Orthodontics terms /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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MALOCCLUSION
 COINED BY GUILFORD


TPA
 COINED BY GOSH GUERIAN


LINGUAL ARCH
 FRANCESCA MIOTTI


UTILITY ARCH
 RICKETS - ASSISTANT


COLOUR CODING FOR TRACING
CEPHALOMETRICS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, AO – VOL – 29: NO – 1: JAN 1959)

 ORIGINAL TRACING – BLACK
 INTERMEDIATE TRACING – BLUE
 RETENTION TRACING – GREEN
 FINISHED TRACING – RED
 SUBSEQUENT TRACINGS - TERRACOTTA


Jacobson – radiology (pg- 25)


Sheldon 1940 –
1. PHYSIQUE (Built)- ( Athletic, Esthetic, Plethoric)






BODY BUILD (Sheldon)
Ectomorphic – long and thin
Mesomorphic – in between
Endomorphic – short and obese

----

BUILT
Athletic
Esthetic
Plethoric

 Durer –
1. PROFILE ( Convex, Straight, Concave)
2.FACIAL FORM(Leptoprosopic, Mesoprosopic, Euryprosopic)
 Martin & saller 1957 –

1. Morphologic facial index
2. Cephalic index

FACIAL INDEX


(Martin & Saller)

FACIAL INDEX ( MARTIN & SALLER ) = BIZYGOMATIC WIDTH
Morphologic FACIAL HEIGHT ( N & GNATHION )





HYPER EURYPROSOPIC
EURYPROSOPIC
MESOPROSOPIC
LEPTOPROSOPIC



HYPER LEPTOPROSOPIC



SHAPE OF DENTAL ARCH IS RELATED TO THIS CEPHALIC AND FACIAL INDEX.
EURYPROSOPIC FACE ------- BROAD, SQUARE ARCHES. BORDER LINE CASE--- EXPANSION.
LEPTOPROSOPIC FACE ----- NARROW, TAPERING ARCHES. EXTRACTION IS PREFFERED OVER EXPANSION.










--------------- < 78.9
( LOW FACIAL HEIGHT )
--------------- 79.0 – 83
( SKELETON )
-------------- 84.0 – 87.9 ( AVERAGE SKELETON )
-------------- 88.0 – 92.9 ( HIGH FACIAL )
--------------- > 93.0

( SKELETON

)

CEPHALIC INDEX
 CEPHALIC INDEX ( MARTIN & SALLER )

( MARTIN & SALLER )

= Maximum skull width
Maximum skull length

 Dolicocephalic -- < 75.9
 Mesocephalic --- 76.0 – 80.9 ( average )
 Brachycephalic -- 81.0 – 85.4 ( average )
 HYPERBRACHYCEPHALIC -- > 85.5
SHAPE OF DENTAL ARCH IS RELATED TO THIS CEPHALIC AND FACIAL INDEX.
EURYPROSOPIC FACE ------- BROAD, SQUARE ARCHES. BORDER LINE CASE--- EXPANSION.
LEPTOPROSOPIC FACE ----- NARROW, TAPERING ARCHES. EXTRACTION IS PREFFERED OVER EXPANSION.


GOLDEN PROPORTION- FRA LUCA PACIOLI ( 1509)


GABLE BEND
 Gable bend – mulligan (Article Common Sense

Mechanics part 8)


PALATAL HEIGHT INDEX (KORKHAUS 1939)
 PALATAL HEIGHT INDEX = PALATAL HEIGHT X 100

POSTERIOR ARCH WIDTH
 AVERAGE INDEX VALUES 42%

ADAPTED FROM Harth
(1930) : the values in the
first column represent the
sum of the mesiodistal
diameters of the four
maxillary incisors : the
values in the second and
third columns indicate the
ideal anterior and posterior
arch widths respectively of
the
maxilla
and
the
mandible that correspond to
these sums

QUINTERO’S IGN
CLINICAL SUCCESS IN EARLY ORTHODONTICS TREATMENT
( ANTONIO PATTI, GUY PERRIER D’ARC, pg - 57)

 Fanning out of incisors – in primary dentition crowns
(QUINTERO’S IGN ) Radiographic sign
 Imbrication
 Root crowding


Dauntic guage
 16 calibertions, every 4th caliberation is double line.
 Each caliberation = 1 ounce, ( 1 ounce = 28.34grms)
 14th caliberation = 400grms , 17th = 500grms.


DRIFTODONTICS Dr. Sam Papandreas
 EVERY YEAR
 The mandibular anteriors uprighted an average of 8°
 The cuspids drifted distally and expanded 1.7 mm
 The molars drifted forward only 1.2 mm.


AO – 1972, 42 ; 236 - 244


Permanent tooth estimation by radiograph
 Huckaba gave radiographic assessment of any tooth

(3rd molar).



X = Y x X1
Y1

 X - the estimated size of permanent tooth
 X1 - the radiographic size of permanent tooth
 Y - the size of the primary mandibular second molar on the cast
 Y1 - the radiographic size of the primary molar


 Brass wire diameter – 0.033 inch ( G.V. 4TH EDITION – Pg -441)
 Lateral ceph enlargement will be approximately 7% the original structure

(European Journal of Orthodontics 18 (1996) 491-497).


Retention
 Class – II vector : ¾ inch or 2 – ounce elastic “W”with a tail.

(Class – II deep bite cases )
 Class – III vector :

¾ inch or 2 – ounce elastic “M”with a tail.

( Class – III open bite cases
 Class – I vector : ¾ inch or 2 – ounce elastic
“W” OR “M” without a tail.
Anterior box elastics for additional overbite correction


TWEED MERRIFIELD Diagnostic analysis
system – Jacobson (pg- 131)
 The upper lip usually thins with maturation but

thickens with maxillary incisor retraction.
 Approximately 1 mm of thickening occurs with each
4 mm of incisor retraction.
 The thickness of soft tissue chin (TC) should be equal
to the Upper lip (1:1). If it is not then the
orthodontist should compensate by incisor
positioning.


CVMI

- LAMPARSKI

 Establishment of the maturation stages of cervical

vertebrae was performed by the method proposed by
Hassel and Farman (1995), which visually analyzes
the cervical vertebrae 2 (C2), 3 (C3) and 4 (C4) as to
the formation of a concavity on the lower border and
the body morphology, establishing six stages of
skeletal maturation: 1) initiation, 2) acceleration, 3)
transition, 4) deceleration, 5) maturation, and 6)
completion.


Safety valve mechanism
 Maxillary canines erupt first and then maxillary

canines guiding the mandibular growth


C axis


G axis


Y – AXIS (JCO 1975 Apr A 4 step method)
 Dr. Brodie first employed Y – Axis as one of the

earliest lines of reference.


R – POINT (REGISTRATION POINT)
 INTRODUCED BY BROADBENT.
 A PERPENDICULAR TO SELLA IS ERRECTED FROM THE BOLTON

– NASION(Bo-N) PLANE.
 THE MID POINT OF THIS PERPENDICULAR IS CALLED THE
REGISTRATION POINT®
 TRACINGS
OF
SUCCESSIVE
CEPHALOGRAPHS
ARE
SUPERIMPOSED ON R, KEEPING Bo-n PLANES OF THESE
RADIOGRAPHS PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER


POINT – A (AJO-1980 JAN 92-96
 DOWNS – VARIATIONS IN FACIAL RELATIONSHIP: THEIR
SIGNIFICANCE IN TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS :

AJO 34:

812-840; 1948
 POINT – A REVISITED – JARABAK & FIZZELL
(A point 2mm ahead of the root apex)


Eva point (ceph land mark) JCO – 1975, june
growth prediction – 2 ( rickets)
 Named after his mother EVA
 MURRAY POINT

Named after his father
 BASICRANIAL AXIS – HUXLEY

 CRANIAL BASE TRIANGLE – (Basion – Nasion –

Gonion)
Facial axis angle ( X – Y Axis)– Aveg – 900
 RICKETS DESIGN FOR HEADGEAR – CIRCLE IN THE OUTER
BOW


Facial 1/3rd
 Da vinci and Durer(artists or renaisence) divided into 3

thirds
 Farkas(Caucasian) again divided lower 3rd into
2/3rd


Eastman correction


VTO
 DEVELOPED BY RICKETS
 COINED BY HOLDAWAY


NATURAL HEAD POSITION
 FIRST TERMEDBY BROCA


ROCKER MANDIBLE (AJODO-1987;91:117-124)
 Houghton – believes that an OBTUSE CRANIAL

BASE ANGLE is the moat important cranial factor
involved in the formation of a mandible with no
distinct ANTIGONIAL NOTCH, which is termed as
rocker mandible.


EXTRACTIONS
 CALVIN CASE – RECOMMENDED EXTRACTION OF
TEETH TO RETRACT PROCUMBENT LIPS.
ALL 4’S EXTRACTION - C. H. TWEED
UPPER 4’S AND LOWER 5’S - PERCY REYMOND BEGG
2ND MOLAR EXTRACTION - CHAPIN W. (AJO 1939;11 :
1072-8)
LOWER INISOR EXTRACTION - ALI-AKBAR BAHREMAN
(AJO 1977; 72(5): 560-567)
ALL 6’S EXTRACTION - WILKINSON
 Extraction of peg-shaped lateral incisors. (Am J Orthod
Dentofacial Orthop 2008;134:332)


PREMOLAR EXTRACTIONS
 BOURDET (1757), a disciple of PIERRE FAUCHARD,

recommended the removal of the premolars to relieve crowding.
 HUNTER (1835) – extracted the first premolars to allow incisor

retrusion in cases of posterior protrusion.
 Then extraction debate came between ANGLE and CASE.


ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY
CDE on 3 April”12. Chetan Jayade

 General considerations

A – Arch considerations & alignment
B – Bite considerations
C – Canine / Corrrection of midline
D -- Decompensation
 General guide line for Class II correction
Over jet > 10 mm
Pog to N perpendicular distance : 18 mm
Mandibular corpus length < 80 cms
Facial Ht. greater than 125 cm

 Guide lines for class III

Reverse overjet < 4 mm
Skeletal disparity > 5 mm
Mandibular corpus length > 105 mm
Facial Height greater than 125 cms


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Orthodontics terms /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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