2. Contents
1. Introduction
2. Hypothesis
3. Experimental design
4. SAS procedures
5. Result and discussion
6. Conclusion
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3. LIPOLYSIS LYPOGENESIS
(Breakdown fats) (Synthesize fats)
Stress response mimic
Ractopamine
Statement of the problems
“The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a difference across
level of ractopamine dosage with respect to common carp’s growth: hepatosomatic index,
visceral somatic index and specific growth rate.”
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4. Nature of the variables
This analysis involved one predictor variable and three criterion variables.
The predictor variable was “ractopamine concentration,” which was leveled on three
values: 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm.
The three criterion variables were:
“hepatosomatic index,” “visceral somatic index,” and “specific growth rate.”
Predicted Effects Measured Variables
Reduce visceral fats Visceral somatic index (visceral/body weight)
Reduce liver fats Hepato somatic index (liver/body weight)
Increase specific growth rate Specific growth rate
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5. Statistical test: one-way MANOVA
Null hypothesis
In the population, there is no difference across ractopamine level (0 ppm, 10 ppm, 20
ppm) when compared simultaneously on hepatosomatic index, visceral somatic index
and specific growth rate.
(
HIS 0 ppm
VSI 0 ppm
SGR 0 ppm ) ( =
HIS 10 ppm
VSI 10 ppm
SGR 10 ppm ) ( =
HIS 20 ppm
VSI 20 ppm
SGR 20 ppm)
Alternative hypothesis (H1)
In the population, there is a difference between concentration level in at least two of the
ractopamine concentration levels when they are compared simultaneously on
hepatosomatic index, visceral somatic index and specific growth rate.
(
HIS 0 ppm
VSI 0 ppm
SGR 0 ppm ) ( =
/
HIS 10 ppm
VSI 10 ppm
SGR 10 ppm ) ( =
/
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HIS 20 ppm
VSI 20 ppm
SGR 20 ppm )
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16. Effect of ractopamine
on hepatosomatic index, visceral somatic index, specific growth rate
12.00% HIS
11.17%
VSI
10.00%
SGR
8.47%
8.00%
7.50%
After
6.00%
6 week
4.41% 4.38% 4.37%
4.00% 3.97% 4.03%
3.30%
2.00%
0.00%
0 10 20
Concentration of ractopamine (ppm)
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17. One-way MANOVA analysis revealed a significant multivariate effect for ractopamine
concentration on common carp’s HIS, VSI, SGR
Univariate ANOVA analysis showed significant difference only for VSI and SGR
Tukey test analysis showed that 10 ppm and 20 ppm ractopamine have no significant
differences for VSI and SGR , but significant difference compare to 0 ppm
10 ppm and 20 ppm ractopamine treated fish have better VSI (lower) and SGR
(higher) than 0 ppm
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