
This document outlines a research protocol to study the psychosocial predictors and mitigation of problems among diabetes clients. The study aims to determine psychosocial factors that influence patients' ability to learn diabetes self-care and aims to improve quality of life by conducting an education program. Psychosocial factors like depression are known to interfere with diabetes management. The study rationale is that knowledge about diabetes is low in Nepal and complications are high, so there is a need for diabetes education. The implications are that psychosocial support from nurses and specialists can improve outcomes for diabetes patients.
Communities of Color and Participation in Breast Cancer Researchbkling
40 percent of Americans belong to a minority racial or ethnic group, yet only 2 percent of cancer clinical trials have studied enough minorities to provide useful information to these populations. In this webinar Dr. Susan Love, from the Dr. Susan Love Research Foundation, presents on the importance of including communities of color in breast cancer research, the barriers to diversifying research, and what can be done to address them.
Uterine and endometrial cancer are the most common gynecologic cancers. Risk factors include obesity, tamoxifen use, and certain genetic conditions. Diagnosis involves endometrial biopsy. Treatment typically involves hysterectomy with or without radiation or chemotherapy depending on risk factors like tumor grade and stage. New immunotherapies are showing promise for recurrent or advanced disease. Precision medicine approaches are helping to classify subtypes and identify targeted therapies.
Breast Cancer in Young Women and its Impact on Reproductive FunctionApollo Hospitals
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in developed countries. Chemotherapy for breast cancer is likely to negatively impact on reproductive function. We review current treatment; effects on reproductive function; breastfeeding and management of menopausal symptoms following breast cancer.
Report Back from SGO: What’s the Latest in Uterine Cancer?bkling
Dr. Jeannine Villella, Chief of Gynecologic Oncology at Lenox Hill Hospital, provides a comprehensive update from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Villella breaks down what the research presented at the conference means for you and discusses new developments.
Report Back from ASCO on Metastatic Breast Cancerbkling
Dr. Anne Moore, Medical Director of the Weill Cornell Breast Center, shares her experiences from the American Society of Clinical Oncology's June 2017 Conference. She also updates us on the latest research from the conference as it relates to metastatic breast cancer.
Knowledge Discovery from Breast Cancer Databaseiosrjce
In this paper, we study various factors leading to breast cancer and also a few symptoms that act as
biomarkers for the occurrence of breast cancer in women. Totally 18 factors are taken for study. Statistical
techniques are used to analyze the influence of various factors towards the disease and test for significance of
factors is also done. Besides association rule mining is attempted to generate possible factors that may lead to
breast cancer. An attempt to classify the given dataset using information gain techniques and CHAID
techniques was done. Clustering was also done to predict the occurrence of breast cancer. The results show
that there is more possibility of developing breast cancer among married working women who have breast fed less than 2.5 years in total.
This document summarizes a study that identified a novel mutation in the BRCA1 gene in breast cancer patients in West Bengal, India. Certain lifestyle factors like oral contraceptive use and abortions were found to be highly associated with increased breast cancer risk among carriers of this BRCA1 mutation. This was the first study to examine the relationship between lifestyle factors and BRCA1 mutations in this population. Identification of this novel mutation and its associations with modifiable risk factors could help with early detection and prevention efforts.
This document outlines a research protocol to study the psychosocial predictors and mitigation of problems among diabetes clients. The study aims to determine psychosocial factors that influence patients' ability to learn diabetes self-care and aims to improve quality of life by conducting an education program. Psychosocial factors like depression are known to interfere with diabetes management. The study rationale is that knowledge about diabetes is low in Nepal and complications are high, so there is a need for diabetes education. The implications are that psychosocial support from nurses and specialists can improve outcomes for diabetes patients.
Communities of Color and Participation in Breast Cancer Researchbkling
40 percent of Americans belong to a minority racial or ethnic group, yet only 2 percent of cancer clinical trials have studied enough minorities to provide useful information to these populations. In this webinar Dr. Susan Love, from the Dr. Susan Love Research Foundation, presents on the importance of including communities of color in breast cancer research, the barriers to diversifying research, and what can be done to address them.
Uterine and endometrial cancer are the most common gynecologic cancers. Risk factors include obesity, tamoxifen use, and certain genetic conditions. Diagnosis involves endometrial biopsy. Treatment typically involves hysterectomy with or without radiation or chemotherapy depending on risk factors like tumor grade and stage. New immunotherapies are showing promise for recurrent or advanced disease. Precision medicine approaches are helping to classify subtypes and identify targeted therapies.
Breast Cancer in Young Women and its Impact on Reproductive FunctionApollo Hospitals
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in developed countries. Chemotherapy for breast cancer is likely to negatively impact on reproductive function. We review current treatment; effects on reproductive function; breastfeeding and management of menopausal symptoms following breast cancer.
Report Back from SGO: What’s the Latest in Uterine Cancer?bkling
Dr. Jeannine Villella, Chief of Gynecologic Oncology at Lenox Hill Hospital, provides a comprehensive update from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Villella breaks down what the research presented at the conference means for you and discusses new developments.
Navigating Nutrition During Cancer and COVID-19bkling
Nutrition can be puzzling enough, but when you add a cancer diagnosis and a global pandemic, it’s even harder to make sense of it all. Julie Lanford, MPH, RD, CSO, LDN, "The Cancer Dietitian" for Cancer Services, will help put the pieces together so you’re equipped to navigate nutrition during cancer and COVID-19.
This document discusses fertility preservation options for pediatric and young adult cancer patients. It finds that cancer treatments can impair development and cause infertility through damage to the ovaries, uterus, testes or hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Pelvic radiation over 2 Gy, alkylating chemotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation carry higher risks. The standard options for fertility preservation are embryo and sperm cryopreservation, though oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation are gaining acceptance. No options exist yet for prepubertal boys, though experimental testicular tissue cryopreservation is available at some centers. All at-risk patients should discuss potential infertility with oncologists before starting treatment.
This study investigated the associations between premenopausal hysterectomy and oophorectomy with breast cancer risk among black and white women in North Carolina between 1993 and 2001. The study found:
1) Both bilateral oophorectomy and hysterectomy without oophorectomy were associated with lower odds of breast cancer compared to no premenopausal surgery.
2) The estimates did not vary by race and were similar for hormone receptor-positive and hormone receptor-negative cancers.
3) Use of estrogen-only menopausal hormone therapy did not attenuate the associations between premenopausal surgery and lower breast cancer risk.
HPV is the cause of cervical cancer. There is a long lag between infection and development of cancer. There are two major opportunities to prevent this entirely preventable cancer.
This case study evaluated the effectiveness of adding cetuximab to radiotherapy for the treatment of squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 424 patients were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy alone or radiotherapy plus cetuximab. The study found that combining cetuximab with radiotherapy significantly increased both the duration of control of locoregional disease and overall survival rates compared to radiotherapy alone, with a 32% reduced risk of locoregional progression and a 26% reduced risk of death. Common adverse effects of cetuximab included rash and hypersensitivity reactions.
Bc and Hormones Presentation_Jan 2019_ ReferencesKristinRojas1
This document summarizes 15 peer-reviewed studies on the relationships between hormone therapy and breast cancer risk. The studies examined factors like joint estrogen and progesterone receptor status, marital status, reproductive behaviors, discontinuation of hormone therapy, and types of hormonal contraceptives. Overall, the studies presented varying and sometimes conflicting findings on the impacts of hormones on breast cancer risk.
This document debunks 25 common myths about breast cancer. Some key facts presented include:
- Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death in women. The global burden will continue increasing to over 19 million new cases per year by 2025.
- While genetics play a role, lifestyle factors like obesity, lack of exercise, alcohol consumption, and reproductive/hormonal factors account for the majority of breast cancer cases.
- Regular self-exams and mammograms can help detect lumps early. Early detection does not guarantee a pain-free process but does increase chances of successful treatment.
- While not a complete cure, treatment which may include surgery
YCN Breast Educational Meeting 2015 -Network breast data-Geoff HallJay Naik
This document discusses using data from the Patient Pathway Manager (PPM) database to analyze breast cancer outcomes and patterns of recurrence over time. It analyzed data on 1,000 breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1999-2002, following them through 2012 to record survival rates, progression-free survival, and time to recurrence. The data showed declining survival rates with each subsequent recurrence. The document proposes expanding PPM to integrate additional data sources to better analyze comorbidities and their impact on cancer outcomes. This would allow more comprehensive study of topics like how diabetes affects outcomes for different cancer types.
Black women experience higher rates of breast cancer and mortality compared to other groups in the US. Some factors that may contribute include less access to screening and treatment, as well as a higher frequency of more aggressive tumor subtypes like triple negative breast cancer. Research has found Black women are also more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancers that have exhausted immune cells surrounding the tumor. Factors like ancestry, a stronger pro-inflammatory response, lower breastfeeding rates, and lower vitamin D levels may all play a role in the increased aggressiveness seen in Black women's breast cancers. Ongoing research aims to better understand and address these disparities.
Cervical cancer is caused by HPV infection, with HPV found in over 99% of cervical cancer cases worldwide. While HPV infection is common, only a small percentage of infected women develop cervical cancer, influenced by cofactors like smoking and oral contraceptive use. Prospective studies established HPV's central role and identified risk factors. The development of an HPV vaccine within 15 years of the discovery of HPV's role offers potential to significantly reduce the cervical cancer burden.
All in the Family: Hereditary Risk for Gynecologic Cancerbkling
Knowing and understanding your inherited genetics is important for ovarian and uterine cancer patients. Dr. Melissa Frey, gynecologic oncologist at Weill Cornell Medicine, discusses how genetic factors affect women with ovarian and uterine cancer and influence treatment decisions, with a particular focus on BRCA1 & 2 and Lynch Syndrome.
This webinar was being put on in partnership with FORCE.
Dr. Jennifer Mueller, gynecologic cancer surgeon at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, will share research updates on uterine/endometrial cancer and other new developments in treatment and surgery.
1) The document discusses whether oncologists should routinely discuss fertility preservation options with cancer patients of childbearing age.
2) It reviews guidelines published in 2006 by the American Society of Clinical Oncology recommending that oncologists address potential treatment-induced infertility.
3) However, several national surveys since 2006 found that oncologists are still not routinely discussing fertility risks or referring patients to specialists.
1) Around 12% of women in the US will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. Rates decreased after 2002 due to reduced hormone replacement therapy use.
2) Risk factors for breast cancer include family history, genetic mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2, older age, and hormone replacement therapy use for more than 5 years.
3) The type of progestin used in MHT impacts breast cancer risk, with some progestins increasing risk more than others. Estrogen-only therapy may slightly increase risk compared to no therapy.
The document discusses a potential collaboration between LifeArc and Biocartis to develop a circulating tumor ESR1 Mutation Test using Biocartis' Idylla platform. The test would detect mutations in the ESR1 gene indicative of resistance to endocrine hormone therapy in metastatic breast cancer. LifeArc has expertise in diagnostic development and Biocartis has an automated molecular testing platform. The test could help guide treatment decisions for breast cancer patients by monitoring their risk of resistance to hormone therapies.
This document provides information about breast cancer trends and facts. It discusses:
- Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Incidence rates have been rising but mortality rates have been declining since 1989 due to earlier detection and improved treatments.
- Risk factors include age, family history, dense breasts, obesity, hormone therapy use, alcohol consumption and lack of physical activity. Molecular subtypes have different survival rates and prevalence among racial groups.
- Screening guidelines and risk assessment tools can help determine screening recommendations for average and high-risk women. Lifestyle changes like diet, exercise and weight management may lower risk. Targeted therapies have improved survival for HER2
The document discusses 10 common myths about cancer, including that all cancers are the same, that cell phones cause cancer, and that a positive attitude alone can cure cancer. It explains that while there is no single cure for cancer as a broad category, individual cancers can be cured through various treatments. It also debunks myths that artificial sweeteners and cancer screenings always find cancerous lumps. The document aims to provide accurate information about cancer and dispel widely believed misconceptions.
This document provides an overview of breast cancer, including epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, screening and prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points include:
- Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and a heterogeneous disease at the molecular level.
- Risk factors include gender, age, family history, benign breast disease, and hormonal or reproductive factors.
- Screening methods include breast self-exam, clinical exam, mammography, and MRI. Screening recommendations depend on risk level.
- Diagnosis involves determining hormone receptor and HER2 status. Molecular subtypes include luminal A/B, HER2-positive, and triple negative.
- Treatment involves surgery, radiation
1. The three most common cancers in women in India are breast cancer, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer.
2. Breast cancer refers to malignant tumors that develop from breast cells. Risk factors include family history and lifestyle factors like smoking. Early detection involves screening mammography for women over 45-50.
3. Cervical cancer is often caused by HPV infection and can be prevented through Pap smear screening and HPV vaccination. Early cancers usually don't cause symptoms.
The document summarizes research on the potential relationship between fertility drugs and ovarian cancer risk. It describes several studies, including a 2013 Cochrane review of 25 studies involving over 182,000 women. The Cochrane review found no evidence that fertility drugs increase the risk of invasive ovarian cancer compared to untreated subfertile women. It found a possible increased risk of borderline ovarian tumors in women treated with IVF. However, some studies showing increased risk had high risk of bias. Overall, more high-quality research is still needed to determine if a definitive cancer risk exists.
The document summarizes an article from The LANCET Oncology journal about the epidemiology of breast cancer. It includes details about the journal such as its impact factor and indexing. The summary highlights that breast cancer risk is associated with factors that increase estrogen exposure like early menarche and late menopause. Childbearing and breastfeeding may reduce risk. While only a minority of cases are linked to gene mutations, changes to modifiable risk factors like obesity and alcohol consumption could lower breast cancer incidence. The conclusion states that identifying new lifestyle risk factors and chemoprevention trials may further progress in battling breast cancer.
Navigating Nutrition During Cancer and COVID-19bkling
Nutrition can be puzzling enough, but when you add a cancer diagnosis and a global pandemic, it’s even harder to make sense of it all. Julie Lanford, MPH, RD, CSO, LDN, "The Cancer Dietitian" for Cancer Services, will help put the pieces together so you’re equipped to navigate nutrition during cancer and COVID-19.
This document discusses fertility preservation options for pediatric and young adult cancer patients. It finds that cancer treatments can impair development and cause infertility through damage to the ovaries, uterus, testes or hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Pelvic radiation over 2 Gy, alkylating chemotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation carry higher risks. The standard options for fertility preservation are embryo and sperm cryopreservation, though oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation are gaining acceptance. No options exist yet for prepubertal boys, though experimental testicular tissue cryopreservation is available at some centers. All at-risk patients should discuss potential infertility with oncologists before starting treatment.
This study investigated the associations between premenopausal hysterectomy and oophorectomy with breast cancer risk among black and white women in North Carolina between 1993 and 2001. The study found:
1) Both bilateral oophorectomy and hysterectomy without oophorectomy were associated with lower odds of breast cancer compared to no premenopausal surgery.
2) The estimates did not vary by race and were similar for hormone receptor-positive and hormone receptor-negative cancers.
3) Use of estrogen-only menopausal hormone therapy did not attenuate the associations between premenopausal surgery and lower breast cancer risk.
HPV is the cause of cervical cancer. There is a long lag between infection and development of cancer. There are two major opportunities to prevent this entirely preventable cancer.
This case study evaluated the effectiveness of adding cetuximab to radiotherapy for the treatment of squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 424 patients were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy alone or radiotherapy plus cetuximab. The study found that combining cetuximab with radiotherapy significantly increased both the duration of control of locoregional disease and overall survival rates compared to radiotherapy alone, with a 32% reduced risk of locoregional progression and a 26% reduced risk of death. Common adverse effects of cetuximab included rash and hypersensitivity reactions.
Bc and Hormones Presentation_Jan 2019_ ReferencesKristinRojas1
This document summarizes 15 peer-reviewed studies on the relationships between hormone therapy and breast cancer risk. The studies examined factors like joint estrogen and progesterone receptor status, marital status, reproductive behaviors, discontinuation of hormone therapy, and types of hormonal contraceptives. Overall, the studies presented varying and sometimes conflicting findings on the impacts of hormones on breast cancer risk.
This document debunks 25 common myths about breast cancer. Some key facts presented include:
- Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death in women. The global burden will continue increasing to over 19 million new cases per year by 2025.
- While genetics play a role, lifestyle factors like obesity, lack of exercise, alcohol consumption, and reproductive/hormonal factors account for the majority of breast cancer cases.
- Regular self-exams and mammograms can help detect lumps early. Early detection does not guarantee a pain-free process but does increase chances of successful treatment.
- While not a complete cure, treatment which may include surgery
YCN Breast Educational Meeting 2015 -Network breast data-Geoff HallJay Naik
This document discusses using data from the Patient Pathway Manager (PPM) database to analyze breast cancer outcomes and patterns of recurrence over time. It analyzed data on 1,000 breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1999-2002, following them through 2012 to record survival rates, progression-free survival, and time to recurrence. The data showed declining survival rates with each subsequent recurrence. The document proposes expanding PPM to integrate additional data sources to better analyze comorbidities and their impact on cancer outcomes. This would allow more comprehensive study of topics like how diabetes affects outcomes for different cancer types.
Black women experience higher rates of breast cancer and mortality compared to other groups in the US. Some factors that may contribute include less access to screening and treatment, as well as a higher frequency of more aggressive tumor subtypes like triple negative breast cancer. Research has found Black women are also more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancers that have exhausted immune cells surrounding the tumor. Factors like ancestry, a stronger pro-inflammatory response, lower breastfeeding rates, and lower vitamin D levels may all play a role in the increased aggressiveness seen in Black women's breast cancers. Ongoing research aims to better understand and address these disparities.
Cervical cancer is caused by HPV infection, with HPV found in over 99% of cervical cancer cases worldwide. While HPV infection is common, only a small percentage of infected women develop cervical cancer, influenced by cofactors like smoking and oral contraceptive use. Prospective studies established HPV's central role and identified risk factors. The development of an HPV vaccine within 15 years of the discovery of HPV's role offers potential to significantly reduce the cervical cancer burden.
All in the Family: Hereditary Risk for Gynecologic Cancerbkling
Knowing and understanding your inherited genetics is important for ovarian and uterine cancer patients. Dr. Melissa Frey, gynecologic oncologist at Weill Cornell Medicine, discusses how genetic factors affect women with ovarian and uterine cancer and influence treatment decisions, with a particular focus on BRCA1 & 2 and Lynch Syndrome.
This webinar was being put on in partnership with FORCE.
Dr. Jennifer Mueller, gynecologic cancer surgeon at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, will share research updates on uterine/endometrial cancer and other new developments in treatment and surgery.
1) The document discusses whether oncologists should routinely discuss fertility preservation options with cancer patients of childbearing age.
2) It reviews guidelines published in 2006 by the American Society of Clinical Oncology recommending that oncologists address potential treatment-induced infertility.
3) However, several national surveys since 2006 found that oncologists are still not routinely discussing fertility risks or referring patients to specialists.
1) Around 12% of women in the US will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. Rates decreased after 2002 due to reduced hormone replacement therapy use.
2) Risk factors for breast cancer include family history, genetic mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2, older age, and hormone replacement therapy use for more than 5 years.
3) The type of progestin used in MHT impacts breast cancer risk, with some progestins increasing risk more than others. Estrogen-only therapy may slightly increase risk compared to no therapy.
The document discusses a potential collaboration between LifeArc and Biocartis to develop a circulating tumor ESR1 Mutation Test using Biocartis' Idylla platform. The test would detect mutations in the ESR1 gene indicative of resistance to endocrine hormone therapy in metastatic breast cancer. LifeArc has expertise in diagnostic development and Biocartis has an automated molecular testing platform. The test could help guide treatment decisions for breast cancer patients by monitoring their risk of resistance to hormone therapies.
This document provides information about breast cancer trends and facts. It discusses:
- Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Incidence rates have been rising but mortality rates have been declining since 1989 due to earlier detection and improved treatments.
- Risk factors include age, family history, dense breasts, obesity, hormone therapy use, alcohol consumption and lack of physical activity. Molecular subtypes have different survival rates and prevalence among racial groups.
- Screening guidelines and risk assessment tools can help determine screening recommendations for average and high-risk women. Lifestyle changes like diet, exercise and weight management may lower risk. Targeted therapies have improved survival for HER2
The document discusses 10 common myths about cancer, including that all cancers are the same, that cell phones cause cancer, and that a positive attitude alone can cure cancer. It explains that while there is no single cure for cancer as a broad category, individual cancers can be cured through various treatments. It also debunks myths that artificial sweeteners and cancer screenings always find cancerous lumps. The document aims to provide accurate information about cancer and dispel widely believed misconceptions.
This document provides an overview of breast cancer, including epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, screening and prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points include:
- Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and a heterogeneous disease at the molecular level.
- Risk factors include gender, age, family history, benign breast disease, and hormonal or reproductive factors.
- Screening methods include breast self-exam, clinical exam, mammography, and MRI. Screening recommendations depend on risk level.
- Diagnosis involves determining hormone receptor and HER2 status. Molecular subtypes include luminal A/B, HER2-positive, and triple negative.
- Treatment involves surgery, radiation
1. The three most common cancers in women in India are breast cancer, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer.
2. Breast cancer refers to malignant tumors that develop from breast cells. Risk factors include family history and lifestyle factors like smoking. Early detection involves screening mammography for women over 45-50.
3. Cervical cancer is often caused by HPV infection and can be prevented through Pap smear screening and HPV vaccination. Early cancers usually don't cause symptoms.
The document summarizes research on the potential relationship between fertility drugs and ovarian cancer risk. It describes several studies, including a 2013 Cochrane review of 25 studies involving over 182,000 women. The Cochrane review found no evidence that fertility drugs increase the risk of invasive ovarian cancer compared to untreated subfertile women. It found a possible increased risk of borderline ovarian tumors in women treated with IVF. However, some studies showing increased risk had high risk of bias. Overall, more high-quality research is still needed to determine if a definitive cancer risk exists.
The document summarizes an article from The LANCET Oncology journal about the epidemiology of breast cancer. It includes details about the journal such as its impact factor and indexing. The summary highlights that breast cancer risk is associated with factors that increase estrogen exposure like early menarche and late menopause. Childbearing and breastfeeding may reduce risk. While only a minority of cases are linked to gene mutations, changes to modifiable risk factors like obesity and alcohol consumption could lower breast cancer incidence. The conclusion states that identifying new lifestyle risk factors and chemoprevention trials may further progress in battling breast cancer.
1) The study examined risk factors and tumor histopathology of 224 uninsured female breast cancer patients in Pakistan.
2) Results showed patients had higher rates of early marriage, abortion, stress, family cancer history, and diseases like diabetes and hypertension.
3) Histopathological analysis found patients aged 40 and under had higher rates of grade III tumors, 1-3 lymph node metastases, and hormone receptor negative status, indicating more advanced disease.
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. This case-control study assessed risk factors for cervical cancer in 75 women diagnosed with cervical cancer and 75 age-matched controls in India. The study found significant associations between cervical cancer and factors such as lower education, rural residence, use of old cloth sanitary napkins, early age at marriage, husband having multiple partners, lack of washing after intercourse, and poor access to healthcare services. Daily bathing and bathing during menstruation were found to be preventive. Logistic regression showed that lack of healthcare utilization and presence of sexually transmitted infections were significantly associated with cervical cancer. The study aims to identify cervical cancer risk factors to enable early screening and diagnosis.
SUO_HCM4004_W2_A2_Estevez_Maria.docxby Maria Estevez.docxpicklesvalery
SUO_HCM4004_W2_A2_Esteve
z_Maria.docx
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SUO_HCM4004_W2_A2_Estevez_Maria.docx
ORIGINALITY REPORT
PRIMARY SOURCES
Submitted to EDMC
St udent Paper
A. Clements. "Diagnosed with breast cancer
while on a f amily history screening programme:
an exploratory qualitative study.", European
Journal of Cancer Care/09615423, 20080501
Publicat ion
Submitted to Walden University
St udent Paper
P Hopwood. "Surviving breast cancer: can
women expect to 'get back to normal'?", Breast
Cancer Research, 2008
Publicat ion
orca.cf .ac.uk
Int ernet Source
SUO_HCM4004_W2_A2_Estevez_Maria.docxby Maria EstevezSUO_HCM4004_W2_A2_Estevez_Maria.docxORIGINALITY REPORTPRIMARY SOURCES
Diagnosed with breast cancer while on a family history
screening programme: an exploratory qualitative study
A. CLEMENTS, bsc, senior research nurse, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group,
University of Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, B.J. HENDERSON, phd, research psycholo-
gist, Institute of Medical & Social Care Research, Ardudwy, Normal Site, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd,
S. TYNDEL, ba, research officer, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group, University of
Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, G. EVANS, md frcp, consultant in medical genetics,
Department of Clinical Genetics, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, K. BRAIN, phd, senior research fellow,
Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, J. AUSTOKER, phd,
director, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group, University of Oxford, Department of
Primary Health Care, Oxford, & E. WATSON, phd, deputy director, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Educa-
tion Research Group, University of Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, UK for the PIMMS Study
Management Group*
CLEMENTS A., HENDERSON B.J., TYNDEL S., EVANS G., BRAIN K., AUSTOKER J. & WATSON E. FOR
THE PIMMS STUDY MANAGEMENT GROUP (2008) European Journal of Cancer Care 17, 245–252
Diagnosed with breast cancer while on a family history screening programme: an exploratory qualitative study
Mammographic screening is offered to many women under 50 in the UK who are at moderate or high risk of
developing breast cancer because of their family history of the disease. Little is understood about the impact
of screening on the emotional well-being of women with a family history of breast cancer. This qualitative
study explores the value that women at increased risk placed on screening, both pre- and post-cancer diagnosis
and the impact of the diagnosis. In-depth inte ...
This study examined risk factors for breast cancer in Senegalese women through a case-control study of 212 breast cancer patients and 424 controls. The results found that a family history of breast cancer, illiteracy, premenopausal status, and unemployment were associated with increased breast cancer risk. Reproductive factors like age of menarche, parity, and breastfeeding history were not associated with risk. The early average age of diagnosis and association with family history suggests a genetic component to breast cancer risk in Senegalese women. However, further genetic investigation was not possible due to financial limitations.
This study analyzed 69 patients with both breast and thyroid cancer to investigate the timing and features of these cancers. Results found that thyroid cancer tended to develop later in life when associated with breast cancer, while breast cancer occurred earlier when associated with thyroid cancer. Significantly more patients experienced breast cancer first before thyroid cancer. Genetically, the cancers were less aggressive as no BRCA or BRAF mutations were found and Ki-67 expression and recurrence rates were low. While correlations between the cancers were seen, the specific mechanism allowing their dual development remains unclear due to some missing patient data limitations.
Diagnosed with breast cancer while on a family historyscreen.docxduketjoy27252
Diagnosed with breast cancer while on a family history
screening programme: an exploratory qualitative study
A. CLEMENTS, bsc, senior research nurse, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group,
University of Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, B.J. HENDERSON, phd, research psycholo-
gist, Institute of Medical & Social Care Research, Ardudwy, Normal Site, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd,
S. TYNDEL, ba, research officer, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group, University of
Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, G. EVANS, md frcp, consultant in medical genetics,
Department of Clinical Genetics, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, K. BRAIN, phd, senior research fellow,
Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, J. AUSTOKER, phd,
director, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group, University of Oxford, Department of
Primary Health Care, Oxford, & E. WATSON, phd, deputy director, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Educa-
tion Research Group, University of Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, UK for the PIMMS Study
Management Group*
CLEMENTS A., HENDERSON B.J., TYNDEL S., EVANS G., BRAIN K., AUSTOKER J. & WATSON E. FOR
THE PIMMS STUDY MANAGEMENT GROUP (2008) European Journal of Cancer Care 17, 245–252
Diagnosed with breast cancer while on a family history screening programme: an exploratory qualitative study
Mammographic screening is offered to many women under 50 in the UK who are at moderate or high risk of
developing breast cancer because of their family history of the disease. Little is understood about the impact
of screening on the emotional well-being of women with a family history of breast cancer. This qualitative
study explores the value that women at increased risk placed on screening, both pre- and post-cancer diagnosis
and the impact of the diagnosis. In-depth interviews were undertaken with 12 women, aged 35–50, diagnosed
with breast cancer while on an annual mammographic screening programme. Women described the strong
sense of reassurance gained from screening prior to diagnosis. This faith in screening was reinforced by early
detection of their cancer. Reactions to diagnosis ranged from devastation to relief at having finally developed
a long-expected condition. Despite their positive attitudes about screening, not all women wanted to continue
with surveillance. For some, prophylactic mastectomy was preferable, to reduce future cancer risk and to
alleviate anxieties about the detection of another cancer at each subsequent screen. This study illustrates the
positive yet diverse attitudes towards mammographic screening in this group of women with a family history
of breast cancer.
Keywords: breast cancer, early screening programme, family history, qualitative.
Correspondence address: Alison Clements, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group, University of Oxford, Department of Pr.
Diagnosed with breast cancer while on a family historyscreen.docxlynettearnold46882
Diagnosed with breast cancer while on a family history
screening programme: an exploratory qualitative study
A. CLEMENTS, bsc, senior research nurse, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group,
University of Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, B.J. HENDERSON, phd, research psycholo-
gist, Institute of Medical & Social Care Research, Ardudwy, Normal Site, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd,
S. TYNDEL, ba, research officer, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group, University of
Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, G. EVANS, md frcp, consultant in medical genetics,
Department of Clinical Genetics, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, K. BRAIN, phd, senior research fellow,
Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, J. AUSTOKER, phd,
director, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group, University of Oxford, Department of
Primary Health Care, Oxford, & E. WATSON, phd, deputy director, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Educa-
tion Research Group, University of Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, UK for the PIMMS Study
Management Group*
CLEMENTS A., HENDERSON B.J., TYNDEL S., EVANS G., BRAIN K., AUSTOKER J. & WATSON E. FOR
THE PIMMS STUDY MANAGEMENT GROUP (2008) European Journal of Cancer Care 17, 245–252
Diagnosed with breast cancer while on a family history screening programme: an exploratory qualitative study
Mammographic screening is offered to many women under 50 in the UK who are at moderate or high risk of
developing breast cancer because of their family history of the disease. Little is understood about the impact
of screening on the emotional well-being of women with a family history of breast cancer. This qualitative
study explores the value that women at increased risk placed on screening, both pre- and post-cancer diagnosis
and the impact of the diagnosis. In-depth interviews were undertaken with 12 women, aged 35–50, diagnosed
with breast cancer while on an annual mammographic screening programme. Women described the strong
sense of reassurance gained from screening prior to diagnosis. This faith in screening was reinforced by early
detection of their cancer. Reactions to diagnosis ranged from devastation to relief at having finally developed
a long-expected condition. Despite their positive attitudes about screening, not all women wanted to continue
with surveillance. For some, prophylactic mastectomy was preferable, to reduce future cancer risk and to
alleviate anxieties about the detection of another cancer at each subsequent screen. This study illustrates the
positive yet diverse attitudes towards mammographic screening in this group of women with a family history
of breast cancer.
Keywords: breast cancer, early screening programme, family history, qualitative.
Correspondence address: Alison Clements, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group, University of Oxford, Department of Pr.
Assignment 2 Final Project Part III Designing a StudyYou are t.docxrock73
Assignment 2: Final Project Part III: Designing a Study
You are the hospital administrator in a medium-sized, urban, for-profit hospital that caters to middle-income groups. You wonder if patients' satisfaction with the hospital stay will increase significantly if they are given better and more flexible meal options. You decide to conduct a research study to find the answer. The first step is to design the study.
Design a descriptive study to investigate if better meal options will increase patient satisfaction. Include the following elements of design:
1. Develop a research question or purpose of the study
2. Selection of subjects for study (what is the sample)
3. Assignment of subjects to experimental or control groups
4. Study time period
5. Type of data to be gathered
6. Measures of meal options and of patient satisfaction
7. Method of data collection
8. Guidelines for data interpretation
After you complete building the study design, list three design elements you considered in your study that were not readily obvious in the one you read last week “Diagnosed with Breast Cancer While on a Family History Screening Programme: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.”
By Tuesday, February 21, 2017, submit your study design and list of three identified design elements in a Word document to the W3: Assignment 2 Dropbox.
Diagnosed with breast cancer while on a family history
screening programme: an exploratory qualitative study
A. CLEMENTS, bsc, senior research nurse, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group,
University of Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, B.J. HENDERSON, phd, research psycholo-
gist, Institute of Medical & Social Care Research, Ardudwy, Normal Site, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd,
S. TYNDEL, ba, research officer, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group, University of
Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, G. EVANS, md frcp, consultant in medical genetics,
Department of Clinical Genetics, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, K. BRAIN, phd, senior research fellow,
Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, J. AUSTOKER, phd,
director, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group, University of Oxford, Department of
Primary Health Care, Oxford, & E. WATSON, phd, deputy director, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Educa-
tion Research Group, University of Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, UK for the PIMMS Study
Management Group*
CLEMENTS A., HENDERSON B.J., TYNDEL S., EVANS G., BRAIN K., AUSTOKER J. & WATSON E. FOR
THE PIMMS STUDY MANAGEMENT GROUP (2008) European Journal of Cancer Care 17, 245–252
Diagnosed with breast cancer while on a family history screening programme: an exploratory qualitative study
Mammographic screening is offered to many women under 50 in the UK who are at moderate or high risk of
developing breast cancer because of their family history of the disease. Little is understoo ...
Breast cancer metastasis and drug resistanceSpringer
This document summarizes epidemiological studies on breast cancer in women. It finds that breast cancer incidence and mortality rates increase with age and are higher among white women than black women in the US. Known risk factors for breast cancer identified through epidemiological studies include race, family history, genetics, reproductive factors like age of menarche and menopause, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive and hormone use, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, obesity, and height. Certain genetic mutations are also implicated in some breast cancer cases.
Breast cancer displays wide variation in phenotypes even among a relatively homogenous patients of the same ethnicity. Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor phenotypes occur together in similar patterns. In this study, ER and PR followed the same trends in several aspects; namely, they were both expressed as positive in the majority of patients and both positive states were strongly correlated with higher Ki67 expression. Other poor prognostic factors were not correlated in this study. The majority of cancers represented by this group of records were intermediate to high grade (poorly differentiated) and thus had relatively unfavorable prognoses. This data characterization provides the foundation and framework for a future study in identifying the hypothesized molecular markers (mRNA, miRNA, and DNA) for oligomet
EVALUATION OF BREAST CANCER AND ITS RELATION WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASES: AN OR...DrHeena tiwari
This study evaluated the association between periodontitis and breast cancer in Brazilian women. 67 cases of breast cancer were compared to 134 age-matched controls. Cases had greater clinical attachment loss than controls. Women diagnosed with periodontitis had 2-3 times higher odds of breast cancer than those without periodontitis after adjusting for covariates. This suggests a significant association between periodontitis and increased risk of breast cancer.
Professor Soo Downe presenting at the Doctoral Midwifery Research Society Alcohol & Medication in Pregnancy Conferene about 'Which horse for which courses? The EBM Problem in studies of pharmacological substances in maternity care'.
The KRAS-Variant Is Associated with Risk of Developing Double Primary Breast ...UCLA
A germline microRNA binding site-disrupting variant, the KRAS-variant (rs61764370), is associated with an increased risk of developing several cancers. Because this variant is most strongly associated with ovarian cancer risk in patients from hereditary breast and ovarian families (HBOC), and with the risk of premenopausal triple negative breast cancer, we evaluated the association of the KRAS-variant with women with personal histories of both breast and ovarian cancer, referred to as double primary patients.
This document provides an overview of ovarian cancer, including risk factors, pathology, diagnosis, screening, staging, and management. Some key points include:
- Ovarian cancer accounts for 3-4% of cancers in women and is the fourth leading cause of cancer death.
- Risk factors include family history, ethnicity, reproductive history, and use of hormones.
- Diagnosis involves physical exam, tumor markers like CA-125, ultrasound, CT or MRI to determine if a mass is benign or malignant.
- Staging follows the FIGO system from I to IV depending on extent of spread. Surgery and chemotherapy are the primary treatments.
Cancer 101 provides an overview of cancer including definitions, statistics, risk factors, and lifestyle measures for prevention. It reviews that cancer is abnormal cell growth, the second leading cause of death, and risk is increased by certain lifestyle behaviors like poor nutrition, lack of exercise, stress, sleep issues, and toxic exposures. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, managing stress, adequate sleep, and avoiding toxins can help lower cancer risks.
This document discusses ovarian cancer prevention. It notes that ovarian cancer risk increases with age and factors like family history and endometriosis. Screening is not recommended for average risk women as trials found it did not reduce mortality and caused harm. Two main types of ovarian cancer have different origins - type II tumors often originate in the fallopian tubes. Prevention strategies discussed include risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomies, oral contraceptives, metformin, NSAIDs, vitamins, and physical activity, which may reduce inflammation and hormones linked to cancer.
1. Ø The strongest two sources we used are the pooled analysis and the
prospective cohort studies. The weakest source is case control.
Ø All the articles demonstrated a positive correlation between
nulliparity and risk of ovarian cancer.
Ø Some of the limitations of most of the studies are that they did not
control for potential confounding variables such as socioeconomic
status and age.
Ø A few articles had potential risks for selection biases such as
Berkson's bias and recall bias. Some women were admitted to the
hospital for other medical conditions, which can increase the risk
for ovarian cancer.
Ø A possible reason for the positive association between nulliparity
and ovarian cancer has been attributed to the changes that a woman
undergoes during pregnancy. During this time, her ovaries do not
release additional eggs, and there are changes in the levels of
different hormones in her body. These changes are thought to help
protect women against ovarian cancer.
Ø Additionally, according to the pooled analysis article, another
reason for this positive association is the “incessant ovulation”
hypothesis, which postulates that every ovulation provokes micro-
traumas to the ovaries and exposure to follicular fluid. This is
suggested to increase the risk of ovarian cancer.
Nulliparity
and
Ovarian
Cancer
Nour
Matar
-‐
Zaynab
Albahrani
–
Jady
Lubin
–
Sophia
El
moumni
Epidemiology,
Faculty
of
Health
Sciences
of
the
University
of
OUawa
Discussion
Results
Introduction
Methods
Abstract
References
Pooled
analysis
Reproductive
factors and risk
of ovarian cancer
Factors and Risk of
Epithelial Ovarian
Cancer
Risk factors for ovarian
cancer
Hormonal risk factors for
ovarian cancer
Infertility, fertility drugs, and
invasive ovarian cancer
Risk Factors for Invasive Epithelial
Ovarian Cancer
Reproductive and hormonal factors and
ovarian cancer
Figure 1: Hierarchy of research design of the articles used from strongest to
weakest
Figure 2. Reprinted by: Riman, T., Dickman, P., Nilsson, S., Correia, N., & al, e. (2001). Risk Factors for
Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Results from a Swedish Case-Control Study, 367.
Figure 3. Reprinted by: Mosgaard, B., Lidegaard, O., Kjaer, S.K., & al, e. (1997). Infertility,
fertility drugs, and invasive ovarian cancer: a case-control study, 1008.
Ø Ovarian cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in one or both of the
ovaries that can spread to different parts of the body. Epithelial ovarian
cancer is the most common, in which the spread of the cancer begins from
the epithelial tissue covering the ovaries.
Ø The main symptoms of epithelial ovarian cancer are abdominal pain,
eating disorders and urinary problems (Webmed, 2013).
Ø According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 21 290 women
are newly diagnosed with ovarian cancer in America and about 14 180
women die because of it each year (American Cancer society, 2015).
“Is there an association between nulliparity and the risk of developing
ovarian cancer for women in North America and Europe?”
Ø This study aimed to assess a relationship between ovarian cancer and and
nulliparity ( i.e. does nulliparity increase the risk of developing ovarian
cancer), through a structured literature review.
Search Strategy
“Nulliparity AND risk of
ovarian cancer”
Included Search Words:
“United States of
America”, “Canada”,
“Europe”.
Excluded any non-English
articles
Database used:
Medline Ovid (n=233)
After Reading Abstracts,
Excluded:
(n=1) Obesity
(n=2) Specific Ethnicity
(n=2) Infertility
(n=4) Different cancers
Studies Used (n=8)
Prospective Cohort Studies (n=2)
Case-Control Studies (n=5)
Pooled Analysis (n=1)
Potential Articles for
Structured Literature
Review (n=17)
Conclusion
Ø There was a positive correlation between nulliparity and
ovarian cancer.
Ø For future directions, more research should be done to
reduce the amount of regular ovulations for women who
decide not to have children in order to decrease the micro-
traumas to the ovaries. However, it is important that this
treatment does not result in any negative impacts on a
woman’s health.
Ø Furthermore, as stated in one of the aforementioned
articles, further studies are needed to examine whether the
various histological types of tumors have different
etiologies (Hankinson, 1995).
Association between nulliparity and the risk of ovarian cancer : A Structured
Literature Review
Nour Matar1, Zaynab Albahrani2, Jady Lubin3, Sophia El moumni4
1Fourth year Health Sciences student at the University of Ottawa. 2 Fourth year
Health Sciences student at the University of Ottawa. 3 Fourth year Health Sciences
student at the University of Ottawa. 4 Fourth year Health Sciences student at the
University of Ottawa.
Background: Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer, especially
in white women. About 50% of the diagnosis are among age 63 years and older
(American Cancer Society, 2015). Previous studies have shown an association
between reproductive factors such as nulliparity and postmenopausal ovarian
cancer (Hankinson, 2012).
Objective: To determine if an association exists between nulliparity and the
development of ovarian cancer for women in North America and Europe.
Method: Conducting a structured literature review through databases such as
Medline (Ovid).
Results: Obtained 17 different studies, chose 8 of which 2 were prospective
cohort, 5 were Case-Control, 1 was a pooled analysis (meta-analysis). Obtained
RRs , ORs, and CIs depending on the study.
Conclusion: A positive correlation between nulliparity and the development of
ovarian cancer was found.
Figure 4. Reprinted by: Chiaffarino, F., Pelucchi, C., Parazzini, F., & al, e. (2001). Reproductive and
hormonal factors and ovarian cancer, 339
Meta-‐Analysis
Prospec/ve
Cohort
Case-‐Controls
Name of Study Type of
study
Sample population Quantitative Measurements Results
1. Hormonal risk factors
for ovarian cancer in the
Albanian case-control
study
Case-
control
study
Cases
N = 283
Age: 24-74
Controls
N = 1019
-Frequency and distribution
analysis
-Chi square test of Pearson
-P-values (significant if <0.05)
-Odds Ratios OR (12.5)
-95% CI
- Strong association between
nulliparous women and ovarian
cancer risk.
- Decreased risk with increasing
number of childbirths.
2. Pooled analysis of 3
European case-control
studies: I. Reproductive
factors and risk of
epithelial ovarian cancer.
Meta-
analysis of
3 cases-
controls
studies
(Italy, UK
and Greece)
1st Study (Italy)
Cases
N = 755
Age: <75
Women with ovarian cancer
Controls
N = 2033
2nd Study (UK)
Cases
N = 235
Age: <65
Women with ovarian cancer
Controls
N = 451
3rd Study (Greece)
Cases
N = 150
Women with malignant ovarian
cancer
Controls
N = 250
-Relative Risk
0 children RR (1)
1 child RR (0.7)
3 children RR (0.5)
4 children RR (0.3)
-95 % CI
- Nulliparity and delay of first birth
until the age of 35 increases the risk.
- Having more children is a
protective factor for ovarian cancer.
3. Ovarian epithelial
tumors and reproductive
factors
Case-
control
study
Cases
N = 1031
Age: median of 56
Women with histologically confirmed ovarian
cancer
Controls
N = 2411
Age: median of 57
Women with the same geographical areas and
admitted to the same hospitals as cases, with acute
conditions unrelated to risk factors for ovarian cancer.
-Odds ratio
3 births OR (0.6)
> 4 births: OR (0.4)
-95% CI
Multiparity was associated with a
significant reduction in risk of
ovarian cancer.
4. Infertility, fertility
drugs, and invasive
ovarian cancer: a case-
control study
Case-
control
study
Cases
N = 684
Age: 18-59
Exclusion criteria:
Non-Danish inhabitants, those who had
malignancies other than ovarian cancer.
Controls
N = 1721
Women matched for area of residence and day/month
of birth.
Exclusion criteria: women who had undergone
bilateral oophorectomy
-Odds ratios
1 birth OR (0.47 to 1.02)
≥ 2 birth OR (0.33 to 0.69)
-95% CI
-Nulliparous women had an
increased risk of ovarian cancer
compared with parous women
-Nulliparity implies a 1.5 to 2 fold
increased risk of ovarian cancer.
5. Risk factors for
invasive Epithelial
Ovarian Cancer: Results
from a Swedish Case-
Control Study
Case-
control
study
Cases
N = 655 cases
Age: 50-74
Exclusion criteria: Women without any
previous ovarian malignancies or bilateral
oophorectomy.
Controls
N = 4148
Randomly selected women from a continuously
updated population register
Exclusion criteria: women who reported previous
bilateral oophorectomy.
-Parity reduced epithelial
ovarian cancer risk
-Odds ratio OR (0.61) for
uniparous compared with
nulliparous women.
-95% CI
-Parity reduced risk for uniparous
compared with nulliparous women
6. Reproductive factors
and risk of ovarian
cancer: a prospective
study
Prospective
cohort study
N = 63,090
Age: 27-69
Exclusion criteria: surgical removal of one or both ovaries, or other operations on the ovaries or
hysterectomy.
-Odds ratios >5 births OR (0.4)
-95% CI
-The risk of ovarian cancer declined
with increasing parity.
7. A Prospective Study of
Reproductive Factors and
Risk of Epithelial Ovarian
Cancer
Prospective
cohort study
N = 121,700
Age: 30-55
Female registered nurses
Exclusion criteria: participants who were diagnosed with cancer or who removed one or both ovaries.
-Relative Risk (RR) between
parity and ovarian cancer = 0.84
-95% CI
-A statistically significant inverse
association was observed between
parity and ovarian cancer risk.
8. Risk Factors for
Ovarian Cancer: a case
control-study
Case
Control
Study
Cases
N = 235
Diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer
Controls
N = 451
-Relative risk (RR) between
parity and ovarian cancer = 1.7
-95 % CI
-Nulliparous women had
a higher risk of ovarian cancer than
parous women
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