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Odessa
Enabling Interactive Perception Applications
on Mobile Devices
Miroslav Cupák
Moo-Ryong Ra, Anmol Sheth, Lily Mummertx, Padmanabhan Pillai, David Wetherallo, Ramesh Govindan
25/03/2013
Some slides borrowed from http://catnip.usc.edu/home/.
Outline
● Problem & Contributions
● Metrics
● Applications
● Sprout
● Application Performance
● Design & Implementation
● Evaluation
● Conclusions
Problem
● resource constrained mobile devices
● offloading and parallelism
● interactive perception applications
● requirements
○ crisp response
○ continuous processing
○ compute-intensive
○ performance depending on data
Contributions
● study of offloading & parallelism decisions
● Odessa
○ runtime automatically determining how best to use
offloading and parallelism to achieve responsiveness
and accuracy
● successful evaluation of the greedy
approach
Metrics
● makespan
○ time to execute all stages of computation for a frame
● throughput
○ rate at which frames are processed
● techniques
○ code offloading
○ pipelining
○ data parallelism
Applications
Sprout
● distributed stream processing system
● uses a data flow model to dynamically
distribute processing of an application
● takes care of data transfer, coarse-grained
data parallelism, pipeline parallelism
● Odessa
○ what/when/how to offload on top of Sprout
Application Performance
● observations
○ offloading must be made dynamically (input
variability, network bandwidth, device parameters)
○ data parallelism cannot be determined apriori
○ static choice of pipeline parallelism is not optimal
● setup
○ netbook (1 core), laptop (2 cores), server (8 cores)
○ 30 fps, 640x480 px video, 3000 (500) frames
○ network bandwidth emulation
Input Data Variability
Variability Across Mobile Platforms
Network Performance
Data & Pipeline Parallelism
Design
● goals
○ minimize makespan and maximize throughput
○ quick response to environment changes
○ low computation and communication overhead
● parts
○ application profiler
○ decision engine
Profiler
● lightweight, online
● piggybacking approach
● function
○ maintain application performance profile for the
decision engine
● data
○ execution time of each processing stage
○ wait time on connectors
○ transfer time
Decision Engine
● runs periodically
● greedy incremental approach
● estimates impact of offloading and
parallelism based on processor frequencies
and history of network measurements
● dynamic pipelining based on tokens
Decision Engine
Evaluation: Performance & Overhead
● minimum overhead
Evaluation: Other Strategies
● 3 strategies : offload all, domain-specific,
offline optimizer
Evaluation: Context Adaptation
● taking fidelity into account left for future work
Related Work
● energy saving: MAUI
● graph-based partitioning: Coign
● static partitioning: Wishbone
● a set of pre-specified partitions: CloneCloud,
Chroma, Spectra
● parallel processing: MapReduce
Conclusions
● understanding of the factors which contribute
to offloading and parallelism decisions
● Odessa
○ runtime automatically determining how best to use
offloading and parallelism to achieve responsiveness
and accuracy
● extensive evaluation
Thank you! Questions?
Discussion
● Could static analysis be used to improve the
approach?
● The paper focuses on computer vision
problems. Would this approach work with
other problems as well?
● Could this approach be altered to minimize
energy consumption instead?
● How could the implementation be improved?

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Odessa Enabling Interactive Perception Applications on Mobile Devices

  • 1. Odessa Enabling Interactive Perception Applications on Mobile Devices Miroslav Cupák Moo-Ryong Ra, Anmol Sheth, Lily Mummertx, Padmanabhan Pillai, David Wetherallo, Ramesh Govindan 25/03/2013 Some slides borrowed from http://catnip.usc.edu/home/.
  • 2. Outline ● Problem & Contributions ● Metrics ● Applications ● Sprout ● Application Performance ● Design & Implementation ● Evaluation ● Conclusions
  • 3. Problem ● resource constrained mobile devices ● offloading and parallelism ● interactive perception applications ● requirements ○ crisp response ○ continuous processing ○ compute-intensive ○ performance depending on data
  • 4. Contributions ● study of offloading & parallelism decisions ● Odessa ○ runtime automatically determining how best to use offloading and parallelism to achieve responsiveness and accuracy ● successful evaluation of the greedy approach
  • 5. Metrics ● makespan ○ time to execute all stages of computation for a frame ● throughput ○ rate at which frames are processed ● techniques ○ code offloading ○ pipelining ○ data parallelism
  • 7. Sprout ● distributed stream processing system ● uses a data flow model to dynamically distribute processing of an application ● takes care of data transfer, coarse-grained data parallelism, pipeline parallelism ● Odessa ○ what/when/how to offload on top of Sprout
  • 8. Application Performance ● observations ○ offloading must be made dynamically (input variability, network bandwidth, device parameters) ○ data parallelism cannot be determined apriori ○ static choice of pipeline parallelism is not optimal ● setup ○ netbook (1 core), laptop (2 cores), server (8 cores) ○ 30 fps, 640x480 px video, 3000 (500) frames ○ network bandwidth emulation
  • 12. Data & Pipeline Parallelism
  • 13. Design ● goals ○ minimize makespan and maximize throughput ○ quick response to environment changes ○ low computation and communication overhead ● parts ○ application profiler ○ decision engine
  • 14. Profiler ● lightweight, online ● piggybacking approach ● function ○ maintain application performance profile for the decision engine ● data ○ execution time of each processing stage ○ wait time on connectors ○ transfer time
  • 15. Decision Engine ● runs periodically ● greedy incremental approach ● estimates impact of offloading and parallelism based on processor frequencies and history of network measurements ● dynamic pipelining based on tokens
  • 17. Evaluation: Performance & Overhead ● minimum overhead
  • 18. Evaluation: Other Strategies ● 3 strategies : offload all, domain-specific, offline optimizer
  • 19. Evaluation: Context Adaptation ● taking fidelity into account left for future work
  • 20. Related Work ● energy saving: MAUI ● graph-based partitioning: Coign ● static partitioning: Wishbone ● a set of pre-specified partitions: CloneCloud, Chroma, Spectra ● parallel processing: MapReduce
  • 21. Conclusions ● understanding of the factors which contribute to offloading and parallelism decisions ● Odessa ○ runtime automatically determining how best to use offloading and parallelism to achieve responsiveness and accuracy ● extensive evaluation
  • 23. Discussion ● Could static analysis be used to improve the approach? ● The paper focuses on computer vision problems. Would this approach work with other problems as well? ● Could this approach be altered to minimize energy consumption instead? ● How could the implementation be improved?