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The amygdala is an almond-shaped group of nuclei located deep in the temporal lobe of the brain. It is involved in processing emotions and emotional reactions. Three studies examined the amygdala: 1) A post-mortem study found no significant difference in amygdala volume between schizophrenia patients and controls. 2) An fMRI study found increased left amygdala activation in manic patients compared to controls when viewing faces. 3) A PET study found that amygdala activation during a public speaking task could predict which social phobia patients' symptoms would improve after cognitive behavioral therapy or medication.
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1. The document discusses the role of the amygdala in criminal and aggressive behavior and whether amygdala dysfunctions should be considered a disease.
2. It reviews research showing the amygdala is activated during anger, anxiety, fear and aggression and is involved in emotional processing and behavioral responses.
3. Neuroimaging studies have found reduced amygdala volume and activation in individuals with psychopathy or antisocial personality disorder compared to controls. This suggests amygdala dysfunction may be a core pathology in these conditions.#36417 Topic Discussion 3Number of Pages 1 (Double Spaced).docx
#36417 Topic: Discussion 3
Number of Pages: 1 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 1
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Master
Category: Psychology
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions:
I will upload the instruction
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Recording the Brain’s Metabolic and Synaptic Activity
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Section Summary
· ■ Neurochemical Methods
Finding Neurons That Produce Particular Neurochemicals
Localizing Particular Receptors
Measuring Chemicals Secreted in the Brain
Section Summary
· ■ Genetic Methods
Twin Studies
Adoption Studies
Genomic Studies
Targeted Mutations
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In July 1982, several young people began showing up at neurology clinics in northern California displaying dramatic, severe symptoms (Langston et al., 1983). The most severely affected patients were almost totally paralyzed. They were unable to speak intelligibly, they drooled constantly, and their eyes were open with a fixed stare. Others, less severely affected, walked with a slow, shuffling gait and moved slowly and with great difficulty. The symptoms looked like those of Parkinson’s disease, but that disorder has a very gradual onset. In addition, it rarely strikes people before late middle age, and the patients were all in their twenties or early thirties.
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#36420 Topic: Discussion 6
Number of Pages: 1 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 1
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Master
Category: Psychology
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions:
I will upload the instruction
Module Chapter 5 wk6 p630
chapter 5 Methods and Strategies of Research
Outline
· ■ Experimental Ablation
Evaluating the Behavioral Effects of Brain Damage
Producing Brain Lesions
Stereotaxic Surgery
Histological Methods
Tracing Neural Connections
Studying the Structure of the Living Human Brain
Section Summary
· ■ Recording and Stimulating Neural Activity
Recording Neural Activity
Recording the Brain’s Metabolic and Synaptic Activity
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Section Summary
· ■ Neurochemical Methods
Finding Neurons That Produce Particular Neurochemicals
Localizing Particular Receptors
Measuring Chemicals Secreted in the Brain
Section Summary
· ■ Genetic Methods
Twin Studies
Adoption Studies
Genomic Studies
Targeted Mutations
Antisense Oligonucleotides
Section Summary
In July 1982, several young people began showing up at neurology clinics in northern California displaying dramatic, severe symptoms (Langston et al., 1983). The most severely affected patients were almost totally paralyzed. They were unable to speak intelligibly, they drooled constantly, and their eyes were open with a fixed stare. Others, less severely affected, walked with a slow, shuffling gait and moved slowly and with great difficulty. The symptoms looked like those of Parkinson’s disease, but that disorder has a very gradual onset. In addition, it rarely strikes people before late middle age, and the patients were all in their twenties or early thirties.
The common factor linking these patients was intravenous drug use; all of them had been taking a “new heroin,” a synthetic opiate related to meperidine (Demerol). Some detective work revealed that the illicit drug was contaminated with MPTP, a toxic chemical that damaged dopaminergic neurons and caused the neurological symptoms. Because the symptoms looked like those of Parkinson’s disease, the patients were given L-DOPA, the drug that is used to treat this disease, and they all showed significant improvement in their symptoms. Unfortunately, the improvement was temporary; the drug lost its effectiveness.
Fetal transplantation, an experimental neurosurgical method of treating parkinsonism, has shown some promise. The rationale for the procedure is this: The symptoms of parkinsonism, whether from Parkinson’s disease or the toxic effects of MPTP, are caused by the lack of dopamine in the caudate nucleus and putamen. There is at present no way to induce the brain to grow new dopaminergic neurons. However, if dopamine-secreting neurons can be introduced into the caudate nucleus and putamen and if they survive and secrete dopamine, then perhaps the parkinsonian symptoms will diminish. Because the implanted neurons must be healthy and vigorous and not trigger the .
chapter2-Cognitive-Neuroscience
The document discusses various methods used to study the human brain including postmortem studies, animal studies, and imaging techniques. Postmortem studies examine the brain after death to identify abnormalities associated with certain behaviors or conditions. Animal studies involve inserting microelectrodes into animal brains to monitor single neuron activity or selectively lesioning areas to observe functional deficits. Imaging techniques discussed include EEG, PET, fMRI and MRI which produce images of brain activity and anatomy. The document also outlines the main structures of the brain including the cerebral cortex, limbic system, midbrain, hindbrain and lobes.
Drugan Notes- Biological Perspective
The biological perspective studies the relationship between brain activity and consciousness. Methods include correlational studies comparing behavior to brain damage from strokes or injuries, as well as stimulation studies where parts of the brain are deliberately stimulated. Famous cases like Phineas Gage and Clive Wearing provided insights after they suffered brain injuries, with Gage's personality changing after frontal lobe damage and Wearing developing severe anterograde amnesia.
#36421 Topic Discussion 7Number of Pages 1 (Double Spaced).docx
#36421 Topic: Discussion 7
Number of Pages: 1 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 1
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Master
Category: Psychology
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: ATTACHED
I will upload the instruction
Module Chapter 5 wk6 p630
chapter 5 Methods and Strategies of Research
Outline
· ■ Experimental Ablation
Evaluating the Behavioral Effects of Brain Damage
Producing Brain Lesions
Stereotaxic Surgery
Histological Methods
Tracing Neural Connections
Studying the Structure of the Living Human Brain
Section Summary
· ■ Recording and Stimulating Neural Activity
Recording Neural Activity
Recording the Brain’s Metabolic and Synaptic Activity
Stimulating Neural Activity
Section Summary
· ■ Neurochemical Methods
Finding Neurons That Produce Particular Neurochemicals
Localizing Particular Receptors
Measuring Chemicals Secreted in the Brain
Section Summary
· ■ Genetic Methods
Twin Studies
Adoption Studies
Genomic Studies
Targeted Mutations
Antisense Oligonucleotides
Section Summary
In July 1982, several young people began showing up at neurology clinics in northern California displaying dramatic, severe symptoms (Langston et al., 1983). The most severely affected patients were almost totally paralyzed. They were unable to speak intelligibly, they drooled constantly, and their eyes were open with a fixed stare. Others, less severely affected, walked with a slow, shuffling gait and moved slowly and with great difficulty. The symptoms looked like those of Parkinson’s disease, but that disorder has a very gradual onset. In addition, it rarely strikes people before late middle age, and the patients were all in their twenties or early thirties.
The common factor linking these patients was intravenous drug use; all of them had been taking a “new heroin,” a synthetic opiate related to meperidine (Demerol). Some detective work revealed that the illicit drug was contaminated with MPTP, a toxic chemical that damaged dopaminergic neurons and caused the neurological symptoms. Because the symptoms looked like those of Parkinson’s disease, the patients were given L-DOPA, the drug that is used to treat this disease, and they all showed significant improvement in their symptoms. Unfortunately, the improvement was temporary; the drug lost its effectiveness.
Fetal transplantation, an experimental neurosurgical method of treating parkinsonism, has shown some promise. The rationale for the procedure is this: The symptoms of parkinsonism, whether from Parkinson’s disease or the toxic effects of MPTP, are caused by the lack of dopamine in the caudate nucleus and putamen. There is at present no way to induce the brain to grow new dopaminergic neurons. However, if dopamine-secreting neurons can be introduced into the caudate nucleus and putamen and if they survive and secrete dopamine, then perhaps the parkinsonian symptoms will diminish. Because the implanted neurons must be healthy and vigorous and not t.
Brain Impairments in ADHD
This is a paper I wrote for school on brain impairments in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with a focus on neuroanatomical differences and connectivity patterns. I reviewed findings from various studies, considered their limitations, and proposed directions for future research.
Intro to the brain pp
This document provides an introduction to the human brain, including objectives, key terms, and examples of research studies. It discusses the principles of localization of function and brain plasticity. Examples are given of different methods neurologists use to study the brain, including post-mortem examination, analysis of brain damage cases, and modern brain imaging technologies like MRI and fMRI. Specific studies summarized include Rosenzweig on brain plasticity in rats, Dimasio on Phineas Gage's frontal lobe damage, and Corkin on patient H.M.'s hippocampal removal.
Targets of Antidepressant Therapy
This document summarizes research on how antidepressants reverse the effects of depression in the hippocampus. It finds that depression causes changes in specific regions of the hippocampus like the dentate gyrus and CA1/CA3 regions. These changes include decreased volume, lower concentrations of proteins like BDNF, decreased dendritic spine density, and altered synaptic impulse speeds. Antidepressants target these deficiencies by increasing hippocampal volume, protein concentrations, dendritic spine density, and synaptic impulse speeds through neuroplasticity. However, one antidepressant may not be enough, so a new technique called polypharmacy uses two antidepressants to more precisely target the various causes of depression.
#36391 Topic Homeland Recovery and Continuity of OperationsNum.docx
#36391 Topic: Homeland Recovery and Continuity of Operations
Number of Pages: 4 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 4
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Undergraduate
Category: Criminology
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: ATTACHED
The National Security Presidential Directive-51/Homeland Security Presidential Directive-20 (NSPD-51/HSPD-20) and the National Continuity Policy Implementation Plan (NCPIP), is an effort within individual executive departments and agencies to ensure that Primary Mission Essential Functions (PMEFs) continue to be performed during a wide range of emergencies, including localized acts of nature, accidents and technological or attack-related emergencies. (https://www.fema.gov/continuity-operations)
1.Define Homeland Recovery and Continuity of Operations, including a brief overview (1- or 2-sentence summary) of each of the four phases of COOP.
2.Select and discuss in detail one of the four phases of COOP.
Assignment Expectations
Assignments should be at least 3 full pages double-spaced, not counting the cover or reference page. Paper format: (a) Cover page, (b) Header, (c) Body. Submit your assignment by the last day of this module.
#36415 Topic: Discussion 1
Number of Pages: 1 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 1
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Master
Category: Psychology
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: ATTACHED
I will upload the instruction
Module Chapter 5 wk6 p630
chapter 5 Methods and Strategies of Research
Outline
· ■ Experimental Ablation
Evaluating the Behavioral Effects of Brain Damage
Producing Brain Lesions
Stereotaxic Surgery
Histological Methods
Tracing Neural Connections
Studying the Structure of the Living Human Brain
Section Summary
· ■ Recording and Stimulating Neural Activity
Recording Neural Activity
Recording the Brain’s Metabolic and Synaptic Activity
Stimulating Neural Activity
Section Summary
· ■ Neurochemical Methods
Finding Neurons That Produce Particular Neurochemicals
Localizing Particular Receptors
Measuring Chemicals Secreted in the Brain
Section Summary
· ■ Genetic Methods
Twin Studies
Adoption Studies
Genomic Studies
Targeted Mutations
Antisense Oligonucleotides
Section Summary
In July 1982, several young people began showing up at neurology clinics in northern California displaying dramatic, severe symptoms (Langston et al., 1983). The most severely affected patients were almost totally paralyzed. They were unable to speak intelligibly, they drooled constantly, and their eyes were open with a fixed stare. Others, less severely affected, walked with a slow, shuffling gait and moved slowly and with great difficulty. The symptoms looked like those of Parkinson’s disease, but that disorder has a very gradual onset. In addition, it rarely strikes people before late middle age, and the patients were all in their twenties or early thirties.
The common factor linking t.
04 functional neuroanatomy
The brain is formed of three main areas - the brain stem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex. The brain stem controls autonomic functions and sensory/motor pathways. The cerebellum is responsible for balance, coordination, and cognitive functions. The cerebral cortex is divided into left and right hemispheres, with different functions localized to specific lobes and areas.
main
The document is a thesis that examines the calculation of reward prediction in behaving animals. It provides background on the dopamine reward system in the brain and reinforcement learning. Key findings from experiments show that dopamine neuron firing encodes prediction error - the difference between expected and actual rewards. Over time as animals learn reward associations, dopamine firing decreases, reflecting reduced unpredictability. The thesis aims to model behavioral data from mice using a temporal difference learning algorithm and reinforcement learning principles.
What is going on in psychiatry when nothing seems to happen
1. New tools like two-photon microscopy, optogenetics, and white matter tractography are allowing researchers to visualize brain structures and activity in vivo with greater precision, providing insights into cognitive disorders like schizophrenia.
2. Studies using these tools suggest abnormalities in dendritic spines, disrupted connectivity between brain regions, and altered glial cell activity may be involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis.
3. Emerging areas of research like the human microbiome, epigenetics, and de novo mutations may also provide clues about schizophrenia etiology and potential new treatment targets.
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IB Psychology Paper 1 Biological Level of Analysis
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Original article Amygdala pharmacology and crime behavior,disfunctions to be ...
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#36417 Topic Discussion 3Number of Pages 1 (Double Spaced).docx
#36417 Topic Discussion 3Number of Pages 1 (Double Spaced).docx
#36420 Topic Discussion 6Number of Pages 1 (Double Spaced).docx
#36420 Topic Discussion 6Number of Pages 1 (Double Spaced).docx
#36421 Topic Discussion 7Number of Pages 1 (Double Spaced).docx
#36421 Topic Discussion 7Number of Pages 1 (Double Spaced).docx
#36391 Topic Homeland Recovery and Continuity of OperationsNum.docx
#36391 Topic Homeland Recovery and Continuity of OperationsNum.docx
What is going on in psychiatry when nothing seems to happen
What is going on in psychiatry when nothing seems to happen
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