This document discusses professional reasoning in occupational therapy. It defines professional reasoning as the process practitioners use to plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care. It involves different types of reasoning: scientific, narrative, pragmatic, ethical, interactive, and conditional. The document provides examples of questions therapists may ask themselves that demonstrate each type of reasoning when working with clients. It also discusses Schell's ecological model of reasoning and how professional reasoning develops along a continuum from novice to expert.
Employment is important for personal identity and as a source of friends as well as improved income and the benefits this brings. Individual Placement Support (IPS) must deliver the 7 principles of evidence-based employment e.g. we must focus on real employment not voluntary work. The combination of clinical support alongside employment support is vital and we must retain the opportunity to work with anyone who wants to give it a try.
Communication can be an important clinical tool in the repertoire of a physician which can change a patient's experience of healthcare from good to great. If you are a doctor, you need to know these basics of effective communication to be trusted by your patients!
How To Become A Mental Health Counselor Palo Alto UniversityPalo Alto University
Learn how to become a mental health counselor in this presentation by William Snow, Ph.D.- Director of the Master's in Counseling Program at Palo Alto University.
In order to succeed in medical profession, every healthcare professional including dentists must be competent at least in two areas – in medicine (to be able to absorb knowledge, master the decision-making process, and have practical skills) and communication (communication skills to deal with people – patients, their family members, colleagues, administrative workers, laymen and other medical staff).
family members, colleagues, administrative workers, always obtained medical knowledge and skills in schools. However, they learn communication skills once they are in practice using a trial-and-error method. This is because some senior colleagues used to think that the best way of learning is to put a medical student into the real-world situation where they will find out what is good and what is wrong when dealing with patients. The key idea behind this is that man will learn to swim quickly if he is thrown into deep water.
Employment is important for personal identity and as a source of friends as well as improved income and the benefits this brings. Individual Placement Support (IPS) must deliver the 7 principles of evidence-based employment e.g. we must focus on real employment not voluntary work. The combination of clinical support alongside employment support is vital and we must retain the opportunity to work with anyone who wants to give it a try.
Communication can be an important clinical tool in the repertoire of a physician which can change a patient's experience of healthcare from good to great. If you are a doctor, you need to know these basics of effective communication to be trusted by your patients!
How To Become A Mental Health Counselor Palo Alto UniversityPalo Alto University
Learn how to become a mental health counselor in this presentation by William Snow, Ph.D.- Director of the Master's in Counseling Program at Palo Alto University.
In order to succeed in medical profession, every healthcare professional including dentists must be competent at least in two areas – in medicine (to be able to absorb knowledge, master the decision-making process, and have practical skills) and communication (communication skills to deal with people – patients, their family members, colleagues, administrative workers, laymen and other medical staff).
family members, colleagues, administrative workers, always obtained medical knowledge and skills in schools. However, they learn communication skills once they are in practice using a trial-and-error method. This is because some senior colleagues used to think that the best way of learning is to put a medical student into the real-world situation where they will find out what is good and what is wrong when dealing with patients. The key idea behind this is that man will learn to swim quickly if he is thrown into deep water.
Ethical and Legal Foundations of PMHNP Care Across the LifespanIBetseyCalderon89
Ethical and Legal Foundations of PMHNP Care Across the Lifespan
In your role as a PMHNP, you will regularly encounter situations that require your ability to make sound judgments and practice decisions for the safety and well-being of individuals, families, and communities. There may not be a clear-cut answer of how to address the issue, but your ethical decision making must be based on evidence-based practice and what is good, right, and beneficial for patients. You will encounter patients who do not hold your values, but you must remain professional and unbiased in the care you provide to all patients regardless of their background or worldview. You must be prepared to critically analyze ethical situations and develop an appropriate plan of action.
· Analyze salient ethical and legal issues in psychiatric-mental health practice
· Analyze the impact of cultural considerations on ethical/legal decision making in advanced practice nursing
· Evaluate mastery of nurse practitioner knowledge in preparation for the nurse practitioner national certification examination*Discussion: Ethical and Legal Foundations of PMHNP Care
Advanced practice nursing in all specialties is guided by codes of ethics that put the care, rights, duty, health, and safety of the patient first and foremost. PMHNP practice is also guided by ethical codes specifically for psychiatry. These ethical codes are
frameworks to guide clinical decision making; they are generally not prescriptive. They also represent the aspirational ideals for the profession. Laws, on the other hand, dictate the requirements that must be followed. In this way, legal codes may be thought to represent the minimum standards of care, and ethics represent the highest goals for care.
Photo Credit: [Hero Images]/[Hero Images]/Getty Images
For this Discussion, you select a topic that has both legal and ethical implications for PMHNP practice and then perform a literature review on the topic. Your goal will be to identify the most salient legal and ethical facets of the issue for PMHNP practice, and also how these facets differ in the care of adult patients versus children.
Keep in mind as you research your issue, that laws differ by state and your clinical practice will be dictated by the laws that govern your state.To Prepare
·
Select one of the following ethical/legal topics:
· Autonomy
· Beneficence
· Justice
· Fidelity
· Veracity
· Involuntary hospitalization and due process of civil commitment
· Informed assent/consent and capacity
· Duty to warn
· Restraints
· HIPPA
· Child and elder abuse reporting
· Tort law
· Negligence/malpractice
·
locate a total of four scholarly, professional, or legal resources related to this topic. One should address ethical considerations related to this topic for adults, one should be on ethical considerations related to this topic for children/adolescents, one should be on legal considerations related to this ...
chapter10Issues in Theory and PracticeIntroductionEthical JinElias52
chapter
10
Issues in Theory and Practice
Introduction
Ethical practice requires a solid theoretical framework. Therapists’ theoretical positions and conceptual views influence how they practice. Ideally, theory helps practitioners make sense of what they hear in counseling sessions. In this chap- ter we address a variety of interrelated ethical issues, such as why a theory has both practical and ethical implications, the goals and techniques that are based on a theoretical orientation, the role of assessment and diagnosis in the therapeutic process, issues in psychological testing, and issues surrounding evidence-based practices (EBPs).
Clinicians must be able to conceptualize what they are doing in their coun- seling sessions and why they are doing it. Sometimes practitioners have difficulty explaining why they use certain counseling interventions. When you first meet a new client, for example, what guidelines would you use in putting into a the- oretical perspective what clients tell you? What do you want to accomplish in this initial session? Can you explain your theoretical understanding of how peo- ple change in a clear and straightforward way? Think about how your theoretical viewpoint influences your decisions on questions such as these:
• What are your goals for counseling? • What techniques and interventions would you use to reach your goals? • What value do you place on evidence-based treatment techniques? • What is the role of assessment and diagnosis in the counseling process? • How do you make provisions for cultural diversity in your assessment and
treatment plans? • Does the client’s presenting problem influence the specific assessments you
choose to use? • How does your theoretical viewpoint influence the specific assessment mea-
sures you choose to use with clients? • How flexible are you in your approach? • What connections do you see between theory and practice? • Do you consult with colleagues on matters pertaining to theory and practice?
LO1
Developing a Counseling Style
Theories of counseling are based on worldviews, each with its own values, biases, and assumptions of how best to bring about change in the therapeutic process. Contemporary theories tend to be oriented toward individual change and are grounded in values that emphasize choice, the uniqueness of the individual, self-assertion, and ego strength (see Chapter 4). Many of these assumptions are inappropriate for evaluating clients from cultures that focus on interdependence, de-emphasize individuality, and emphasize being in harmony with the universe. In some cultures, basic life values tend to be associated with a focus on inner expe- rience and an acceptance of one’s environment. Within cultures that focus more on the social framework than on development of the individual, a traditional
therapeutic model has limitations. In addition, it is not customary for many client populations to seek professional help, and they will typically turn first to informal system ...
The Interprofessional Team Immersion (IPTI) offers students across 13 health professions opportunities to apply their skills in cross-professional communication, teamness, and patient-centered engagement. The experience is characterized by high stakes cases carefully designed to cultivate an atmosphere conducive to rapid teambuilding and compassionate patient care. Within a safe learning environment, faculty and students acquire understanding of roles and responsibilities as well as skills to manage complex cases. This presentation will describe and demonstrate the rationale, design, and implementation of IPTI over a three-year period. Findings suggest significant increase in IPTI students’ perceptions of cooperation, resource sharing and communication skills for team-based practice. Programmatic evaluation substantiates the value students place on practicing interprofessional clinical skills before and while in their clinical-community rotations. Debriefing sessions with standardized patients enhanced students’ knowledge and appreciation for patient engagement and shared decision-making culminating for some in scholarly products. In total, findings provide beneficial insight for other interprofessional educational and collaborative practice initiatives taking place at the University and in the community. Learn more about IPEC at University of New England ipec(at)une(dot)edu or follow us on Twitter @UNEIPE
What are the advantages and disadvantages of various models of training for clinical psychologists? Why is a firm grounding in psychological science important for future clinical psychologists?
2. What obstacles face clinical psychologists who specialize in private practice?
3. How will managed care affect the practice of clinical psychology? What advantages might clinical psychologists have in a managed care environment?
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of obtaining prescription privileges? How might this pursuit affect graduate training?
5. What technological innovations are likely to influence the practice of clinical psychology?
6. What important diversity and ethical issues guide the practice of clinical psychology?
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Our major goal is to help you achieve your academic goals. We are commited to helping you get top grades in your academic papers.We desire to help you come up with great essays that meet your lecturer's expectations.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/
Learn how to assess internal (research/project team) and external (patient/public partner) readiness to engage in health research.
CHI's Lunchtime Learning is open to all researchers, decision-makers, clinicians, patients and members of the public who want to learn more about the theory and practice of meaningful, inclusive, and safe patient and public engagement.
Following this session, attendees should be able to:
• Describe the importance of conducting readiness assessments prior to engagement;
• Describe key concepts for assessing internal and external readiness; and
• Conduct readiness assessments in planning patient engagement.
Read the pillars” carefully. Reflect on these 5 pillars and y.docxalisondakintxt
Read the “pillars” carefully. Reflect on these 5 pillars and your experience and goals.
Which of the 5 will be the toughest challenge for you on your engineering journey?
Why? Which of the 5 seems logical and easiest for you? Why?
Write a thoughtful reflection that includes all 5 questions. Length should be no more
than 2 pages. Double space.
Pillars
The Pillars comprise the core of an engineering leader. Students in the Leadership
Academy will hone abilities by engaging in a minimum of 3 learning opportunities for
each of the 5 Pillars (15 overall) to develop as EP2IC leaders.
ETHICAL
Leaders espouse humility, honesty, and ethical practices. They are committed to civic
engagement and dedicated service to others. Leaders have strong morals and put their
integrity ahead of personal or professional gains.
PURPOSEFUL
Leaders are flexible life-long learners who attack each day with purpose. They are
introspective and aware of personal strengths, weaknesses, beliefs, and
biases. Leaders’ honest self-understanding allows them to make meaningful life and
career decisions.
PROFESSIONAL
Leaders are polished individuals. They present strong personal brands, maximize
networking opportunities, and positively influence others. Leaders exhibit tact and
business savvy to skillfully navigate personal and organizational dynamics.
INCLUSIVE
Leaders are globally prepared individuals who value difference. They seek out diverse
team members and ensure inclusive environments where the convergence of cultures
and ideas drive innovation. Leaders work for positive change by recognizing and
addressing privilege, oppression, and systems of inequality in the world.
COLLABORATIVE
Leaders articulate compelling vision and inspire others. They draw from many
perspectives on leadership to guide their practice, using exceptional communication
skills, humor, and emotional intelligence to resolve conflicts and build relationships.
Leaders understand group dynamics, team-building, how to empower others, and solve
complex problems.
Final Paper (30 points) is due by 11:59 PM on Week #10.
In this assignment you will write a brief case study related to your specialization. Your task is to formulate an intervention plan / process based on your assessment of the problem/s. The case study should be one page or less single spaced, including both current presentation and related history.
Include the following in your intervention planning and implementation:
· Choose any evidence-informed intervention that we have studied to apply.
· Discuss assessment issues from the case study that have informed your decision around which evidence-informed intervention to choose. Why did you choose this type of intervention? What are other ways that you could intervene, and why did you not choose those options?
· Who would you include in the intervention process?
· Consider micro, mezzo and m.
National institute of higher education system is providing training and devel...Royal Ceramics Lanka PLC
This assignment is based on type of the National Institute of Higher Education System is providing training and development in sri lanka, now is planning to start a degree providing school for the institute. Therefore it is need to communicate with the public. That means target market which is students and parents
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethical and Legal Foundations of PMHNP Care Across the LifespanIBetseyCalderon89
Ethical and Legal Foundations of PMHNP Care Across the Lifespan
In your role as a PMHNP, you will regularly encounter situations that require your ability to make sound judgments and practice decisions for the safety and well-being of individuals, families, and communities. There may not be a clear-cut answer of how to address the issue, but your ethical decision making must be based on evidence-based practice and what is good, right, and beneficial for patients. You will encounter patients who do not hold your values, but you must remain professional and unbiased in the care you provide to all patients regardless of their background or worldview. You must be prepared to critically analyze ethical situations and develop an appropriate plan of action.
· Analyze salient ethical and legal issues in psychiatric-mental health practice
· Analyze the impact of cultural considerations on ethical/legal decision making in advanced practice nursing
· Evaluate mastery of nurse practitioner knowledge in preparation for the nurse practitioner national certification examination*Discussion: Ethical and Legal Foundations of PMHNP Care
Advanced practice nursing in all specialties is guided by codes of ethics that put the care, rights, duty, health, and safety of the patient first and foremost. PMHNP practice is also guided by ethical codes specifically for psychiatry. These ethical codes are
frameworks to guide clinical decision making; they are generally not prescriptive. They also represent the aspirational ideals for the profession. Laws, on the other hand, dictate the requirements that must be followed. In this way, legal codes may be thought to represent the minimum standards of care, and ethics represent the highest goals for care.
Photo Credit: [Hero Images]/[Hero Images]/Getty Images
For this Discussion, you select a topic that has both legal and ethical implications for PMHNP practice and then perform a literature review on the topic. Your goal will be to identify the most salient legal and ethical facets of the issue for PMHNP practice, and also how these facets differ in the care of adult patients versus children.
Keep in mind as you research your issue, that laws differ by state and your clinical practice will be dictated by the laws that govern your state.To Prepare
·
Select one of the following ethical/legal topics:
· Autonomy
· Beneficence
· Justice
· Fidelity
· Veracity
· Involuntary hospitalization and due process of civil commitment
· Informed assent/consent and capacity
· Duty to warn
· Restraints
· HIPPA
· Child and elder abuse reporting
· Tort law
· Negligence/malpractice
·
locate a total of four scholarly, professional, or legal resources related to this topic. One should address ethical considerations related to this topic for adults, one should be on ethical considerations related to this topic for children/adolescents, one should be on legal considerations related to this ...
chapter10Issues in Theory and PracticeIntroductionEthical JinElias52
chapter
10
Issues in Theory and Practice
Introduction
Ethical practice requires a solid theoretical framework. Therapists’ theoretical positions and conceptual views influence how they practice. Ideally, theory helps practitioners make sense of what they hear in counseling sessions. In this chap- ter we address a variety of interrelated ethical issues, such as why a theory has both practical and ethical implications, the goals and techniques that are based on a theoretical orientation, the role of assessment and diagnosis in the therapeutic process, issues in psychological testing, and issues surrounding evidence-based practices (EBPs).
Clinicians must be able to conceptualize what they are doing in their coun- seling sessions and why they are doing it. Sometimes practitioners have difficulty explaining why they use certain counseling interventions. When you first meet a new client, for example, what guidelines would you use in putting into a the- oretical perspective what clients tell you? What do you want to accomplish in this initial session? Can you explain your theoretical understanding of how peo- ple change in a clear and straightforward way? Think about how your theoretical viewpoint influences your decisions on questions such as these:
• What are your goals for counseling? • What techniques and interventions would you use to reach your goals? • What value do you place on evidence-based treatment techniques? • What is the role of assessment and diagnosis in the counseling process? • How do you make provisions for cultural diversity in your assessment and
treatment plans? • Does the client’s presenting problem influence the specific assessments you
choose to use? • How does your theoretical viewpoint influence the specific assessment mea-
sures you choose to use with clients? • How flexible are you in your approach? • What connections do you see between theory and practice? • Do you consult with colleagues on matters pertaining to theory and practice?
LO1
Developing a Counseling Style
Theories of counseling are based on worldviews, each with its own values, biases, and assumptions of how best to bring about change in the therapeutic process. Contemporary theories tend to be oriented toward individual change and are grounded in values that emphasize choice, the uniqueness of the individual, self-assertion, and ego strength (see Chapter 4). Many of these assumptions are inappropriate for evaluating clients from cultures that focus on interdependence, de-emphasize individuality, and emphasize being in harmony with the universe. In some cultures, basic life values tend to be associated with a focus on inner expe- rience and an acceptance of one’s environment. Within cultures that focus more on the social framework than on development of the individual, a traditional
therapeutic model has limitations. In addition, it is not customary for many client populations to seek professional help, and they will typically turn first to informal system ...
The Interprofessional Team Immersion (IPTI) offers students across 13 health professions opportunities to apply their skills in cross-professional communication, teamness, and patient-centered engagement. The experience is characterized by high stakes cases carefully designed to cultivate an atmosphere conducive to rapid teambuilding and compassionate patient care. Within a safe learning environment, faculty and students acquire understanding of roles and responsibilities as well as skills to manage complex cases. This presentation will describe and demonstrate the rationale, design, and implementation of IPTI over a three-year period. Findings suggest significant increase in IPTI students’ perceptions of cooperation, resource sharing and communication skills for team-based practice. Programmatic evaluation substantiates the value students place on practicing interprofessional clinical skills before and while in their clinical-community rotations. Debriefing sessions with standardized patients enhanced students’ knowledge and appreciation for patient engagement and shared decision-making culminating for some in scholarly products. In total, findings provide beneficial insight for other interprofessional educational and collaborative practice initiatives taking place at the University and in the community. Learn more about IPEC at University of New England ipec(at)une(dot)edu or follow us on Twitter @UNEIPE
What are the advantages and disadvantages of various models of training for clinical psychologists? Why is a firm grounding in psychological science important for future clinical psychologists?
2. What obstacles face clinical psychologists who specialize in private practice?
3. How will managed care affect the practice of clinical psychology? What advantages might clinical psychologists have in a managed care environment?
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of obtaining prescription privileges? How might this pursuit affect graduate training?
5. What technological innovations are likely to influence the practice of clinical psychology?
6. What important diversity and ethical issues guide the practice of clinical psychology?
PremiumEssays.net
Our major goal is to help you achieve your academic goals. We are commited to helping you get top grades in your academic papers.We desire to help you come up with great essays that meet your lecturer's expectations.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/
Learn how to assess internal (research/project team) and external (patient/public partner) readiness to engage in health research.
CHI's Lunchtime Learning is open to all researchers, decision-makers, clinicians, patients and members of the public who want to learn more about the theory and practice of meaningful, inclusive, and safe patient and public engagement.
Following this session, attendees should be able to:
• Describe the importance of conducting readiness assessments prior to engagement;
• Describe key concepts for assessing internal and external readiness; and
• Conduct readiness assessments in planning patient engagement.
Read the pillars” carefully. Reflect on these 5 pillars and y.docxalisondakintxt
Read the “pillars” carefully. Reflect on these 5 pillars and your experience and goals.
Which of the 5 will be the toughest challenge for you on your engineering journey?
Why? Which of the 5 seems logical and easiest for you? Why?
Write a thoughtful reflection that includes all 5 questions. Length should be no more
than 2 pages. Double space.
Pillars
The Pillars comprise the core of an engineering leader. Students in the Leadership
Academy will hone abilities by engaging in a minimum of 3 learning opportunities for
each of the 5 Pillars (15 overall) to develop as EP2IC leaders.
ETHICAL
Leaders espouse humility, honesty, and ethical practices. They are committed to civic
engagement and dedicated service to others. Leaders have strong morals and put their
integrity ahead of personal or professional gains.
PURPOSEFUL
Leaders are flexible life-long learners who attack each day with purpose. They are
introspective and aware of personal strengths, weaknesses, beliefs, and
biases. Leaders’ honest self-understanding allows them to make meaningful life and
career decisions.
PROFESSIONAL
Leaders are polished individuals. They present strong personal brands, maximize
networking opportunities, and positively influence others. Leaders exhibit tact and
business savvy to skillfully navigate personal and organizational dynamics.
INCLUSIVE
Leaders are globally prepared individuals who value difference. They seek out diverse
team members and ensure inclusive environments where the convergence of cultures
and ideas drive innovation. Leaders work for positive change by recognizing and
addressing privilege, oppression, and systems of inequality in the world.
COLLABORATIVE
Leaders articulate compelling vision and inspire others. They draw from many
perspectives on leadership to guide their practice, using exceptional communication
skills, humor, and emotional intelligence to resolve conflicts and build relationships.
Leaders understand group dynamics, team-building, how to empower others, and solve
complex problems.
Final Paper (30 points) is due by 11:59 PM on Week #10.
In this assignment you will write a brief case study related to your specialization. Your task is to formulate an intervention plan / process based on your assessment of the problem/s. The case study should be one page or less single spaced, including both current presentation and related history.
Include the following in your intervention planning and implementation:
· Choose any evidence-informed intervention that we have studied to apply.
· Discuss assessment issues from the case study that have informed your decision around which evidence-informed intervention to choose. Why did you choose this type of intervention? What are other ways that you could intervene, and why did you not choose those options?
· Who would you include in the intervention process?
· Consider micro, mezzo and m.
National institute of higher education system is providing training and devel...Royal Ceramics Lanka PLC
This assignment is based on type of the National Institute of Higher Education System is providing training and development in sri lanka, now is planning to start a degree providing school for the institute. Therefore it is need to communicate with the public. That means target market which is students and parents
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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OT 321
Occupation: Theory and Analysis
Professional Reasoning in Practice
W & S CH 32
Instructor
Noor Ismael, MSc, PhD, OTR/L
29/9/2019
Learning Objectives
• Understand what is professional reasoning
• Learn about different aspects of professional reasoning
• Discuss the reasoning process, and how it is embedded in practice
situations
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Introduction
Professional Reasoning
• The process that practitioners use to plan, direct, perform, and
reflect on client care.
• The term reflects less of a medical perspective and more of education
and community practices.
Professional Reasoning
Requires meta-cognitive analysis, or
“thinking about thinking”
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Professional reasoning in occupational therapy is a whole-body
process; it involves knowledge gained from different senses during
practice situations.
Aspects of Professional Reasoning
• Scientific
• Narrative
• Pragmatic
• Ethical
• Interactive
• Conditional
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Scientific Reasoning
“Scientific reasoning is used to understand the condition that is
affecting an individual and to decide on interventions that are in the
client’s best interest.”
Forms of scientific reasoning
- Diagnostic reasoning
- Procedural reasoning
- Hypothetical deductive reasoning
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Examples of scientific reasoning questions
• What is the client’s medical, educational or social condition
prompting OT involvement?
• What are the performance skills, body functions, and daily living
limitations that typically result from this condition?
• What contextual factors typically affect performance?
• What theories and research are available to guide my assessment and
intervention decisions?
Narrative Reasoning
• What occupations are the most important for this person?
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Examples of Narrative Reasoning Questions
• What are the client’s life experiences, interests, previous life
habits/routines, and meaning associated with occupational activities.
• What are past/present perceived areas of success and competence
regarding his/her daily life occupations?
• What are the client’s priorities and desired target outcomes/goals?
• What occupational activities are both meaningful to the person and
useful in fulfilling therapy goals?
Pragmatic Reasoning
Scheduling
Insurance
Equipment
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Examples of Pragmatic Reasoning Questions
• Who is paying for these services and what are their expectations?
• What are the family, caregiver and community resources available to
support intervention and follow up recommendations?
• How much time is there to work with this person?
• What space, equipment and interdisciplinary support is available for
therapy/intervention?
• What are my professional competencies and development needs?
Ethical Reasoning
• Are the risks of therapy worth the benefits?
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Examples of Ethical Reasoning Questions
• What were the benefits and risks to the person? Did the benefits warrant
the risks?
• what were determining factors in prioritizing care for this client?
• How did you resolve conflicts when there were discrepancies between
team members’, caregivers’ and the client/families goals?
• How did you address issues of documentation when the requirements for
reimbursement conflicted with standard documentation procedures?
Interactive Reasoning
• Thinking directed toward building positive interpersonal relationships
with clients, permitting collaborative problem identification and
problem solving.
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Examples of Interactive Reasoning Questions
• How can I best relate to this person?
• How can I put this person at ease?
• What is the best way for me to encourage this person?
• What cultural factors do I need to consider as I engage with this
person?
Conditional Reasoning
• “flexibly responding to changing conditions or predicting possible
client futures”
