Occupational Safety and Health Adminitration(OSHA).PPT.pptx
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![Dr Ambedkar Institute Of Technology
Occupational safety & Health Administration[18HS72]
Group Activity on
Fire Triangle, Fire Development and its severity,
Effect of Enclosures
1
SHREEDHARA 1DA20EC128
SHREYA S 1DA20EC129
SHWETHA K A 1DA20EC131
SIDDHARAM S G 1DA20EC132](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oshappt-231219162542-7949ef59/85/Occupational-Safety-and-Health-Adminitration-OSHA-PPT-pptx-1-320.jpg)
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Chemistry and Physics of Fire and Fire
Protection Systems and Equipment
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 4:
Chemistry and Physics of
Fire
Chapter 12:
Fire Protection Systems and Equipment
Additional Required
Reading
See information below.
Supplemental
Reading
See information below.
Key Terms
1. Ambient temperature
2. Bonnet
3. Fire department connection
4. Free radicals
5. Halogenated agents
6. Latent heat of vaporization
7. Miscible
8. Molecule
9. Nonmiscible
10. Open screw and yoke valve (OS&Y)
11. Oxidation
12. Oxidizer
13. Polar solvents
14. Post indicator valve
(PI)
15. Pyrolysis
16. Retard chamber
17. Thrust block
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Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Describe the differences between fire triangle and fire tetrahedron.
2. Illustrate the comparison between chemistry of fire and physics of fire.
3. Differentiate the principles of flame spread of solid, liquid, and gas/vapor fuels.
4. Describe classes of fire, stages of fire, and heat transfer during a fire.
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• Describe how fire researchers have identified combustion processes using a variety of different classifications
• Provide a description of the stages and events of fire as it progresses from the initial stage to its final stage
• Explain the causes of flame over, flashover, and backdraft and review the procedures to prevent and protect against such events
• Describe the various methods by which heat and unburned gases move in a confined environment
• Define the five classes of fires and explain how they are classified
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The document discusses the chemistry of fire, including the fire triangle of oxygen, fuel, and heat required to start a fire. It explains the four classes of fires based on the type of fuel (A, B, C, D) and defines key terms like pyrolysis, combustion, activation energy, and chain reaction. Fire spread occurs primarily through conduction, convection and radiation. As the fire grows, it can lead to a flashover where the flames spread rapidly to involve the entire compartment.
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III STUDY GUIDE
Chemistry and Physics of Fire and Fire
Protection Systems and Equipment
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 4:
Chemistry and Physics of
Fire
Chapter 12:
Fire Protection Systems and Equipment
Additional Required
Reading
See information below.
Supplemental
Reading
See information below.
Key Terms
1. Ambient temperature
2. Bonnet
3. Fire department connection
4. Free radicals
5. Halogenated agents
6. Latent heat of vaporization
7. Miscible
8. Molecule
9. Nonmiscible
10. Open screw and yoke valve (OS&Y)
11. Oxidation
12. Oxidizer
13. Polar solvents
14. Post indicator valve
(PI)
15. Pyrolysis
16. Retard chamber
17. Thrust block
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Describe the differences between fire triangle and fire tetrahedron.
2. Illustrate the comparison between chemistry of fire and physics of fire.
3. Differentiate the principles of flame spread of solid, liquid, and gas/vapor fuels.
4. Describe classes of fire, stages of fire, and heat transfer during a fire.
5. Differentiate public and private water supply systems.
6. Illustrate the design and components of a water supply system.
7. Describe various extinguishing agents.
8. Illustrate the design and components of various types of extinguishing systems.
Written Lecture
Introduction
In this unit we will explore the world of the chemistry and physics of fire found in Chapter 4. We will also explore Chapter 12 where we will consider fire protection systems and the equipment associated with fire protection systems.
Chapter 4: Chemistry and Physics of Fire
Definition of fire: Fire is a rapid and self-sustaining oxidation process that is assisted by the generation of heat and light in various degrees of intensity. As stated in your textbook, fire is the process of oxidation and is associated with the term combustion, which is the chemical chain reaction that releases both light and heat. For all intents and purposes, fire is both friend and foe. We use fire for heating, cooking, manufacturing, and controlling other fire sources.
Fire triangle and fire tetrahedron: Perhaps as a child you were taught that fire was represented by a triangle with each side denoting one of the three components required to sustain fire: air, fuel, and heat. Classically known as the Fire Triangle we learned that by removing any one of the three components fire would be extinguished.
1
Over time, the scientific community has added another dimension called the chemical reaction found during the combustion process. With the addition of this fourth side we now have the new symbol of fire called the fire tetrahedron.
Chemistry of fire: Fire needs two basic elements in order to sustain its existence, and without the two in union, fire cannot occur. These two elements are oxidizer and fuel.
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The document provides information for fire brigade members on firefighting equipment and techniques. It covers the components of fire, classes of fire, fire extinguishing methods, self-contained breathing apparatus, and stages of fire development. Practical firefighting skills like handling hoses and breathing apparatus are also discussed.
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This document summarizes key concepts about fire behavior and fire spread. It discusses the three main modes of heat transfer (conduction, convection, and radiation) and the four phases of fire development (incipient, emergent smoldering, free-burning, and oxygen-regulated smoldering). Factors that influence fire spread include fuel, slope, aspect, weather, and structural elements that can enhance fire movement. Smoke color indicates the type of material burning, and fire investigation examines burn patterns and damage to determine fire origin and path.
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• Explain the theories underlying combustion processes
• Describe how fire researchers have identified combustion processes using a variety of different classifications
• Provide a description of the stages and events of fire as it progresses from the initial stage to its final stage
• Explain the causes of flame over, flashover, and backdraft and review the procedures to prevent and protect against such events
• Describe the various methods by which heat and unburned gases move in a confined environment
• Define the five classes of fires and explain how they are classified
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Occupational Safety and Health Adminitration(OSHA).PPT.pptx
- 1. Dr Ambedkar Institute Of Technology Occupational safety & Health Administration[18HS72] Group Activity on Fire Triangle, Fire Development and its severity, Effect of Enclosures 1 SHREEDHARA 1DA20EC128 SHREYA S 1DA20EC129 SHWETHA K A 1DA20EC131 SIDDHARAM S G 1DA20EC132
- 2. FIRE Fire is naturally occurring energy release in the form of heat and light when oxygen combines with a combustible or burnable material at a suitable high temperature. Three things must be present at the same time in order to produce fire. i. Enough oxygen to sustain combustion. ii. Enough heat to raise the material to its ignition temperature. iii. Some sort of fuel or combustible material.
- 3. Fire or combustion is a chemical reaction between Oxygen and combustible fuel process by which fire converts fuel & Oxygen in to energy usually in the form of heat, by products of combustion includes light and smoke. Fire is a chain reaction, for combustion to continue these must be a constant source of fuel, Oxygen & heat which are in intimate contact with each other PRESENTATION TITLE 3 Fig: Fire Triangle
- 4. ClassA - Ordinary materials such as paper, wood, cloth. Class B-Flammable liquids or Combustible liquids such as gasoline, paint, propane, kerosene Class C-Electrical equipment fires, appliances, switches, panels Class D-Certain metals such as magnesium, sodium, potassium, titanium, and aluminium. Class E-Fires involving commercial cooking appliances with vegetable oils, animal oils or fats at high temperatures. PRESENTATION TITLE 4 TYPES OF FIRE
- 5. FIRE DEVELOPMENT: SEVERITY & DURATION PRESENTATION TITLE 5 Critical level Sever Hazard Interval for action to life Safety Detection level Major Ignition Flame stability Spread beyond source Growth in all direction Fig: General Effects of Fire Development on Hazards to Life Safety Initially, when fuel, Oxygen and heat combine there is little or no hazard when ignition occur, fires develops slowly & the rate of hazard increases as the fire develops. The figure shows the general effect of fire development on hazards to life safety; from the figure we can say that there is a time interval between the first detection & the critical level of fire development which represents hazards to life cycle. All actions to preserve life safety must be undertaken in this interval to time. Ignition: The ignition source along with the fuel first ignited will determine the initial fire development, the ignition source dependent on the fuel & presence of flammable vapors in the right mixtures. Flames spread: Flame spreads along the surface of the original fuel which was ignited depends on the properties of the fuel & the supply of Oxygen.
- 6. THE EFFECTS OF ENCLOSURE Once the fire is been started it spread beyond the source is determined by the enclosure within the building. In larger fire, the effect of enclosure will become a important factor as it controls the Oxygen source and it traps all combustion gases in the upper portion of the room. This is a result of heat transfer under fire conditions. Heat must be transferred to other materials for the fire to spread and takes place by convection, conduction or radiation. Convection is the movement of heat by hot gases, conduction the transfer of heat through a material from hot to cold area and radiation is transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves from a source to a solid within line of site with the source. When a fire is contained within a room where Oxygen supply is adequate, the fire will continue to grow until all the fuel is consumed, such a fire which is limited by amount of fuel is called fuel controlled fire. When all fuel is burning, but is slowed because it becomes starved of Oxygen then it is called ventilation controlled fire.
- 7. Thank you