This document discusses key drivers and fundamentals of oil markets. It explains that oil prices are determined by the balance of supply and demand, and impacted by factors like economic growth, weather, geopolitics, speculation and infrastructure developments. It also outlines different participants in energy markets like producers, refiners, consumers and traders. Finally, it introduces common trading terminology around positions, spot/forward prices, liquidity and different trading strategies.
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Supply, Trading, Transportation
This Supply, Trading, and Transportation (S&T) overview includes discussions on What is S&T, what are some of the major risks associated with trading, and some historical perspective on the evolution of S&T.
The complete S&T Module includes lessons on crude oil and products supply fundamentals, derivative contracts and exchanges, as well as key business drivers in physical trading and financial hedging. Natural gas trading is beyond our scope though it has a similar commercial function, closely tied to the utility and power consumer market.
What is Supply and Trading?
To help answer that question, letโs look briefly at how Chevron defines S&T on their website.
โChevron Supply and Trading (S&T) provides a critical link between the market and Chevron's upstream, downstream and chemicals companies. S&T provides commercial support to Chevron's crude oil and natural gas production operations as well as to the company's refining and marketing network.โ
GROWTH FACTORS AND CHALLENGES FOR OIL MARKET; GROWTH FACTORS FOR OIL MARKET; Demographic Factors, Oil Demand, Motorization in Asian Countries, Upstream Costs Increase, Principal CHALLENGES FOR OIL MARKET, US Shale Oil Production, US shale oil production potential for well drilling, Other constraints, Deepwater Production, Iraqi production growth prospects, GTL โ challenge for the oil market after 2020
Introduction-Alphaโฆ.. Betical PRINCIPLES of Petroleum Geology; Classification of fossil fuels as hydrocarbon resources and hydrocarbon producing resources; Oil/Gas Generation and Diagenesis; Types of Oil & Natural Gas Plays; Occurrence of Oil and Gas; umbrella terms given to petroleum: Conventional oil and Unconventional oil; Associated Gas and Non-associated Gas; In Situ Oil and Gas Resources versus Supply; Natural Gas Resource and Quality Types; Natural GAS; Oil and Gas Process; Oil/Gas Field Life Cycle; Oil Field Pyramid ; Giant Oil Field
INTRODUCTION
DENSITY AND API GRAVITY OF CRUDE OIL
SWEET AND SOUR CRUDE OIL; BENCHMARK OF CRUDE OIL; West Texas Intermediate (WTI)
Brent Blend:; Dated Brent
What is Dated Brent?
Dubai; OPEC Basket (ORB)
Bonny Light; Tapis Crude; Mexico's Isthmus; Maya; CONTRACTS; FUTURE TRENDS ON CRUDE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Supply, Trading, Transportation
This Supply, Trading, and Transportation (S&T) overview includes discussions on What is S&T, what are some of the major risks associated with trading, and some historical perspective on the evolution of S&T.
The complete S&T Module includes lessons on crude oil and products supply fundamentals, derivative contracts and exchanges, as well as key business drivers in physical trading and financial hedging. Natural gas trading is beyond our scope though it has a similar commercial function, closely tied to the utility and power consumer market.
What is Supply and Trading?
To help answer that question, letโs look briefly at how Chevron defines S&T on their website.
โChevron Supply and Trading (S&T) provides a critical link between the market and Chevron's upstream, downstream and chemicals companies. S&T provides commercial support to Chevron's crude oil and natural gas production operations as well as to the company's refining and marketing network.โ
GROWTH FACTORS AND CHALLENGES FOR OIL MARKET; GROWTH FACTORS FOR OIL MARKET; Demographic Factors, Oil Demand, Motorization in Asian Countries, Upstream Costs Increase, Principal CHALLENGES FOR OIL MARKET, US Shale Oil Production, US shale oil production potential for well drilling, Other constraints, Deepwater Production, Iraqi production growth prospects, GTL โ challenge for the oil market after 2020
Introduction-Alphaโฆ.. Betical PRINCIPLES of Petroleum Geology; Classification of fossil fuels as hydrocarbon resources and hydrocarbon producing resources; Oil/Gas Generation and Diagenesis; Types of Oil & Natural Gas Plays; Occurrence of Oil and Gas; umbrella terms given to petroleum: Conventional oil and Unconventional oil; Associated Gas and Non-associated Gas; In Situ Oil and Gas Resources versus Supply; Natural Gas Resource and Quality Types; Natural GAS; Oil and Gas Process; Oil/Gas Field Life Cycle; Oil Field Pyramid ; Giant Oil Field
INTRODUCTION
DENSITY AND API GRAVITY OF CRUDE OIL
SWEET AND SOUR CRUDE OIL; BENCHMARK OF CRUDE OIL; West Texas Intermediate (WTI)
Brent Blend:; Dated Brent
What is Dated Brent?
Dubai; OPEC Basket (ORB)
Bonny Light; Tapis Crude; Mexico's Isthmus; Maya; CONTRACTS; FUTURE TRENDS ON CRUDE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS
What's the difference between WTI and Brent Crude Oil? [PPT] Arne Pohlman
ย
If you are not too familiar with traded commodities, odds are that crude oil is one you know a little about. Oil, the magical elixir that much of our lives run on, even if we are not aware of it, is being consumed at a higher rate globally every year. But did you know that there are different kinds of crude oil? If you did, you may have heard of Brent and WTI Crude Oil. Do you know what the difference is between Brent and WTI Crude oil? Did you know there was a difference between the crude oils extracted around the world? If you didnโt, youโre not alone โ most people likely donโt know the difference between the two. If you are curious as to what sets various crude oils apart, especially Brent and WTI, this blog post will shed some light on the differences as well as explain a bit about the Crude Oil futures markets and what role Brent and WTI play in the global oil commodity trade. But, before getting into the specifics of Brent and WTI, it might be helpful to first go through what quality metrics differentiate crude oils from one another.
Download a FREE sample of
Commodities FocusEconomics Consensus Forecast
http://www.focus-economics.com/commodities2016
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - UpstreamEKT Interactive
ย
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - Upstream
What is Upstream? This Midstream content is derived from our Oil 101 Upstream ebook and can be found in our oil and gas learning community.
This Upstream module includes the following sections (use the links below for quick access):
-Introduction to Upstream
-Upstream Business Characteristics
-Oilfield Services
-Reserves โ Formation and Importance
-Production โ The First Step in Adding Value
-The Unconventional Future of Upstream
Upstream
What is Upstream? Most oil and gas companiesโ business structures are segmented and organized according to business segment, assets, or function.
The upstream segment of the business is also known as the exploration and production (E&P) sector because it encompasses activities related to searching for, recovering and producing crude oil and natural gas.
The upstream segment is all about wells: where to locate them; how deep and how far to drill them; and how to design, construct, operate and manage them to deliver the greatest possible return on investment with the lightest, safest and smallest operational footprint.
Exploration
The exploration sector involves obtaining a lease and permission to drill from the owners of onshore or offshore acreage thought to contain oil or gas, and conducting necessary geological and geophysical (G&G) surveys required to explore for (and hopefully find) economic accumulations of oil or gas.
Drilling
There is always uncertainty in the geological and geophysical survey results. The only way to be sure that a prospect is favorable is to drill an exploratory well. Drilling is physically creating the โboreholeโ in the ground that will eventually become an oil or gas well. This work is done by rig contractors and service companies in the Oilfield Services business sector.
Production
The production sector of the upstream segment maximizes recovery of petroleum from subsurface reservoirs.
Difference Between Upstream & Midstream & Downstream Activities in Oil and Ga...Student
ย
The Upstream activities sector include the searching and extraction of underground crude oil and natural gas , drilling exploratory wells, and subsequently drilling and operating the wells that recover and bring the crude oil and/or raw natural gas to the surface.
In the petroleum industry, locating underground or underwater oil reserves characterizes the upstream process. Additionally, the upstream process in this industry involves bringing oil and gas to the surface. Extraction wells represent an example of a structure operating in this stage in the process. The upstream stage in the production process may also manifest itself as a supplier providing raw materials to manufacturers or other businesses that ultimately process the materials.
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - DownstreamEKT Interactive
ย
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas
What is Downstream?
This Downstream module includes the following sections:
-Downstream Business Characteristics
-Refining โ Products and Participants
-Consumption โ The Final Step in Adding Value
-Marketing and Retail
Downstream
Processing, transporting and selling refined products made from crude oil is the business of the downstream segment of the oil and gas industry.
Key downstream business sectors include:
-Oil Refining
-Supply and Trading
-Product Marketing and Retail
The downstream industry provides thousands of products to end-user customers around the globe.
Many products are familiar such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil and asphalt for roads. Others are not as familiar such as lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers and pesticides.
The downstream segment is a margin business. Margin is defined as the difference between the price realized for the products produced from the crude oil and the cost of the crude delivered to the refinery.
Although the price of crude sets the absolute level of product prices, it may or may not affect refining or marketing margins. Downstream margins tend to be reduced, or squeezed, when crude price increases often cannot be recovered in the marketplace. On the other hand, margins tend to hold, or even increase, when crude prices drop and the marketplace more slowly adjusts to these lower crude prices.
The downstream segment includes complex and diverse activities including manufacturing, petrochemical refining, distribution, and retail.
A global perspective is important because of the global nature of the energy supply chain as well as the impact of supply and demand on both feedstock and product prices.
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - MidstreamEKT Interactive
ย
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - Midstream
What is Midstream? This Midstream content is derived from our Oil 101 Midstream ebook and can be found in our oil and gas learning community.
This Midstream module includes the following sections (use the links below for quick access):
Midstream Business Characteristics
Midstream Participants
Processing โ The Next Step in Adding Value
Transportation
Storage
Midstream - As its name implies, the midstream segment encompasses facilities and processes that sit between the upstream and downstream segments. Activities can include processing, storage and transportation of crude oil and natural gas.
In most cases, oil and gas reserves are not located in the same geographic location as refining assets and major consumption regions.
Transportation is a big part of midstream activities and can include using pipelines, trucking fleets, tanker ships, and rail cars.
The midstream segment is separated from upstream and downstream in most oil companies because it is considered a low risk, regulated type of business. It does not fit the risk profile or asset complexity of the other segments of the oil and gas industry.
Success in the midstream segment depends on many external forces including:
-Upstream operations continuous delivery of reserves
-Refinery margins that encourage refined product production
-Health of the downstream, natural gas, and petrochemical industry markets.
-Natural gas price levels that impact the attractiveness of NGLโs as feedstock
-Political sentiment for pipeline expansion and โnot in my backyardโ hurdles
While the midstream gathering and processing sector is relatively free of commercial regulation, the movement of gas by interstate pipelines and subsequent state level distribution activities are highly regulated in the US by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).
WHY IS A RESERVES DEFINITION NEEDED?;
Classification Framework; Proven Reserves; Unproven reserves; Resources; RESERVES UNCERTAINTY CATEGORIES; PROJECT MATURITY SUB-CLASSES; PETROLEUM RESOURCES CLASSIFICATION BASED ON PROJECT STAGESOIL AND GAS PROJECT EVALUATION STAGES; OIL AND GAS PROJECT EVALUATION; PROJECT EVALUATION ; PROBABILITY OF SUCCESS (POSG)
A very simple presentation on crude oil,important for student to understand the concept of crude oil and its importance in world.how does it impact india.imports bill has improved but export is facing downturn due to sluggish growth of world economy.
Introduction to Oil and Gas Industry from Upstream (Exploration & Production), Midstream (Transportation & Storage), to Downstream (Refining, Petrochemical, & Marketing)
Introduction to Project Economics in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production (Upstream) Industry, including basic project economics method and example of calculation.
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
What is Downstream Oil and Gas?
Processing, transporting and selling refined products made from crude oil is the business of the downstream segment of the oil and gas industry.
Key downstream business sectors include:
Oil Refining
Supply and Trading
Product Marketing and Retail
The downstream industry provides thousands of products to end-user customers around the globe.
Many products are familiar such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil and asphalt for roads. Others are not as familiar such as lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers and pesticides.
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Refining
This refining overview includes segments on: Why we refine crude oil, a basic summary of the refining distillation process, and some historical perspective on the evolution of refining.
The complete Refining Module includes lessons on crude oil and products, refinery processes, key business drivers that impact refining profitability, and more.
Why Do We Refine Crude Oil?
Crude oil cannot be used as it occurs in nature, other than burning for fuel, which is wasteful, It must be refined to manufacture finished products such as gasoline and heating oil.
In the refinery, crude oil components can first be split by carefully applying heat to capture various parts, called fractions, within certain boiling ranges. This is called distillation. The quality of these initial fractions produced is not sufficient to be sold directly as petroleum products without further treatment.
Moreover, the yield of products from straight distillation of crude oil is not the same as the โdemand barrelโ needed for the marketplace. Crude oil must therefore be further processed using both heat and pressure to improve qualities and meet market demand.
A large part of refinery processing is concerned with converting unwanted heavy fuel oil into marketable gasoline and diesel, using various processing methods.
What's the difference between WTI and Brent Crude Oil? [PPT] Arne Pohlman
ย
If you are not too familiar with traded commodities, odds are that crude oil is one you know a little about. Oil, the magical elixir that much of our lives run on, even if we are not aware of it, is being consumed at a higher rate globally every year. But did you know that there are different kinds of crude oil? If you did, you may have heard of Brent and WTI Crude Oil. Do you know what the difference is between Brent and WTI Crude oil? Did you know there was a difference between the crude oils extracted around the world? If you didnโt, youโre not alone โ most people likely donโt know the difference between the two. If you are curious as to what sets various crude oils apart, especially Brent and WTI, this blog post will shed some light on the differences as well as explain a bit about the Crude Oil futures markets and what role Brent and WTI play in the global oil commodity trade. But, before getting into the specifics of Brent and WTI, it might be helpful to first go through what quality metrics differentiate crude oils from one another.
Download a FREE sample of
Commodities FocusEconomics Consensus Forecast
http://www.focus-economics.com/commodities2016
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - UpstreamEKT Interactive
ย
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - Upstream
What is Upstream? This Midstream content is derived from our Oil 101 Upstream ebook and can be found in our oil and gas learning community.
This Upstream module includes the following sections (use the links below for quick access):
-Introduction to Upstream
-Upstream Business Characteristics
-Oilfield Services
-Reserves โ Formation and Importance
-Production โ The First Step in Adding Value
-The Unconventional Future of Upstream
Upstream
What is Upstream? Most oil and gas companiesโ business structures are segmented and organized according to business segment, assets, or function.
The upstream segment of the business is also known as the exploration and production (E&P) sector because it encompasses activities related to searching for, recovering and producing crude oil and natural gas.
The upstream segment is all about wells: where to locate them; how deep and how far to drill them; and how to design, construct, operate and manage them to deliver the greatest possible return on investment with the lightest, safest and smallest operational footprint.
Exploration
The exploration sector involves obtaining a lease and permission to drill from the owners of onshore or offshore acreage thought to contain oil or gas, and conducting necessary geological and geophysical (G&G) surveys required to explore for (and hopefully find) economic accumulations of oil or gas.
Drilling
There is always uncertainty in the geological and geophysical survey results. The only way to be sure that a prospect is favorable is to drill an exploratory well. Drilling is physically creating the โboreholeโ in the ground that will eventually become an oil or gas well. This work is done by rig contractors and service companies in the Oilfield Services business sector.
Production
The production sector of the upstream segment maximizes recovery of petroleum from subsurface reservoirs.
Difference Between Upstream & Midstream & Downstream Activities in Oil and Ga...Student
ย
The Upstream activities sector include the searching and extraction of underground crude oil and natural gas , drilling exploratory wells, and subsequently drilling and operating the wells that recover and bring the crude oil and/or raw natural gas to the surface.
In the petroleum industry, locating underground or underwater oil reserves characterizes the upstream process. Additionally, the upstream process in this industry involves bringing oil and gas to the surface. Extraction wells represent an example of a structure operating in this stage in the process. The upstream stage in the production process may also manifest itself as a supplier providing raw materials to manufacturers or other businesses that ultimately process the materials.
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - DownstreamEKT Interactive
ย
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas
What is Downstream?
This Downstream module includes the following sections:
-Downstream Business Characteristics
-Refining โ Products and Participants
-Consumption โ The Final Step in Adding Value
-Marketing and Retail
Downstream
Processing, transporting and selling refined products made from crude oil is the business of the downstream segment of the oil and gas industry.
Key downstream business sectors include:
-Oil Refining
-Supply and Trading
-Product Marketing and Retail
The downstream industry provides thousands of products to end-user customers around the globe.
Many products are familiar such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil and asphalt for roads. Others are not as familiar such as lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers and pesticides.
The downstream segment is a margin business. Margin is defined as the difference between the price realized for the products produced from the crude oil and the cost of the crude delivered to the refinery.
Although the price of crude sets the absolute level of product prices, it may or may not affect refining or marketing margins. Downstream margins tend to be reduced, or squeezed, when crude price increases often cannot be recovered in the marketplace. On the other hand, margins tend to hold, or even increase, when crude prices drop and the marketplace more slowly adjusts to these lower crude prices.
The downstream segment includes complex and diverse activities including manufacturing, petrochemical refining, distribution, and retail.
A global perspective is important because of the global nature of the energy supply chain as well as the impact of supply and demand on both feedstock and product prices.
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - MidstreamEKT Interactive
ย
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - Midstream
What is Midstream? This Midstream content is derived from our Oil 101 Midstream ebook and can be found in our oil and gas learning community.
This Midstream module includes the following sections (use the links below for quick access):
Midstream Business Characteristics
Midstream Participants
Processing โ The Next Step in Adding Value
Transportation
Storage
Midstream - As its name implies, the midstream segment encompasses facilities and processes that sit between the upstream and downstream segments. Activities can include processing, storage and transportation of crude oil and natural gas.
In most cases, oil and gas reserves are not located in the same geographic location as refining assets and major consumption regions.
Transportation is a big part of midstream activities and can include using pipelines, trucking fleets, tanker ships, and rail cars.
The midstream segment is separated from upstream and downstream in most oil companies because it is considered a low risk, regulated type of business. It does not fit the risk profile or asset complexity of the other segments of the oil and gas industry.
Success in the midstream segment depends on many external forces including:
-Upstream operations continuous delivery of reserves
-Refinery margins that encourage refined product production
-Health of the downstream, natural gas, and petrochemical industry markets.
-Natural gas price levels that impact the attractiveness of NGLโs as feedstock
-Political sentiment for pipeline expansion and โnot in my backyardโ hurdles
While the midstream gathering and processing sector is relatively free of commercial regulation, the movement of gas by interstate pipelines and subsequent state level distribution activities are highly regulated in the US by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).
WHY IS A RESERVES DEFINITION NEEDED?;
Classification Framework; Proven Reserves; Unproven reserves; Resources; RESERVES UNCERTAINTY CATEGORIES; PROJECT MATURITY SUB-CLASSES; PETROLEUM RESOURCES CLASSIFICATION BASED ON PROJECT STAGESOIL AND GAS PROJECT EVALUATION STAGES; OIL AND GAS PROJECT EVALUATION; PROJECT EVALUATION ; PROBABILITY OF SUCCESS (POSG)
A very simple presentation on crude oil,important for student to understand the concept of crude oil and its importance in world.how does it impact india.imports bill has improved but export is facing downturn due to sluggish growth of world economy.
Introduction to Oil and Gas Industry from Upstream (Exploration & Production), Midstream (Transportation & Storage), to Downstream (Refining, Petrochemical, & Marketing)
Introduction to Project Economics in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production (Upstream) Industry, including basic project economics method and example of calculation.
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
What is Downstream Oil and Gas?
Processing, transporting and selling refined products made from crude oil is the business of the downstream segment of the oil and gas industry.
Key downstream business sectors include:
Oil Refining
Supply and Trading
Product Marketing and Retail
The downstream industry provides thousands of products to end-user customers around the globe.
Many products are familiar such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil and asphalt for roads. Others are not as familiar such as lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers and pesticides.
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Refining
This refining overview includes segments on: Why we refine crude oil, a basic summary of the refining distillation process, and some historical perspective on the evolution of refining.
The complete Refining Module includes lessons on crude oil and products, refinery processes, key business drivers that impact refining profitability, and more.
Why Do We Refine Crude Oil?
Crude oil cannot be used as it occurs in nature, other than burning for fuel, which is wasteful, It must be refined to manufacture finished products such as gasoline and heating oil.
In the refinery, crude oil components can first be split by carefully applying heat to capture various parts, called fractions, within certain boiling ranges. This is called distillation. The quality of these initial fractions produced is not sufficient to be sold directly as petroleum products without further treatment.
Moreover, the yield of products from straight distillation of crude oil is not the same as the โdemand barrelโ needed for the marketplace. Crude oil must therefore be further processed using both heat and pressure to improve qualities and meet market demand.
A large part of refinery processing is concerned with converting unwanted heavy fuel oil into marketable gasoline and diesel, using various processing methods.
Presentation on fuel and fx hedging for airlinesArshdeep Jindal
ย
This presentation shows how important it is to have a comprehensive and targeted approach to hedging across asset classes. An isolationist approach where jet and fx are hedged separately could lead to losses to companies.
Driving procurement excellence in volatile markets can be challenging and we have to know how to offset the risk to ensure best value is obtained. In this session we take lessons from one of the most volatile markets and will hear challenges and experiences to offer practical insight.
The Transformer Oil market crossed US$ 2 billion mark in 2022 and is expected to hit US$ 3.5 billion by 2030, recording a CAGR of 7.0% during the forecast period.
Transformer Oil Market by Type (Mineral Oil, Silicone Oil, Bio-based Oil), Application (Transmission and Distribution, Power Generation, Railways and Metros, and Others): Global Market Size Estimates and Forecast (2022-2030)
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
ย
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
ย
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
ย
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
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Experience unparalleled EXTENDED STAY and comfort at Skye Residences located just minutes from Toronto Airport. Discover sophisticated accommodations tailored for discerning travelers.
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The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
ย
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
India Orthopedic Devices Market: Unlocking Growth Secrets, Trends and Develop...Kumar Satyam
ย
According to TechSci Research report, โIndia Orthopedic Devices Market -Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2030โ, the India Orthopedic Devices Market stood at USD 1,280.54 Million in 2024 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 7.84% in the forecast period, 2026-2030F. The India Orthopedic Devices Market is being driven by several factors. The most prominent ones include an increase in the elderly population, who are more prone to orthopedic conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Moreover, the rise in sports injuries and road accidents are also contributing to the demand for orthopedic devices. Advances in technology and the introduction of innovative implants and prosthetics have further propelled the market growth. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases have led to an upward trend in orthopedic surgeries, thereby fueling the market demand for these devices.
Accpac to QuickBooks Conversion Navigating the Transition with Online Account...PaulBryant58
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This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to
effectively manage the convert Accpac to QuickBooks , with a particular focus on utilizing online accounting services to streamline the process.
"๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ผ๐ต ๐พ๐ฐ๐ป๐ฏ ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฐ๐บ ๐ฏ๐จ๐ณ๐ญ ๐ซ๐ถ๐ต๐ฌ"
๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฌ (๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ข๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
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As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your companyโs legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, weโll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
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Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
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Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
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Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
2. Oil Markets Drivers
โข As any physical commodity oil prices are determined by availability of raw
material, processing capacity and ability to deliver the final goods to the market
โข Consumer demand sets the trend for oil prices balanced by the supply at hands
โข Major misalignment of supply and demand causes significant price moves in the
market
3. Oil Markets Drivers
Seasonality
โTechnicalsโ Economic Growth
Military Unrest PRICE Speculators
Infrastructure
Weather
New Projects
Politics
4. Oil Markets Drivers
Processing
โข Crude oil markets operate between the producer and the refiner
โข Benchmarks are set for various crudes but the ultimate price is determined by what
value each specific refinery sees in each type of crude
โข It is important to not only have high quality crude available but also have access to the
market that values it the most
โข Product markets operate between the refiner and the blender or wholesaler
โข Very localized markets and depend on:
โข Local demand for each product (i.e. some country are more gasoline oriented than
diesel)
โข Configuration of local refineries
โข Regional product quality requirements
โข One needs to be careful about refinery utilization as it varies by region (some regions
may produce poor product specs and run at lower rate despite high demand for product
in general)
5. Oil Markets Drivers
Storage
โข Stock control is crucial in any demand driven market to avoid disruption of the
product flow
โข In a normal course of business oil companies try to keep stocks to a minimum and
avoid costly storage rental fees
โข Generally storage is used as an insurance instrument to protect from unforeseen
supply disruptions but is also often used for speculative purposes if term structure
permits
6. Oil Markets Drivers
Transportation
โข Waterborne crude and products shipping
โข Crude oil is normally sold close to point of production and can be traded as
transferred into the ship or/and already on the water
โข Refined products are traded closer to the market on various terms based on
delivery arrangements and parcel sizes
โข Pipeline trading is mostly traded on a ratable basis and is sold free-in-pipeline at
designated locations
โข Rail
7. Reasons for Open Arbitrage
30
% 25
% 22
17 %
%
31
%
30
%
7%
10
%
12
9% %
5%
3%
% of World Consumption
% of World Production
8. Oil Supply Drivers
โข OPEC
โข Significantly increased influence from non-OPEC producing countries
โข New infrastructure project development
โข Political tensions in oil rich regions
โข Stocks
โข Forward Cover = Available stock / Consumption over the period
โข Strategic reserves (about 10%)
โข Minimum operating stocks of the companies (about 30% are in pipelines,
tankers, tank bottoms and in refineries)
โข The rest is oil in transit
10. Oil Demand Drivers
โข The state of global economy especially in the industrialized countries
โข Seasonal consumption
โข Driving season
โข US Northeast heating season
โข Hurricane season
โข Construction season
โข Political tensions
โข Taxation (compare US vs. UK vs. low tax developing countries)
12. What makes a Market
โข Materiality
โข Lack of state interference
โข Widespread ownership
โข Tax regime
โข Geographical locality
โข Quality and consistency of quality
โข Operating considerations
13. Energy Markets Participants
Day Traders
Investors Brokers
Consumers Energy Producers
Market
Market Makers Arbitrageurs
Refiners
14. The Market: Users
โข Producers โ long reserves, strategic hedging, ROI management
โข Refiners โ refining margin management
โข Aviation โ jet fuel budget management
โข Commercial transport โ operating cost coverage
โข Shipping โ bunker fuel and freight management
โข Chemicals โ feedstock price management
โข Second tier (lending) banks
15. Key Market Players
Speculator:
โ Frequent in & out of the market looking for potential gain opportunities
โ View driven
โ Take a bet on the future direction of a market
โ Want price volatility to increase
โ Will enter into deals and set limits on when to exit
16. Key Market Players
Hedger:
โ In & out of the market only when there is a (strategic) business
โ Reduce/eliminate the risk faced from potential future price movements
โ Business objective driven
โ Reduce/eliminate exposure to volatility of the business
โ Want certainty at the cost of sacrificing away potential upside
โ No surprise approach
17. Key Market Players
Arbitrageur
โ Take offsetting positions in two or more instruments/markets to lock in profit
โ Exploit inefficiency in different markets/locations
โ Take advantage of mis-pricing of certain financial instruments
โ โRisklessโ profit (from a price perspective)
19. Position: Long/Short
LONG
To net own a commodity in a market. A LONG position is taken in the expectation that
prices will RISE. Think of something you own e.g. Your house. You are LONG one house
and would prefer its value to increase
SHORT
To net owe a commodity in a market. You have an obligation to supply a commodity not
currently owned to someone else. A SHORT position is taken in the expectation that prices
will FALL
In the oil industry, you may agree to supply a service station with gasoline at a certain price
for an entire year. This makes you SHORT gasoline
QUESTION 1: If you buy a car, is your position long or short?
20. Spot Price vs. Forward Price
SPOT PRICE
The spot price is the price for immediate payment and delivery
FORWARD PRICE
The forward price is established by a contract in which you set the price now, but
delivery and payment occur at a future date
FORWARD CURVE
A graph of forward prices over different forward time periods
21. Forward Curve Explained
Typical Forward Curve Shapes (Indexed At Spot)
Contango vs. Backwardation
โข Due to the physical
nature of oil and oil Price
Contango
products, the shapes of Backwardation
these forward curves
cannot be explained
alone by the time value
of money
โข Forward curve shapes 100% Price of the swap
for a given month
are primarily driven by
in the future
supply and demand
expectations in the
market
Spot 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Question 2: Which commodity forward curve is most likely to
be in contango ?
22. Bid-Offer Spread
BID PRICE
The price at which you can sell
OFFER PRICE
The price at which you can buy
BID-OFFER SPREAD
The difference between the selling price and the purchase price
QUESTION: Which price is normally higher? Always?
23. Liquidity
โข The ease with which something can be bought or sold (converted to cash) in
the marketplace.
โข A large number of buyers and sellers and a high volume of trading activity are
important components of liquidity.
โข Depth, or the ability of the market to absorb either a large buy or a large sell
order without a significant price change in the underlying commodity, is also
crucial to the liquidity of the market
24. Market Direction: Bullish/Bearish
BULLISH
Having the belief that prices will rise. A โBullโ is someone who thinks market prices
are going up
A โBull Marketโ is when the price is rising
BEARISH
Having the belief that prices will fall. A โBearโ is someone who thinks market prices
are going down
A โBear Marketโ is when the price is falling
25. Exposure
PHYSICAL EXPOSURE
You have bought a cargo of Crude, pricing on the average of next weeks Platts quotes. You
are contracted to lift the cargo and hence have physical exposure, but the cargo will not
price until next week, so you do not yet have a priced exposure
PRICED EXPOSURE
You have bought a cargo of Crude at $90/bbl. You have both physical exposure and price
exposure (You are LONG 1 cargo). Similarly if you buy a cargo of crude oil which is pricing
around loading date and will then take 45 days to arrive at your disport, you are carrying a
priced exposure all the time the vessel is on the water (You are LONG 1 cargo). You may
wish to hedge under these circumstances to give protection against adverse price
movements
26. Types of trading
Trading activity in energy markets may be grouped under the following broad headings:
1. Asset, commercial or industrial optimization: trading activity intended to balance real
time needs in the operation of physical assets, commercial or industrial processes, buying
additional supply or selling excess production when demand and production levels require,
and making optimal choice of feedstocks to service the operations.
2. Hedging: trading activity intended to reduce the riskiness of a portfolio.
3. Arbitrage: trading activity resulting in a riskless profit, usually arising from participants
exploiting inefficiencies in a market. The forces of supply and demand usually ensure
these price mismatches subsequently disappear as a result of the trade being executed.
4. Speculation: taking risky positions in a market with the intention of exploiting market price
movements.
5. Investment: investing cash through positions in energy markets, with the intention of
earning returns on these positions.
27. Trading Strategies
โข Flat Price trading
โข Making a call on the commodity price in the future
โข Product Spread Trading
โข Making a call on relative price behavior between two markets
โข Geographical Spread Trading and/or Arbitrage
โข Crack Spread Trading
โข Calendar Spread Trading
โข Volatility Trading
โข Making a call on how volatile the market will be in the future