Free space coupling planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) are essential for optical WDM and TDM systems and subscriber networks. They integrate fiber-matched silica waveguides on silicon or glass substrates. This design offers an efficient means for the interaction of guided-wave optical signals.

1. FREE SPACE COUPLING
Planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) provide various important devices for optical
WDM, TDM systems, subscriber networks and etc. Planar lightwave circuits are
devices that integrate fiber-matched silica waveguides on silicon or glass
substrate to provide an efficient means of interaction for the guided-wave
optical signals.