This document contains information about online shopping, floods in Pakistan, and age dependency ratios. It defines online shopping as buying goods over the internet using a web browser. It notes some advantages like convenience and prices, and disadvantages like return issues. It summarizes the history of online shopping. For floods, it defines them and lists causes like heavy rainfall and high tides. It provides examples of major floods in Pakistan from 2003 to 2013. Finally, it defines age dependency ratios as the ratio of non-working dependents to working population, and provides formulas to calculate general, child, and older person ratios.

1. NAME : MUHAMMAD IRFAN
ROLL NO: BSTF11M039
PROGRAM: B-S STATISTICS 8TH
SEMESTER (REGULAR)
PRESENTED TO : Mam Sharmeen
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA

2. • Online Shopping(Social)
• Flood(Economic)
• ADR(Demographic)
INDICATORS

3. ONLINE
SHOPPING

4. WHAT IS ONLINE SHOPPING
Online shopping or e-shopping is a form
of electronic commences which allows
consumers to directly buy goods
or services from a seller over
the internet using a web browser. Alternative
names are: e-web-store, e-shop, e-store,
Internet shop, web-shop, web-store, online
store, online storefront and virtual store.

5. HISTORY
 Michael John invented
online shopping in
1979. The first World
Wide Web server and
browser, created
by Tim Berners-Lee in
1990, opened for
commercial use in
1991.

6. ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE SHOPPING
Convenience
Better Prices
Number of Varity
Send Gifts to the friends
Fewer Expenses
Comparison of prices
Buying old and un used stuff at low prices

7. DISADVANTAGES OF ONLINE SHOPPING
It's more difficult to return items.
Warranty issues of the products.
There can be delivery problems.
There are extra charges like as general sale
tax or transport tax.
Some items are better to buy from the real
store.
There is a delay before receiving your
package.

8. FLOOD

9. DEFINITION
 flood "a flowing of water, river, sea, flood,"
 A temporary rise of the water level, as in a river
or lake or along a seacoast, resulting in its
spilling over and out of its natural or artificial
confines onto land that is normally dry. Floods
are usually caused by excessive runoff from
precipitation or snowmelt, or by coastal storm
surges or other tidal phenomena.

10. CAUSES OF FLOODS
There are main factors of flooding.
 It is usually caused by natural weather events such as
heavy rainfall as well as thunderstorms over a short
period. It can also be brought about by prolonged,
extensive rainfall. Flooding can also be caused by high
tide when combined with stormy conditions. Other
causes may be faulty sewer network and inadequate
maintenance of watercourses.

11. LIST OF FLOODS IN PAKISTAN
 In 2003, Sindh province was badly affected when above
normal monsoon rains 2007, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.
 In 2010, almost all of Pakistan was affected by Khyber-
Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab the province.
 In September 2011, at least 361 people were killed, some
5.3 million people and 1.2 million homes affected as well
1.7 million acres of arable land.
 In September 2012, more than 100 people died, and
thousands of homes destroyed. Southern Punjab and
Upper Sindh. As a result of monsoon rains
 In August 2013, more than 80 people died.

12. AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO

13. DEFINITION
Age dependency ratio is
the ratio of dependents-people
who are less than 14 years
(Inactive) or older than 65+
years(Inactive)to the working-
age population--those ages 15-64

14. FORMULAS
 ADR(General) = (𝑃0−14 + 𝑃65+/𝑃15−64) ∗ 100
 ADR(Children) = (𝑃0−14/𝑃15−64) ∗ 100
 ADR(Older Persons) = (𝑃65+/𝑃15−64) ∗ 100

15. QUESTION
 According to the 1998 Census 𝑃0−14 are
56064747, 𝑃15−64 are 68586126 and
𝑃65+ are 4525057.
Solution:
ADR(General)=(56065747+4525057)/68586126*100
88.34
ADR(Old Age)=(4525057/6858126)*100
81.74
ADR(Children)=(56064747/68586126)*100
6.59