Dr. Rebecca Beeken presented on inspiring behavioral change through various techniques. She discussed traditional approaches focusing on information alone are often ineffective for behavior change. The COM-B model identifies capability, motivation, and opportunity as necessary conditions for behavior. Successful interventions incorporate self-monitoring and other self-regulation techniques. Commercial weight loss programs that emphasize lifestyle changes over dieting and use behavior change techniques and cognitive behavioral therapy have shown promising results. Habit formation through repetition can help establish healthy behaviors long-term. Health professionals, teachable moments, and nudging in appropriate settings can also influence behavior change. A multifaceted approach is needed to inspire lasting behavior change.
Allison Flynn, MPH, Health and Nutrition Program Advisor, World Relief discusses community-based efforts to prevent stunting, primarily World Relief's Nutrition Weeks approach that builds on evidence-based models at the CCIH 2018 Conference.
Stories of Change in Nutrition in South Asia: Evidence from BangladeshTransform Nutrition
This presentation by Nick Nisbett, Institute of Development Studies was shown at the Transform Nutrition - Evidence for Action regional meeting in Kathmandu, Nepal on 8 July 2017. This one-day event shared Transform Nutrition evidence on key issues related to nutrition policy in Nepal, Bangladesh and India, lessons on strategies for change from other contexts and discuss the relevance and applicability of the research findings to policies/programmes that aim to address nutrition in South Asia.
CO-CREATE official opening presentation by professor Deanna HoelscerFolkehelseinstituttet
A consortium of 14 international research and advocacy organisations met in Oslo, Norway, 27-28 June 2018 to kick off the ground-breaking project CO-CREATE, to tackle overweight and obesity in young people. This is one of three presentations from the kick off meeting. The CO-CREATE project web site is http://www.co-create.eu
These slides show the Hertfordshire breakdown of adult excess weight from the figures released by Public Health England in 2014 and the actions we are taking so far
This presentation by Stuart Gillespie, IFPRI was shown at the Transform Nutrition - Evidence for Action regional meeting in Kathmandu, Nepal on 8 July 2017. This one-day event shared Transform Nutrition evidence on key issues related to nutrition policy in Nepal, Bangladesh and India, lessons on strategies for change from other contexts and discuss the relevance and applicability of the research findings to policies/programmes that aim to address nutrition in South Asia.
The conference on Food Safety and Nutrition in 2050 – organised by Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission – provided an opportunity for dialogue among global stakeholders on the emerging challenges to the food chain and the role of future policy-making in addressing those challenges.
The conference also provided the opportunity to foster a dialogue on consumers' expectations for safe, nutritious, quality and sustainable food and the role of food science, technology and innovation in achieving them. Held on 17 July 2015 in Milan, Italy.
Allison Flynn, MPH, Health and Nutrition Program Advisor, World Relief discusses community-based efforts to prevent stunting, primarily World Relief's Nutrition Weeks approach that builds on evidence-based models at the CCIH 2018 Conference.
Stories of Change in Nutrition in South Asia: Evidence from BangladeshTransform Nutrition
This presentation by Nick Nisbett, Institute of Development Studies was shown at the Transform Nutrition - Evidence for Action regional meeting in Kathmandu, Nepal on 8 July 2017. This one-day event shared Transform Nutrition evidence on key issues related to nutrition policy in Nepal, Bangladesh and India, lessons on strategies for change from other contexts and discuss the relevance and applicability of the research findings to policies/programmes that aim to address nutrition in South Asia.
CO-CREATE official opening presentation by professor Deanna HoelscerFolkehelseinstituttet
A consortium of 14 international research and advocacy organisations met in Oslo, Norway, 27-28 June 2018 to kick off the ground-breaking project CO-CREATE, to tackle overweight and obesity in young people. This is one of three presentations from the kick off meeting. The CO-CREATE project web site is http://www.co-create.eu
These slides show the Hertfordshire breakdown of adult excess weight from the figures released by Public Health England in 2014 and the actions we are taking so far
This presentation by Stuart Gillespie, IFPRI was shown at the Transform Nutrition - Evidence for Action regional meeting in Kathmandu, Nepal on 8 July 2017. This one-day event shared Transform Nutrition evidence on key issues related to nutrition policy in Nepal, Bangladesh and India, lessons on strategies for change from other contexts and discuss the relevance and applicability of the research findings to policies/programmes that aim to address nutrition in South Asia.
The conference on Food Safety and Nutrition in 2050 – organised by Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission – provided an opportunity for dialogue among global stakeholders on the emerging challenges to the food chain and the role of future policy-making in addressing those challenges.
The conference also provided the opportunity to foster a dialogue on consumers' expectations for safe, nutritious, quality and sustainable food and the role of food science, technology and innovation in achieving them. Held on 17 July 2015 in Milan, Italy.
Engagement Is Everything, How To Apply Psychology to Improve Digital Experien...Mad*Pow
Why are some digital experiences utterly engaging—addicting, even—and others can’t hold people’s attention for more than a few minutes (we’re looking at you, employer-mandated health risk assessments)? In a world where there are hundreds of thousands of apps in the health and wellness category alone, an engaging experience is a must to win space on someone’s smartphone. In this webinar, we’ll dive into the behavior science behind motivation to uncover some of the qualities of truly engaging digital experiences.
We begin with an understanding of what it means to be engaged, and how to decide what level of engagement is needed for a particular experience. Then, we dive into a robust and well-researched theory of motivation, self-determination theory, to understand what makes certain experiences stick. It’s all about identifying and pushing the “levers of motivation” by designing for the fundamental psychological needs that make people tick. Behavior Change Design Director Amy Bucher, Ph.D., will walk through industry-best examples of engaging digital experiences ranging from video games to educational tools to health interventions. She’ll offer a list of best practices for each of the key levers of motivation: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Learn how to super-charge your digital products with psychology.
This document was produced for a Webinar for the Association of Directors of Public Health (ADHP www.adph.org.uk ) on 27th April 2017 in partnership with Public Health England (PHE www.gov.uk/phe) Hertfordshire County Council (www.hertfordshire.gov.uk) and the Health Psychology in Public Health Network (HPPHN www.hppn.org.uk ).
Patient activation: New insights into the role of patients in self-managementMS Trust
This presentation by Helen Gilburt, Fellow at The King's Fund, looks at why some people are active at managing their health while others are quite passive, and how levels of patient activation impact on health outcomes.
It was presented at the MS Trust Annual Conference in November 2014.
View this webinar to learn how to create effective weight loss incentives that lead to positive outcomes. Penny Moore, Chief Rrevenue Officer at ShapeUp, and Lucas Coffeen, ShapeUp’s Product Manager, will talk through the best way to incent for healthy weight, including:
- What the research says about encouraging weight loss
- Why incentives are an important part of overall wellness programs
- Which behaviors to reward and which to avoid
- How to properly use incentives as a motivational tool
Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change Model)Rozanne Clarke
The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) speaks on suggested strategies for public health interventions to address people at various stages of the decision-making process. Acknowledgements of this and other behavioural change models will resulting in social marketing campaigns being implemented as they're tailored to suit the target audience.
✚ The Scope of Health Behavior
✚ The Changing Context of Health, Disease, and Health Behavior
✚ Health Behavior and Health Behavior Change
✚ Settings and Audiences for Health Behavior Change
✚ Progress in Health Behavior Research and Practice
Healthy People 2020Healthy People was a call to action and an.docxpooleavelina
Healthy People 2020
Healthy People was a call to action and an attempt to set health goals for the United States for the next 10 years.
Healthy People 2000 established 3 general goals:
Increase the span of healthy life.
Reduce health disparities.
Create access to preventive services for all.
Healthy People 2010 introduced 2 general goals:
Increase quality and years of healthy life.
Eliminate health disparities.
Practical Policy for Preventive Services
The U.S. health care system faces significant challenges that clearly indicate the urgent need for reform.
There is broad evidence that Americans often do not get the care they need even though the United States spends more money per person on health care than any other nation in the world.
Preventive care is underutilized, resulting in higher spending on complex, advanced diseases.
Practical Policy for Preventive Services
Patients with chronic diseases too often do not receive proven and effective treatments such as drug therapies or self management services to help them more effectively manage their conditions.
These problems are exacerbated by a lack of coordination of care for patients with chronic diseases.
Reforming our health care delivery system to improve the quality and value of care is essential to address escalating costs, poor quality, and increasing numbers of Americans without health insurance coverage.
Why policies need to be developed?
Basic needs are not being met (e.g., People are not receiving the health care they need)
People are not being treated fairly (e.g., People with disabilities do not have access to public places)
Resources are distributed unfairly (e.g., Educational services are more limited in neighborhoods of concentrated poverty)
Why policies need to be developed?
Current policies or laws are not enforced or effective (e.g., The current laws on clean water are neither enforced nor effective)
Proposed changes in policies or laws would be harmful (e.g., A plan to eliminate flextime in a large business would reduce parents' ability to be with their children)
Existing or emerging conditions pose a threat to public health, safety, education, or well-being (e.g., New threats from terrorist activity)
Marjory Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Marjory Gordon was a nursing theorist and professor who created a nursing assessment theory known as Gordon's functional health patterns.
It is a method to be used by nurses in the nursing process to provide a more comprehensive nursing evaluation of the patient.
Gordon's functional health pattern includes 11 categories which is a systematic and standardized approach to data collection.
List of Functional Health Patterns
1. Health Perception – Health Management Pattern
describes client’s perceived pattern of health and well being and how health is managed.
2. Nutritional – Metabolic Pattern
describes pattern of food and fluid consumption relative to metabolic need and pattern indicators of loca ...
Similar to Obesity- Tipping Back the Scales of the Nation 19th April, 2017 (20)
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
5. The COM-B system: Behaviour occurs as an
interaction between three necessary conditions
Capability
Motivation
Opportunity
Behaviour
Psychological or physical ability
to enact the behaviour
Reflective and automatic
mechanisms that activate or
inhibit behaviour
Physical and social
environment that enables
the behaviour
Michie, van Stralen, & West, 2011
6. Behaviour Change Techniques: Taxonomy
Abraham & Michie,
2008 Health
Psychology
BC
techniques
drawn from
health
behaviour
models
7. Successful behaviour change techniques
• Michie et al (2009) Meta-analysis of 84 physical activity and
healthy eating interventions
• Which behaviour change techniques are most frequently
featured in effective interventions?
• Interventions combining ‘self-monitoring’ and at least one
other technique related to self-regulation were twice as
effective as other interventions, e.g. goal-setting, providing
feedback, rewards…
8. Commercial programmes are promising
From: Efficacy of Commercial
Weight-Loss Programs: An
Updated Systematic Review
Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(7):501-
512. doi:10.7326/M14-2238
9. A psychological approach to
managing eating and physical activity
over the long term
Strong emphasis on lifestyle change
not dieting
Peer learning OR self-help
Via behaviour change techniques &
modified CBT = weight management
through permanent lifestyle change
11. • Used by more than 15,000 adults in the UK to date
• Mean weight loss 2.8kg over 8 weeks, 5.3% at 6 months
• Over 90% of users report feeling more in control of
their eating habits
• 98% would recommend Shape-Up to a friend trying to
manage their weight
Shape Up Audit: Preliminary results
12. Habit development
• Habits are (relatively)
automatically triggered actions
• Formed through repetition in a
consistent context = ↑
automaticity
• Can be used to help individuals
‘learn’ healthy lifestyle behaviours
Lally et al, Eur J Soc Psychol, 2009
13. Habit-based interventions
• Require less engagement or motivation
• Less time-consuming to explain
• Easier to implement
• Promotes long-term maintenance
17. Jackson et al. (2014). BMJ
Open. 3: e003693-e003693
Health professionals can play an important role
Only 17% of overweight and
42% of obese respondents
recalled ever having
received HP advice to lose
weight.
20. ‘Teachable moment’-
A window of time following an event in which a patient is more amenable to lifestyle change’
Affective reactions Self-conceptPerceived risk
Event
Teachable
moment
McBride et al., 2003
Health Educ Res
Behaviour
change
21. Effect of advice on fruit and vegetable intake after bowel screening (n=742;
85% follow-up (Baker & Wardle, 2002)
Knowledge Intake
Pre Post Pre Post
Control 4.1 4.1 3.0 3.3
Intervention 4.0 4.7 3.1 4.1
Evidence from intervention studies [shows] that comprehensive interventions
are acceptable for asymptomatic subjects targeted for cancer screening. A
positive impact on dietary behaviors was observed in all studies, conflicting
results were reported for physical activity, and no impact was observed for
interventions on smoking cessation (9 trials)
23. ‘a technique that alters a person’s decision-making context without removing
options or changing the incentives in order to promote choice and behaviour
in accordance to their own preferences, such as choosing healthy food over
unhealthy food in a supermarket’
Nudging
24. van Kleef et al. BMC Public
Health 2012, 12:1072
25. • We have a raft of effective (ish) strategies for inspiring behaviour change
• The who, the when and the where might also be important
• Personalised behavioural medicine and digital technologies offer novel approaches
• We need to understand how to inspire behaviour change in policy makers & industry
• Need to tackle social inequalities
• Given the challenge of inspiring change, the importance of establishing healthy behaviours
in early life (and preventing unhealthy behaviours) cannot be understated
Conclusions & Future Directions
26. Acknowledgments
• Dr Helen Croker
• Dr Pippa Lally
• Dr Laura McGowan
• Dr Susanne Meisel
• Dr Claudia Hunot
• Nathalie Kliemann
• Professor Jane Wardle (1950-2015)
Editor's Notes
Thank you very much for inviting me here today. As … mentioned I am a researcher in the newly formed Department of Behavioural Science and Health at UCL, I’m also a trusteer for the charity Weight Concern, and the majority of my research to date has been around the role of behaviour in both cancer prevention and survivorship, so trying to find ways to inspire behaviour change is of real importance to the work I do.
SO I’m firstly going to talk a abit about how we might try to inspire behaviour change,
Well, the traditional approach would be to simply tell people what they should be doing and why, but we know that this is rarely sufficient. In getting people to change their health behaviours over the logn term.
More recently, health psychologists have developed the Com-B model which illustrates that inspiring behaviour change is a little bit more complex than just giving people information. Essentially, people need to feel motivated, so they need to want to do it- either consciously or sometimes sub-consciously, they need to feel they can do it, and they need to feel supported to do it by their physical and social environment
In addition to tekking people what they should be doing and why- we need to support them by giving them straegties to help change these 3 conditions and in turn change their behaviour.
A lot of work has been to try and ifentify the behaviour change techniqes that exist and which work best– I don’t expect you to be able to read this, but essentially it’s an example of a behaviour change taxonomy created by susan michie and colleagues at UCL which lists all the possible technieuqs and links them to the relevant theories so that we can better understand what works and what doesnt
So for example, for healthy eating and physical interventions-those behvaiours that mimght lead to weight loss- using the taxonomy susan michie and colleagues were able to identifythat ….
the ability to plan and monitor your behaviour and outcomes, and change it accordingly (so for example..)
Most effective – some have argued that these are just the techniques that are just the best reported, but it’s a promising starting point,
. These techniques are typically embedded in a number of weight management programmes which have been shown to be proising. This is data from
A recent review of these programmes, suggests they are typically effective, although slightly less so over the long term- and more data from well-designed trials is really needed on long-term outcomes
Many trials were short (<12 months), had high attrition, and lacked blinding.
One of the programmes that we’ve developed at Weight Concern is very much in line with these commercial programmes, but does frame things slightly differently, and I think In terms of inspiring change framing can be important
CBT- basic assumption is that our thoughts, feelings, behaviours and bodily reactions are all interlinked. To change HR behaviours, need to consider underlying patterns of thoughts and feelings.
EG: Someone visits the doctors and is told they are obese and need to lose weight immediately:
NEGATIVE THOUGHTS
I’m disgustit’s too late. I’ve spent a lifetime of dieting and bingeing. I can’t change.
EMOTIONS
Hopeless
De-motivated
Low mood
PHYSIOLOGY
Low energy
Fatigue
BEHAVIOUR
Comfort eat
Avoid seeing people
OR
HELPFUL THOUGHTS
This isn’t going to be easy, but maybe this time I can get the proper support that I need. I have successfully lost weight before, I can do it.
EMOTION
Motivated
PHYSIOLOGY
No major changes
? adrenalin & ready for action
BEHAVIOUR
Ask GP to refer to a WM programme
Join the gym
A 2009 Cochrane review emphasised that cognitive behavioural therapy significantly improves weight loss interventions
We’ve just started to do an audit of the effectiveness of shape up… so again very promising data, but we need more long term follow up and ideally to test it in a rct
(443 respondents)
89% established a regular pattern of eating
86% have increase their level of physical activity
93% now balance the types of food they eat
82% have increased the amount of fruit and vegetables that they eat
89% have set effective lifestyle goals and work towards them
92% are following the Shape-Up guidance on serving sizes
87% are better able to manage ‘triggers’ that may lead to unhealthy behaviours
88% are better able to understand the information on food labels
93% feel more in control of my eating habits
96% feel confident and motivated to continue with lifestyle changes I have made
84% have lost weight
98% would recommend the Shape-Up programme to a friend who wanted to manage their weight
Another area, that I and my colleagues at UCL are increasingly interested in is the role of habits in inspiring behaviour change, and particularly the potential to use habit formation theory in brief interventions to inspire chang
That while, cp are promising, they are not everyone- these more traditional behavioural approaches with inherently high demand for commitment achieve limited adherence. Leaflet intervention
Describes a set of simple energy balance behaviours that can be turned into habits
Explains the habit model and how to repeat in a consistent context
Includes a log book for self-monitoring, a wallet sized card with guidance on food labels, and advice on self-weighing
No further clinical contact
Set of behaviours associated with significant calorie reduction, Nutritionally sound, Common(ish) in adults, Can be repeated frequently in a consistent situation, Easy-to-recall names
Self regulation and automaticity- adding an additional self ruglation tool. To help break habits. (surf the urge)
This approach ahs also been used to successful modify parental feeding behvaiours, with children of parents who ahd received a habit based intervention consuming more vegetables, healthy snacks and water than children in an information only control group. SO I think this is a really promising, new approach to helping individuals change their behaviours, and more studies are needed to test it’s effectiveness in differnet contexts and at the population-level.
So those are some of techniques and interventions we might use to try and inspire behaviour change, but we also know that certain individuals can inspire behaviour change
, in particular, there is increasing evidence that suggests receiving advice from a HP is particularly motivating. this graph demonstrates that in a large cohort of UK adults, those who’d received
And many of you may have heard about the latest study published in the Lancet by Paul Aveyard and colleagues, which showed that a 30 second recommendation to attend a weight management programme, at the end of a consultation about another health problem promoted weight loss over a year and was considered by the majority of patients to be appropriate and helpful,
So I do think health professionals can play an important role, and hopefully some of the work that has been done recently like the bewel trial and 10tt, will go some way to providing them with the reassurance and support they need in order to feel able to inspire behaviour change in their patients
There is also increasing interest in the role that timing might play in encouraging individuals to change their behaviour, and this is somewhat linked to who, but I think it’s a really interesting aspect of behaviour- that certain events might inspire change or just push us over that tipping point for a behaviour we’d been considering stopping/starting/changing. These can be positive or negative evnts,
But the term in the literature that has been coined for these events is a ‘teachavle moment’, there is an emerging body of evidence around the concept of teachable moments, which are defined as a windor of time individuals might be more amenable to lifestyle change for example, because they feel more worried, or at risk as a consequence of a certain event.
A number of events are thought to fall into this category, from pregnancy, to a cancer diagnosis, but one moment that has been receiving increasing attention is cancer screening
And a review of the work in this area found some evidence that health behaviour interventions delivered at screening can promote behaviour change, particularly for dietary behaviours, However, we don’t know if these interventions would have been just as effective if they had been delivered at another time, and so more work needs to be done around this, in addition to addressing the practicalities of delivering interventions at these particulalr moments.
Lastlly, I wanted to talk briefly about where we might try to inspire behaviour change. A lot of the interventions I’ve talked about are in medical settings, have been sought out by the individual, but I think its also important to think about the day to day environment that might also inspire behavioural change
And this is somewhat linked to another approach to targeting more automatic processes that has received increasing attention called nudging, which tends to be more of a structural intervemtion and aims to make it easier for people to make a healthy choice. So for example many of you may have noticed the so called healthy checkouts that a number of our supermarkets have adopted- replacing sweets with fruit.
And there is some evidence for the success of these approacjes. This data is from a study in the Netherlands by vankllefe and colleagues changed the proportion of healthy and unhealthy snacks available in a hospital canteen, and also varied the position of the snacks to either be at the top or bottom of the shelf. And sure enough the condition in which the most healthy snacks were purchased was when there were more availavle and they were at the top of the shelf.
But changes are modest, and more research is needed on long-term effects
I’d just like to finish by acknowledging my collaborators who have contributed to the work I’ve presented, and thank you very much for listening.