ACC District Demographics, Poverty, Education, Skills Gap
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The document discusses demographic trends, poverty rates, educational attainment, and skills gaps in the Austin Community College district. It finds that the population is growing and becoming more diverse, with increasing numbers of Hispanic and older residents. Poverty rates are high and disproportionately impact certain areas. Educational attainment levels vary significantly across the district. There are shortages of skilled workers in growing sectors like healthcare, technology, and construction. The community college aims to help address these issues through its programs and partnerships.
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ACC District Demographics, Poverty, Education, Skills Gap
- 1. Futures Institute: the road ahead What does our community say to us? Demographics, Poverty, Education, and Skills Gap of the Austin Community College District Daniel O’Hanlon ~ Rich Griffiths, PhD ~ Leah Figueroa, MA ~ F.C. Caranikas, PhD
- 2. Agenda • Demographics • Who are we, who will be be… • Poverty • Effects of poverty on learning… • Educational Attainment • Disparities of the district • Skills gap • Meeting the demands of the district
- 3. Demographics
- 5. Growth How many of us will there be?
- 6. Growth How many of us will there be?
- 7. Race/ Ethnicity Who we are
- 8. Race/ Ethnicity Who will we be?
- 9. Age How hold am I? How hold will I be?
- 12. Location Where we live - White
- 13. Location Where we live - African American
- 14. Location Where we live - Hispanic
- 15. Location Where we live - Non Citizen
- 16. Location Where were moving to
- 17. Location Where will we be?
- 18. Gender What sex am I?
- 19. Poverty
- 20. Poverty How prevalent is the issue?
- 21. Poverty Where is it found?
- 23. Poverty - Neuroscience Impact of Poverty on our Students • Stronger fear reactions on the part of students from poor backgrounds • Negative impact on concentration • Dr. David Diamond’s stress related research with rats • High cortisol levels affect the hippocampus • Key learning area of the brain
- 24. Poverty - Neuroscience Impact of Poverty on our Students • Raised IN poverty, Dr. Shauna Blake Collins fought fear during nearly 14 years of education. • A dropout from a South-Central Los Angeles high school, • she earned a GED diploma at 22, • became a licensed vocational nurse, a registered nurse, and finally, at 41, a physician. • Confidence came only during the last two years of medical school.
- 25. Poverty - Neuroscience Impact of Poverty on our Students • "Every step of the way, I was petrified," says the Winnetka mother of two toddlers, who recently graduated from UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine. • "The pressure I put on myself made me paralyzed.“ http://articles.latimes.com/2008/sep/01/health/he-poverty1
- 26. Poverty - Neuroscience Impact of Poverty on our Students • “…the effects of stress on the brain do not necessarily constitute permanent “damage” per se and • are amenable to recovery, • preventative strategies, and • interventions that include pharmaceutical agents and lifestyle factors (e.g., exercise, dietary changes, and social support). • “… At the same time, providing higher quality food and making it affordable and accessible in poor, as well as affluent neighborhoods, is necessary for people to eat better, providing they also learn what types of food to eat and can afford them.” McEwen, B. S., & Gianaros, P. J. (2010) Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: Links to socioeconomic status, health, and disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186, 190-222.
- 27. Poverty Low Income Populations and Food Insecurity • Food insecurity is defined as access to adequate food is limited by a lack of money and other resources • Adults living in food-insecure household report being • Unable to afford balanced meals • Worrying about food supply • Running out of food • Cutting size and skipping meals • Food deserts are areas with inadequate access to nutritious food http://www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/impact-of-hunger/hunger-and-poverty/hunger-and- poverty-fact-sheet.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/ Seligram, H. K., Laraia, B. A., & Kushel, M. B. (2011). Food Insecurity is Associated with Chronic Desease among Low-Income NHAMES Participants. The Journal of Nutrition, 140(2):304-10
- 28. Poverty Where am I found? Low Income/Food Deserts in the Central Texas Georgetown/ Round Rock – San Marcos MSA
- 29. Poverty - National data Unmet Need
- 30. National data – Average Cost and Maximum Pell Grant Mitchem, A., & Mortenson, T. (2015) Indicators of Higher Education Equity in the United States. The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education
- 31. Poverty ACC Financial Aid (Pell Awarded)
- 32. Poverty - National data Likelihood of Degree Attainment by Income Quartile Mitchem, A., & Mortenson, T. (2015) Indicators of Higher Education Equity in the United States. The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education
- 34. Educational Attainment Who is included? Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey
- 35. Educational Attainment Where am I found?
- 36. Source: Brookings Institute The Plummeting Labor Market Fortunes of Teens and Young Adults Educational Attainment What am I doing?
- 37. Educational Attainment How well am I doing? (18-24yrs) Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, American Community Survey.
- 38. Educational Attainment How well am I doing? Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, American Community Survey.
- 39. Educational Attainment How well am I doing? (25yrs +)
- 40. Educational Attainment Who am I? Source: U.S. Census Bureau
- 41. Educational Attainment How much will my school help?
- 42. Skills Gap
- 43. Growth in Occupational Sectors Healthcare Healthcare Support Construction Personal Care Computer & Mathematics
- 44. Workforce Supply & Demand in Texas
- 45. Middle Skill Jobs in High Growth Sectors ~ dental hygienists ~ respiratory therapists ~ sonographers ~ electricians ~ industrial engineering technicians ~ plumbers ~ welders ~ computer support specialists ~ network support specialists ~ truck drivers ~ web developers ~ medical coders ~ many other jobs
- 46. Focus on Middle Skill Jobs Middle skill jobs are “at the intersection of economic growth for employers and economic opportunity for individuals” JPMorgan Chase & Co.
- 47. Skills Gap: Technology Occupations in Central Texas 70% of employers are finding it difficult to extremely difficult to hire tech talent today Tech Talent Study by Civic Analytics for Austin Technology Council and the City of Austin (2015)
- 48. Skills Gap: Tech Talent Study Tech Talent Graduates ≠ Tech Talent Jobs Technical Certifications Offered => Low Importance to Employers
- 49. Health Care, Computer/Math, Construction Sectors What factors are creating skills gaps in Central Texas?
- 50. Skills Gap: More Contributing Factors Increased skills required of high school graduates and middle skill workers in: •Strategic thinking •Teamwork & Communication •Professionalism & Strong work ethic •Understanding and interpreting data
- 51. Skills Gap: Meeting the demand for middle skill workers •Community college programs •Employer-sponsored apprenticeship programs •Creative recruitment strategies •Partnerships
- 52. Thank you! Daniel O’Hanlon ~ Rich Griffiths, PhD ~ Leah Figueroa, MA ~ F.C. Caranikas, PhD Office of Institutional Effectiveness and Accountability Austin Community College
Editor's Notes
- 6 COUNTIES 4929 square miles 25 ISD’s This is the new “service” area map of the ACC district. Available from OIEA. The district consists of several different jurisdictions that make up the “district” The Legislative language, municipal boundaries, and ISD boundaries.
- Austin is the fastest growing Metro in the US, Need to stay current with this fast growth and changes.
- Exponential growth We must be prepared for this
- NOTE: WHITE (anglo) and African American porportions are projected to decrease HISPANICE – ASIAN POROPORTIONS OF THE POPULATION ARE EXPECTED TO GROW.
- Continued strong growth in all age ranges, but noticeably higher in the “college age” area. (within the red box)
- Senior population those over 55, has seen the largest growth, and is expected to continue. What services would/ could be needed for this population.
- Migration out to the outer ring suburbs is continuing.
- Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates http://www.census.gov/did/www/saipe/data/statecounty/data/2013.html
- http://www.austintexas.gov/page/demographic-maps
- Low income population growth
- http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-access-research-atlas/go-to-the-atlas.aspx
- Mitchem, A., & Mortenson, T. (2015) Indicators of Higher Education Equity in the United States. The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education
- 1974 – 52% 2012 – 27%
- Leave this slidein.. High light the big numbers
- http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/2014/labor-market-metro-areas-teens-young-adults
- You have been tasked with developing pathways to careers for individuals in our service area. Our presentation so far has described the individuals we serve and those we will be serving in the future. Developing pathways to careers for individuals requires you to be aware of current and emerging employment needs in Central Texas. With this information, you can more effectively link the pathways to occupations that will not only add value to businesses, but which will provide individuals with wages that can support them and their families in the long term. What is a Skills Gap? Simply put, it is where the number of available jobs requiring specific skills is greater than the number of workers with the requisite skills. Essentially the demand is greater than the supply of workers, for specific occupations.
- Nationally, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that occupations in healthcare, healthcare support, construction, and personal care fields will add 5.3 M jobs to the economy in the next 10 years, representing 30% of all new employment. High skill jobs (those requiring a masters degree) will grow by 18.4% between 2012 and 2022. Middle skill jobs (those requiring more than a high school diploma, but less than a bachelors degree, will grow by 15.8%. [Monthly Labor Review, Occupational employment projections to 2022. December 2013]
- The National Skills Coalition reports that middle skill jobs currently account for 55% of Texas’ labor market. Only 43% of the state’s workers are trained at this level. While demand for middle skills jobs is projected to decrease slightly from 2010 to 2020, it will still comprise about half of the Texas workforce. Contrary to some futurists who predict that the workforce will be shaped like a dumbbell, with most jobs at the low skilled and high skilled ends, we will still need a large portion of middle skill workers to sustain productivity in business and industry.
- Many of the jobs in growth occupational sectors will be middle skill jobs. Middle skill jobs require more than an high school diploma, but less than a bachelor’s degree. They pay good salaries and benefits (typically starting higher than minimum wage, even in cities where the minimum wage is higher than federally required, often $20 or more per hour). In addition, these jobs can lead to higher paying positions, and a pathway to increased lifetime career earnings. NOTE: Some of the growth industries include a skills gap in low-skill occupations, such as those in the personal care sector. These jobs may not offer more than minimum wage or a living wage, and may not provide strong career pathways for individuals. NOTE: Some middle skill occupations are becoming subject to degree creep, and will no longer be categorized as middle skill. For example, to remain competitive, hospitals are requiring registered nurses to have a bachelor’s degree; programmer positions in technology companies are more likely to be filled by workers with bachelor’s degrees (75%), although HR managers report that a four-year degree is not a pre-requisite for these jobs. In many of the middle skills occupations, skills gaps exist or are predicted to develop in the near future. While the skills gap reflects an obvious difference between the supply of workers with the requisite skills and the demand employers have for the middle skill jobs, other trends are occurring which appear to make the mismatch more critical. ---Middle skill jobs are changing in meaningful ways, with added tasks, different processes, or more technology; ---Wages have stagnated and begun to decline throughout the economy as a result of the Great Recession; ---Large numbers of unemployed workers; ---Increasing numbers of children and families in poverty; ---Recent high school and college graduates are finding it difficult to find jobs in the areas in which they studied, ---Smaller and mid sized companies are reporting that vacancies in middle skill jobs is affecting their ability to serve customers, and without access to middle skill workers, business and industry competitiveness and growth will be limited. ---Underemployment for middle skill workers and recent college graduates; ---Young people are eschewing some middle skill jobs perceiving these jobs as operating in noisy, machine filled rooms, when they are more likely to be operating a computer that is controlling production machines that are quieter and more efficient than in the past; ---Educational programming is out of sync with the work world. Some workers are studying in programs where there are few jobs; and other workers have completed programs of study with large long-term student debt and low wage jobs. Meeting the demands of this persistent skills gap can improve competitiveness of the businesses in our community. The career pathways created can significantly contribute to closing the growing gap between the low- and high-income households. Educational programming for middle skills jobs has the potential to provide opportunities for economic mobility for emerging demographics of Central Texas – increasing Hispanic population that is less educated,
- As a result of these and other conditions in business and industry, a recent study by Accenture, Burning Glass, and the Harvard Business School in 2014 argues that we must focus on middle skill jobs, specifically those that meet 3 criteria (1) they create high value for US businesses, (2) they provide decent wages initially, and a pathway to increasing lifetime career value for workers (relative value, low to high, of an occupation to a worker, measuring the occupation’s average salary and future earning potential), and (3) they are persistently hard to fill. Historically in the US, middle skill jobs have created: ---the Engine that powers productivity and competitiveness of US business and industry [http://power.cummins.com/ Cummins is a global power leader that designs, manufactures, sells and services diesel engines and related technology around the world.] ---the Springboard for families to move into middle class [http://www.zillow.com/homes/for_sale/Austin-TX/pmf,pf_pt/80091579_zpid/10221_rid/30.631413,-97.247544,29.984081,-98.258286_rect/9_zm/ - House for sale in Austin.] “Restarting America’s middle skills engine” will help the US retain and sustain its competitive advantage in business and industry, and restore avenues to a better life for disadvantaged youth, unemployed and underemployed workers, families living in poverty.
- There have been few recent studies of skill gaps in the Austin area. In recent years, Austin has developed distinct competitive advantages based on its innovation and entrepreneurship in technology. Because of the significant contribution of the technology sector to the growth of Austin’s economy - it contributes 21% of total GDP in Austin economy, and represents 11% of all jobs in the Austin area, the Austin Technology Council and City of Austin sought data on the pipeline feeding technology employment in the coming years. The study by Civic Analytics utilized labor market information obtained from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, job postings in Central Texas, and a survey of tech employers in spring 2015. For the 19 core tech occupations, which included many middle skill jobs, the study documented a weak pipeline for workers. A majority of employers in Austin who were surveyed (70%) reported that it was difficult or extremely difficult to hire tech talent. These data are consistent with national trends, but are of particular concern for Austin which derives its competitive advantage from its smaller, entrepreneurial companies and their proclivity for innovation. These companies are in the growth stage of the business life cycle, and adding workers is critical to their survival. Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Computer User Support Specialists Software Developers, Systems Software Electrical/ Electronics Engineering Technician Computer Programmers Network & Computer Systems Administrator Computer Hardware Engineers Computer & Information Systems Manager Computer Network Support Specialists Electrical Engineers Web Developers Computer Network Architects Database Administrators Computer Occupations, All Other Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Industrial Engineers Information Security Analysts Computer & Information Research Scientist
- The study also revealed that the number of Central Texas, postsecondary graduates in related programs of study is not adequate to meet annual Tech Talent job needs. Civic Analytics estimates there were 1,539 graduates of Tech Talent related programs of study in Central Texas public and private colleges in 2013. They anticipate 2,500 to 3,000 jobs would need to be filled annually, including new jobs and jobs vacated by retiring workers and workers leaving the area. [Between 2014 and 2020, new tech talent jobs will total 7,890. If retirements, turnover, and workers moving out of the Austin area are included, BLS predicts 15,239 tech talent jobs will be available. Based on the average number of jobs advertised in the Austin area from month to month, Civic Analytics suggests 2,500 to 3,500 tech talent jobs will be available each year, resulting in a total of 18,000 jobs in 2020.] While Austin’s cost of living is lower than other high tech regions, median core occupation wages are considerably lower in Austin. This discourages tech talent from outside Central Texas. High school career and tech programs are offering certifications in software (e.g., Adobe Dreamweaver, Strata IT Fundamentals) but none of the 10 certifications listed in the survey were rated at higher than 2 in importance (where 1=not important, and 5=extremely important). Employers rated the importance of 10 programming languages being taught (e.g., Perl, C#, Python); 7 languages received an average rating of 3.0; the language rated highest was JavaScript at 3.8.
- While we do not have current skill gap analyses on all the employment growth sectors, we anticipate skill gaps will affect occupations not only in Tech Talent jobs but also in middle skill occupations of Health Care, Computer/ Math, Construction Trades. These are the sectors most critical for ACC to consider in developing career pathways. We learned from the Tech Talent Study that an inadequate number of postsecondary graduates is contributing to the skills gap in tech occupations. What other factors create potential for skills gaps in middle skills occupations? ---Globalization – businesses competing globally sought out a just-in-time workforce, finding cheap but less reliable workforce where and when needed, and not grooming workers for future needs ---Technology – innovations brought reorganization of job tasks, introduction of technology into many jobs, and the creation of new jobs ---Information deficiencies – with such significant change occurring, it was difficult to track and share employment trends and projections; this lead to disconnects between employers and educational institutions, and between workers seeking jobs and employers seeking workers. ---Geographic mismatches between employers and workers; transportation issues ---Increasing technology in the workplace ---Reallocation of routine tasks to low skill workers; underemployed high skill workers in middle skill jobs ---New worker certifications required ---Trends in STEM fields ---Rapidly increasing Hispanic population that is less educated ---Significant high school drop out rates ---Aging incumbent worker pool; projected retirements, or workers who remain in workplace but need retraining ---Employers requiring work experience for entry level jobs in order to increase standards or become more competitive
- Spherion Staffing has conducted an annual Emerging Workforce Study each year for the past 18 years. In July 2015, Spherion reported that 48% of employers surveyed indicated finding qualified and skilled workers was their top HR concern in the next few years. Employers identified numerous soft skills as essential: Critical thinking, strategic thinking, problem solving Teamwork, Communication Professionalism, Strong work ethic Understanding and interpreting data Workplace technology Spherion Staffing Survey: 35% of workers reported finding it difficult to keep their skills up to date; 33% of workers surveyed believed their current job skills were inadequate for future positions. Consistent with worker beliefs, a recent study by the Texas Association of Workforce Boards (The Workforce in Texas: Aligning [K-12] education to meet the needs of employers. 2014) suggested that some of these skills were underdeveloped in both recent high school and college graduates.
- Given our interest in strengthening the economy in Central Texas, meeting business and industry’s need for qualified workers to fill middle skills jobs, and providing individuals in our community with pathways to a more prosperous future, what solutions are possible? Community college are a critical resource in addressing the skills gap for these jobs. Community colleges are best equipped to address the skills gap for middle skill occupations because we are “nimble” or “agile” and can respond quickly to industry and community needs by setting up short term or accelerated training, or creating other programs. Community colleges can provide classroom education integrated with real world experience, internships, Cooperative Education programs, accelerated training, online/ anywhere training. Research suggests that apprenticeship programs, which have become less popular in recent years, should be strengthened and expanded. Data indicate graduates of apprenticeship programs earn an additional $250,000 in lifetime earnings. Employers participating in apprenticeship programs realize a 38% return on investment as a result of lower recruitment costs, decreased need to hire contractors, increased employee retention. In the short term, employers can use creative recruitment strategies to fill the growing need for middle skill workers: Recruit postsecondary graduates in other majors with requisite skills. Seek workers with less work experience for entry level jobs, and provide on the job training. Recruit military veterans with transferrable skills who are returning to the civilian workforce. For the long-term, a developing literature recommends partnerships to provide skills training - among businesses, community colleges, high schools, unions, local governments. In summary, recent Bureau of Labor Statistics data projects that 47% of all new job openings will be middle skill jobs (Harvard Business Review article in December 2012, Kochan, Finegold, and Osterman). If ACC is to serve Central Texas effectively, we must train individuals for middle skill jobs in our community. We must work with business and industry to create pathways to these decent wage jobs. And we need to encourage employers to continue that pathway in their organizations so middle skill workers have the potential for career growth and earnings for a better life.