Text of the State Address on COVID-19 Response (6) by His Excellency, Dr. Kayode Fayemi, CON, Governor, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Updates on the COVID-19 Ekiti State Response Ado-Ekiti on Sunday, May 31, 2020.
The presentation, "Toward full implementation of the Child’s Rights Law 2008: A Law to ‘provide and protect the Rights of the Child in the State’" is the author's original work.
The month of June this year marks the 11th anniversary of Benue State Child's Rights Law, enacted in November 2008 and gazetted on 18 November 2009. This year the UN has celebrated the 30th Anniversary of the UNCRC with fanfare since early this year; not so with Nigeria or Benue State, specifically. The objectives of this presentation are, to:
• Highlight and discuss provisions of the Benue
State Child’s Rights Law 2008;
• Identify implementation gaps that require to be
addressed; and,
• Provide a context for reflection on policy options
for better protection and safeguarding of children.
This presentation is a contribution toward better protection of the Nigerian child and better performance of Social Service in Nigeria. In 2018 CORAFID responded to the Call to Action by the Global Social Workforce Alliance (GSSWA). The call was for stakeholders to play their part toward strengthening the Social Service Workforce to Better Protect Children and Achieve the SDGs. CORAFID is one of 35 organisations that signed up to the Call.
Nathaniel is Executive Facilitator of Civil Organizations Research Advocacy and Funding Initiatives Development (CORAFID), a non-profit organization based in Benue State, Nigeria.
Child Protection
Information Sheets
What is Child Protection?
Child Protection, the MD Gs and the Millennium Declaration
Violence against Children
Protecting Children during Armed Conflict
Children Associated with Armed Groups
Children Affected by HI V/AID S
Birth Registration
Child Labour
Child Marriage
Children in Conflict with the Law
Children without Parental Care
Commercial Sexual Exploitation
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting
Trafficking
This is a story of how the Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative (NURHI) collaborated with the Government at the Federal and State levels to pull off the first of its kind virtual dissemination events in four locations - Abuja, Lagos, Kaduna and Oyo.
Ra 7277 magna carta for disabled personsAkkapp Pasig
What: (UNCRPD 2014) Persons With Disabilities Sensitivity Dialogue With Media Practitioners...
Where: Luxent Hotel (51 Timog Avenue, South Triangle 1103 Quezon City, Philippines)...
When: June 30, 2014 - Monday...
What Time: 8:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. ...
Text of the State Address on COVID-19 Response (6) by His Excellency, Dr. Kayode Fayemi, CON, Governor, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Updates on the COVID-19 Ekiti State Response Ado-Ekiti on Sunday, May 31, 2020.
The presentation, "Toward full implementation of the Child’s Rights Law 2008: A Law to ‘provide and protect the Rights of the Child in the State’" is the author's original work.
The month of June this year marks the 11th anniversary of Benue State Child's Rights Law, enacted in November 2008 and gazetted on 18 November 2009. This year the UN has celebrated the 30th Anniversary of the UNCRC with fanfare since early this year; not so with Nigeria or Benue State, specifically. The objectives of this presentation are, to:
• Highlight and discuss provisions of the Benue
State Child’s Rights Law 2008;
• Identify implementation gaps that require to be
addressed; and,
• Provide a context for reflection on policy options
for better protection and safeguarding of children.
This presentation is a contribution toward better protection of the Nigerian child and better performance of Social Service in Nigeria. In 2018 CORAFID responded to the Call to Action by the Global Social Workforce Alliance (GSSWA). The call was for stakeholders to play their part toward strengthening the Social Service Workforce to Better Protect Children and Achieve the SDGs. CORAFID is one of 35 organisations that signed up to the Call.
Nathaniel is Executive Facilitator of Civil Organizations Research Advocacy and Funding Initiatives Development (CORAFID), a non-profit organization based in Benue State, Nigeria.
Child Protection
Information Sheets
What is Child Protection?
Child Protection, the MD Gs and the Millennium Declaration
Violence against Children
Protecting Children during Armed Conflict
Children Associated with Armed Groups
Children Affected by HI V/AID S
Birth Registration
Child Labour
Child Marriage
Children in Conflict with the Law
Children without Parental Care
Commercial Sexual Exploitation
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting
Trafficking
This is a story of how the Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative (NURHI) collaborated with the Government at the Federal and State levels to pull off the first of its kind virtual dissemination events in four locations - Abuja, Lagos, Kaduna and Oyo.
Ra 7277 magna carta for disabled personsAkkapp Pasig
What: (UNCRPD 2014) Persons With Disabilities Sensitivity Dialogue With Media Practitioners...
Where: Luxent Hotel (51 Timog Avenue, South Triangle 1103 Quezon City, Philippines)...
When: June 30, 2014 - Monday...
What Time: 8:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. ...
We are organisations and individuals – from all walks of life, all ages, all religions and beliefs - who have joined together to take a stand against all forms and all sources of corruption. We do so because corruption is a cancer that infects and impacts negatively on all people and institutions throughout the country – but more so, it hampers the prosperity of the people of South Africa, especially those from the poorest and most vulnerable communities across our country.
I write this letter to you, my fellow ANC member, as our movement and our country face one
of the greatest challenges since the advent of democracy.
I am sure that you are aware that across the nation there is a sense of anger and
disillusionment at reports of corruption in our response to the coronavirus pandemic.
President Ramaphosa's first SONA (The Nation's in a State) State of the Nation speech on 2019, presented on 7th February 2019, with David Lipschitz highlighting and comments.
Download to read my comments, which you can click on in the little orange boxes in parts of the text, eg on page 3.
Text of the Address by His Excellency, Dr. Kayode Fayemi, CON
Governor, Ekiti State, Nigeria at Exco Chambers, Governor’s Office, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State on Friday, 7th May, 2021.
ANC president Cyril Ramaphosa opening statement at State Capture InquirySABC News
OPENING STATEMENT BY ANC PRESIDENT CYRIL RAMAPHOSA BEFORE THE JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF INQUIRY INTO ALLEGATIONS OF STATE CAPTURE, CORRUPTION AND FRAUD IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR INCLUDING ORGANS OF STATE
28 APRIL 2021
Similar to Opening Statement by President before SAHRC.pdf (20)
Ministry of Justice Extradition Eswatini 3.pdfSABC News
The Ministry of Justice and Correctional Services has confirmed that an extradition application for the two men linked to the murder of Kiernan 'AKA' Forbes and Tebello 'Tibz' Motsoane has been approved and sent to the Director of Public Prosecutions in eSwatini.
January’s Producer Price Index increases to 4.7%SABC News
Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) has released the Producer Price Index (PPI) for January, which rose to 4.7% year-on-year, compared with 4% in December.
MEC MAJUBA SADDENED BY THE PASSING AWAY OF THREE TEACHERS FOLLOWING A CAR ACC...SABC News
The Mpumalanga Department of Education has learnt with shock and sadness about an accident which claimed the lives of three teachers along the N4 road towards Mbombela.
Minister Gordhan Announces New Transnet Board Appointments_11 July 2023.pdfSABC News
The nine Trasnet Non-Executive Directors and the reappointment of two will serve a three-year term. Andile Sangqu has been appointed as the new Chairperson.
REMNANTS OF FREDDY BRINGS HEAVY RAINS IN SOME PARTS OF SOUTH AFRICA WHICH MIG...SABC News
The Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (CoGTA), Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma has called on communities to heed the warning from the South African Weather Service (SAWS) and the disaster management teams across the country.
Letter to the Speaker re extension 14 November 2022.pdfSABC News
Parliament's spokesperson Moloto Mothapo says retried Chief Justice Sandile Ngcobo, who is chairing the panel, has written to Mapisa-Nqakula asking for an extension.
Minister of Justice and Correctional Services Ronald Lamola’s Keynote Address...SABC News
Minister of Justice and Correctional Services Ronald Lamola’s Keynote Address at the Rand Merchant Bank Investment Big Five Investment Conference, 13 September 2022
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
1. 1
OPENING STATEMENT BY PRESIDENT CYRIL RAMAPHOSA BEFORE THE
SOUTH AFRICAN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION INVESTIGATIVE HEARING
INTO THE JULY 2021 UNREST
1 APRIL 2022
Chairperson,
I am grateful for this opportunity to address you, but also to address the people of
South Africa.
I also want to thank the South African Human Rights Commission for its decision to
conduct these investigative hearings.
For one week and one day in July 2021, we stared into the heart of darkness.
We watched in horror as parts of Kwa-Zulu/Natal and Gauteng were engulfed in
violence, looting and destruction.
We saw scenes of homes being ransacked and destroyed, and shops, businesses
and warehouses being looted and torched, and of people being beaten and humiliated.
We felt uncertain and fearful for ourselves, our loved ones, and for our country.
We felt the greatest sense of betrayal that there were amongst us those who would
go so far as to plot to destroy this very country we have spent the past 28 years
building.
As I said in an address to the nation on Friday, 16 July 2021,
“The events of the past week were nothing less than a deliberate, coordinated, and
well-planned attack on our democracy… intended to cripple the economy, cause
social instability and severely weaken – or even dislodge – the democratic state.”
We are still struggling to come to terms with the cost.
2. 2
There is the economic cost of over R50 billion rand that was wiped off our economy,
and to the livelihoods of those who looked on helplessly as their businesses were
damaged or destroyed.
There is the cost to the families of those who lost their lives so tragically, and those
who were injured.
We are grateful to those who have testified in these hearings.
As government we are taking decisive steps to ensure that such events do not happen
again, and that those behind them are brought to justice.
Chairperson,
What is also hard for us to come to terms with is how those behind the unrest cynically
took advantage of society’s most vulnerable to further their aims.
As I said in my address to the nation on Friday, 16 July 2021,
“Using the pretext of a political grievance, those behind these acts have sought to
provoke a popular insurrection.
“They have sought to exploit the social and economic conditions under which many
South Africans live – conditions that have worsened since the onset of the coronavirus
pandemic – and to provoke ordinary citizens and criminal networks to engage in
opportunistic acts of looting.
The chaos was used as a smokescreen to carry out acts of economic sabotage like
attacks on commercial trucks carrying goods, the raiding and torching of shopping
malls, factories and warehouses, and the blocking of roads and highways vital to
economic activity.
We have heard from media monitoring and data analysis agencies in these hearings
how instigators led well-orchestrated campaigns on social media to inflame racial
tensions, spread fake news and disseminate misinformation.
But try as they might, they did not turn us against each other.
To the contrary, South Africans came together as never before.
As has been the case so many times in the past, the people of South Africa showed
that they love their country dearly, and will always stand united against threats to its
security.
I will confine myself in this opening statement to a few observations:
Firstly, what were the causes of the unrest?
Secondly, how did government respond to the unrest?
3. 3
Thirdly, what remedial measures are being taken to prevent a recurrence?
On the first question, there is broad agreement that there were several contributing
factors.
The fundamental cause of this unrest was a deliberate decision by certain individuals
to instigate, coordinate and incite widespread destruction of property, violence and
looting.
The identity of these individuals and the motives for their actions are the subject of
ongoing investigations and legal proceedings.
The socio-economic conditions in the country played a role in the causes of the unrest.
This could explain why so many ordinary South Africans would participate in the
looting; risking arrest, injury and, in some cases, death.
There were likely criminal elements stoking the flames, in the seemingly well-
organised targeting of factories and warehouses but also in the violence that broke
out between certain communities in Kwa-Zulu/Natal.
The second question I would like to address is the response of the state to the unrest.
We have acknowledged that as government we were poorly prepared for an
orchestrated campaign of public violence, destruction and sabotage of this nature.
In my address on Friday 16 July 2021, I said:
“While we commend the brave actions of our security forces on the ground, we must
admit that we did not have the capabilities and plans in place to respond swiftly and
decisively.”
What this country experienced was not a popular uprising of the poor, as the peddlers
of misinformation sought to characterise it at the time.
It was not the bubbling over of discontent over an allegedly legitimate political
grievance.
It was an attempted insurrection.
That economic infrastructure was targeted in the manner that it was, shows clearly
that the intention was to bring our economy to its knees and thereby destabilise our
democracy.
Regardless of their intent, it was a situation for which we were not prepared.
While there had been intelligence reports about the possibility of instability, neither the
security services nor the government more broadly anticipated the nature, extent or
ferocity of those events.
This was a failing that we acknowledge, and which we are hard at work to address.
4. 4
On the 5th of August 2021 I appointed an expert panel to lead a thorough and critical
review of our preparedness and the shortcomings in our response.
The members of the panel were Prof Sandy Africa, as chair, Adv Mojanku Gumbi and
Mr Silumko Sokupa.
The panel submitted their report – which has become known as the Africa Report – in
December 2021.
It details the response of the various state entities to the unrest and identifies several
weaknesses and shortcomings.
It further provides specific recommendations on remedial action to safeguard the
integrity, security and stability of the country.
The Africa Report is in the public domain and has been submitted to the Human Rights
Commission.
Its findings and recommendations have been accepted by government, so I will not
dwell on the matters covered in the report.
This brings me to the third question I wish to address, namely the remedial measures
we have taken, and continue to undertake to strengthen and prepare our security
services.
To deal with the problems that impacted our state of readiness and response to the
July unrest, government has taken certain decisions regarding the intelligence
services and the police.
The work of strengthening the capacity of the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security
(JCPS) Cluster is ongoing.
We have begun the process of filling vacancies in the State Security Agency
We will be promulgating regulations that will require the intelligence structures to
provide intelligence to the National Intelligence Coordination Committee (NICOC), so
that intelligence is shared and used, properly and timeously, by relevant structures.
We will be ensuring that the NSC meets at least every two months without fail.
The staffing and training of the public order policing unit (“POP”) will be brought to the
appropriate level.
The national Minister of Police, as well as the SAPS will be required to submit an
updated report of the status and functionality of community policing forums to the NSC
at its next meeting.
Yesterday, the 31st of March 2022, I announced the appointment of a new National
Commissioner of Police to bring stability to the South African Police Service.
5. 5
As part of our work to stabilise the country’s intelligence services, last month I
appointed Ms. Thembisile Majola as the new permanent Director-General of the State
Security Agency (SSA).
We have also re-established regular intelligence briefings for the President, and there
are also briefings to Premiers taking place.
There will be consequence management on conclusion of all investigations currently
underway looking into wrongdoing within law enforcement and intelligence agencies.
One of the learnings from the unrest of July 2021 is that we need to rethink the role of
the private security industry, particularly as this relates to support to the South African
Police Service.
We are prioritising the development of a National Security Strategy, which is one of
the recommendations of the Africa Report. In doing so, we will ensure there is a
rigorous and thorough process of public consultation.
Chairperson,
As I conclude, I want to refer to one of the matters the Commission has raised with
me, and it is the statement I made on the role of ethnic mobilisation in fuelling the
unrest.
More specifically, what I said in an address to the nation on Sunday 11 July 2021.
In reference to what were then sporadic but increasingly violent protests, I said:
“It is a matter of concern to all South Africans that some of these acts of violence are
based on ethnic mobilisation.
“This must be condemned by all South Africans at all costs as we are a nation
committed to non-racialism and non-tribalism that is underpinned by the diversity and
unity of all the people of South Africa, whatever their language, culture, religious
beliefs and race.”
I understand why this statement was controversial, and appreciate that it may have
caused ill-feeling to many.
This statement was based on reports that I had received of social media posts and
messages that appeared to be using ethnic and tribal chauvinism to encourage unrest.
To the extent that this was happening, I condemned it.
I further wish to remind the Commission that as information emerged indicating that
this was not in fact a prominent factor propelling the unrest, I acknowledged this, and
timeously.
In my address to the nation a day later on Monday the 12th of July 2021 I said:
6. 6
“At the beginning of this unrest, there may have been some people who sought to
agitate for violence and disorder along ethnic lines. We know that the majority of our
people have out of principle refused to be mobilised along these lines.
“However, what we are witnessing now are opportunistic acts of criminality, with
groups of people instigating chaos merely as a cover for looting and theft.”
The day following this address, I had a meeting with interfaith leaders, where I said:
“In some areas, there were also suggestions of ethnic mobilisation, although it seems
to be accepted that this was limited.”
Later in the same week, I visited areas affected by the unrest where I made it clear
that the evidence that was emerging did not support the position taken earlier.
I was clear and I will be categorical again here today, the majority of our people have
out of principle refused to be mobilised along these lines.
The question in the minds of many will then be, on what basis did I make the assertion.
Like many South Africans, I am a viewer, a listener and a reader.
Like millions of South Africans, I also followed the many conversations, watched the
video clips and listened to the audio recordings being disseminated.
The conversations and hashtags in circulation at the time saying things like
“#CyrilMustResign or #CyrilMustGo” are all expressions of the right to free speech
enshrined in our Constitution.
But I, like millions of South Africans, have bitter memories of our past, where tribalism
and ethnic chauvinism was used to promote hatred, and to divide.
It is a time I never wish to see recur.
That is why being showed conversations saying things like ‘iVenda alime kancane
thina bantu bangempela sisalungisa izindaba zethu,’ and ‘Thina angeke sibuswe nge
Venda’ went beyond being personally hurtful.
That is also why hearing testimony on Day 4 of these hearings by Ms Melanie Veness,
the CEO of the Pietermaritzburg and Midlands Chamber of Business about graffiti
sprayed across a truck in Pietermaritzburg depicting words ‘Ramaphosa must go back
to Venda’ hit a particular nerve.
These words gave me cause for great concern. That tribalism, something the founders
of the organisation that I lead, the ANC, sought to obliterate from the South African
political and social landscape, was in this instance rearing its ugly head.
Of course, it has been proven that this sentiment was and is not shared by the majority
of the South African people.
7. 7
This is something I have acknowledged repeatedly, and will do so here again.
What I do not agree with, however, is the allegation made in complaints received by
this Commission that what I said could have led to the escalation of the violence and
looting.
A proper reading of my statements over those days, the chronology of when they were
made, and an examination of the events that took place clearly show this cannot be
plausible.
Notwithstanding the shortcomings of the state’s response, culpability for the violence
and destruction must lie with those who planned them and carried them out.
What emerges most clearly from this terrible chapter is the determination of the South
African people to resist efforts to tear our country apart.
It was the people of South Africa who peacefully and within the law worked to restore
calm and protect lives, property and infrastructure.
The assault on our democracy failed because the people of South Africa would not
allow it.
We must take action on the lessons that have been learned by strengthening the
capacity of our law-enforcement and other agencies to deal with any acts of this
nature. We have already taken steps to do so, and further actions will follow.
This is what the South African people deserve. This is what those who lost their lives
in the tragic events of July 2021 deserve.
It is my hope that these hearings will enable the country to move forward with
confidence and hope, and that as a society we realise we must do everything within
our means to ensure that they are never allowed to happen again.
I thank you.
Issued by the Presidency of the Republic of South Africa
Pretoria