The document discusses various types of dental injections including local infiltration, nerve blocks, and field blocks. It provides details on specific injections for the maxilla, such as the posterior superior alveolar nerve block, which is used to anesthetize the maxillary first, second, and third molars. The document describes injection techniques, target areas, and expected outcomes for different maxillary injections.
The document discusses the armamentarium used for dental injections, including the components of syringes, local anesthetic cartridges, needles, and best practices for their use. It describes the parts of aspirating syringes, local anesthetic cartridges, characteristics of different gauge needles, and proper techniques for administering injections to reduce patient discomfort and risk of complications.
This document provides information on various local anesthetic agents used by dentists, including their properties, dosages, and clinical applications. It discusses ester-type agents like procaine and propoxycaine that are no longer commonly used. It then focuses on amide-type agents still in use: lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, and articaine. For each it provides details on metabolism, onset of action, duration, maximum recommended dosages, and advantages for different clinical scenarios. The document aims to educate dentists on selecting the appropriate local anesthetic based on a patient's needs and medical history.
This document discusses local complications and systemic effects that can occur from the use of local anesthetics in dentistry. It describes various local complications including needle breakage, prolonged anesthesia, facial nerve palsy, trismus, soft tissue injury, hematoma, pain on injection, and infection. It then discusses signs and symptoms of local anesthetic overdose as well as factors that can contribute to overdose. Lastly, it provides guidance on controlling complications for special patient populations such as uncooperative children, pregnant women, and those receiving anticoagulation therapy.
The document discusses various types of dental injections including local infiltration, nerve blocks, and field blocks. It provides details on specific injections for the maxilla, such as the posterior superior alveolar nerve block, which is used to anesthetize the maxillary first, second, and third molars. The document describes injection techniques, target areas, and expected outcomes for different maxillary injections.
The document discusses the armamentarium used for dental injections, including the components of syringes, local anesthetic cartridges, needles, and best practices for their use. It describes the parts of aspirating syringes, local anesthetic cartridges, characteristics of different gauge needles, and proper techniques for administering injections to reduce patient discomfort and risk of complications.
This document provides information on various local anesthetic agents used by dentists, including their properties, dosages, and clinical applications. It discusses ester-type agents like procaine and propoxycaine that are no longer commonly used. It then focuses on amide-type agents still in use: lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, and articaine. For each it provides details on metabolism, onset of action, duration, maximum recommended dosages, and advantages for different clinical scenarios. The document aims to educate dentists on selecting the appropriate local anesthetic based on a patient's needs and medical history.
This document discusses local complications and systemic effects that can occur from the use of local anesthetics in dentistry. It describes various local complications including needle breakage, prolonged anesthesia, facial nerve palsy, trismus, soft tissue injury, hematoma, pain on injection, and infection. It then discusses signs and symptoms of local anesthetic overdose as well as factors that can contribute to overdose. Lastly, it provides guidance on controlling complications for special patient populations such as uncooperative children, pregnant women, and those receiving anticoagulation therapy.
The document discusses local anesthesia and neurophysiology. It describes how local anesthetic drugs work by increasing the firing threshold of nerves, making it harder for them to transmit pain signals. It explains that local anesthetics block sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing rapid sodium influx and the depolarization process required for an action potential. This disrupts the propagation of nerve impulses along myelinated nerves, blocking the transmission of pain sensations.
This document summarizes various techniques for maxillary osteotomies. It discusses Lefort 1 osteotomy, Lefort 1 segmental osteotomy, Lefort 3 osteotomy, subcranial Lefort 3 osteotomy, modified Lefort 3 osteotomy, and transverse maxillary distraction osteogenesis. For each technique, it provides information on history, indications, surgical anatomy, technique, complications, and modifications when applicable. The document is a guide for orthognathic surgeons on different maxillary osteotomy procedures.