The Obama administration on Thursday defended its collection of the telephone records of millions of Americans as part of U.S. counter terrorism efforts, re-igniting a fierce debate over privacy even as it called the program critical to warding off an attack.
The admission came after Britain's Guardian newspaper published on Wednesday a secret court order authorizing the collection of phone records generated by millions of Verizon Communications(VZ.N) customers.
Privacy advocates blasted the order as unconstitutional government surveillance and called for a review of the program amid renewed concerns about intelligence-gathering efforts launched after the September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States.
Anger swells after NSA phone records collection revelationstrupassion
The scale of America's surveillance state was laid bare on Thursday as senior politicians revealed that the US counter-terrorism effort had swept up swaths of personal data from the phone calls of millions of citizens for years.
After the revelation by the Guardian of a sweeping secret court order that authorised the FBI to seize all call records from a subsidiary of Verizon, the Obama administration sought to defuse mounting anger over what critics described as the broadest surveillance ruling ever issued.
Dea has more extensive domestic phone surveillance op than nsaWorld Truth
For at least six years, US anti-drug agents have used subpoenas to routinely gain access to an enormous AT&T database. It’s an intrusion greater in scale and longevity than the NSA’s collection of phone calls, revealed by Edward Snowden’s leaks.
House rejects nsa spying restrictions after white house outcryWorld Truth
The US House of Representatives voted on Wednesday to reject an attempt to reign in domestic spying by the National Security Agency following a storm of lobbying by the White House against the measure.
In a 205-217 vote the House defeated an amendment introduced by Rep. Justin Amash (R-Michigan) which would have prevented the NSA from collecting the phone data of individuals not currently under investigation.
Anger swells after NSA phone records collection revelationstrupassion
The scale of America's surveillance state was laid bare on Thursday as senior politicians revealed that the US counter-terrorism effort had swept up swaths of personal data from the phone calls of millions of citizens for years.
After the revelation by the Guardian of a sweeping secret court order that authorised the FBI to seize all call records from a subsidiary of Verizon, the Obama administration sought to defuse mounting anger over what critics described as the broadest surveillance ruling ever issued.
Dea has more extensive domestic phone surveillance op than nsaWorld Truth
For at least six years, US anti-drug agents have used subpoenas to routinely gain access to an enormous AT&T database. It’s an intrusion greater in scale and longevity than the NSA’s collection of phone calls, revealed by Edward Snowden’s leaks.
House rejects nsa spying restrictions after white house outcryWorld Truth
The US House of Representatives voted on Wednesday to reject an attempt to reign in domestic spying by the National Security Agency following a storm of lobbying by the White House against the measure.
In a 205-217 vote the House defeated an amendment introduced by Rep. Justin Amash (R-Michigan) which would have prevented the NSA from collecting the phone data of individuals not currently under investigation.
The ‘World Wide Web (WWW)’ or popularly known as the ‘Internet’ has become an essential part of our professional and personal lives. It has revolutionized communication
and trade beyond the control of National and International borders. Therefore, the prevention of trafficking of drugs through World Wide Web is the emerging evil and
remains a global challenge for Law Enforcement Agencies. The problem of understanding ‘Trafficking of Drugs through Internet’ has been compared with the problem of elephant
and the five blind men.
A Typical modus operandi of drug trafficking through internet and operation of Internet Pharmacies has been identified on the basis of Indian case -studies. Based on the Indian experience, a Strategic Roadmap for prevention of drug trafficking through Internet has been prepared. The obstacles to the implementation of Strategic Roadmap have been identified and solutions proposed within the existing system of Criminal Justice Administration. Finally, the process of evaluation of the proposed Strategic Plan has been proposed by author.
Advisory to Financial Institutions on Illicit Financial Schemes and Methods R...- Mark - Fullbright
Transnational criminal organizations (TCOs), foreign fentanyl suppliers, and Internet purchasers located in the United States engage in the trafficking of fentanyl, fentanyl analogues, and other synthetic opioids and the subsequent laundering of the proceeds from such illegal sales.
The legalization of cannabis was a key election promise in 2015. Cannabis has been legalized but there have been many issues with cannabis over the past two years.
There has been a lot said about the cannabis market in Canada since October 2018. This presentation looks at many angles as part of assessing what needs to happen to the cannabis market as part of its' long-term growth.
The ‘World Wide Web (WWW)’ or popularly known as the ‘Internet’ has become an essential part of our professional and personal lives. It has revolutionized communication
and trade beyond the control of National and International borders. Therefore, the prevention of trafficking of drugs through World Wide Web is the emerging evil and
remains a global challenge for Law Enforcement Agencies. The problem of understanding ‘Trafficking of Drugs through Internet’ has been compared with the problem of elephant
and the five blind men.
A Typical modus operandi of drug trafficking through internet and operation of Internet Pharmacies has been identified on the basis of Indian case -studies. Based on the Indian experience, a Strategic Roadmap for prevention of drug trafficking through Internet has been prepared. The obstacles to the implementation of Strategic Roadmap have been identified and solutions proposed within the existing system of Criminal Justice Administration. Finally, the process of evaluation of the proposed Strategic Plan has been proposed by author.
Advisory to Financial Institutions on Illicit Financial Schemes and Methods R...- Mark - Fullbright
Transnational criminal organizations (TCOs), foreign fentanyl suppliers, and Internet purchasers located in the United States engage in the trafficking of fentanyl, fentanyl analogues, and other synthetic opioids and the subsequent laundering of the proceeds from such illegal sales.
The legalization of cannabis was a key election promise in 2015. Cannabis has been legalized but there have been many issues with cannabis over the past two years.
There has been a lot said about the cannabis market in Canada since October 2018. This presentation looks at many angles as part of assessing what needs to happen to the cannabis market as part of its' long-term growth.
Customer Development Startup 101 with Founder Institute SydneyDaniel Ringrose
You love your startup idea, and every new entrepreneur does! But what would happen if you spent months and $'000s just to find out no-one wants to buy what you're offering?
In just two hours, the Startup Customer Development Bootcamp will help you shape your idea through customer behaviour really early, and avoid 'interview bias'. We'll teach you how to find your biggest riskiest assumption, and walk through a question structure to help you learn what customers 'do' not what they 'say'.
Our services for the Furniture Industry:
- Price List Generator for the automation of all the processes involved in this activity
- B2B service for letting company to give easy and quick quotation and order entry system to the clients
- Online 3D platform that enables configuring any interior content in real time at any time
Intelligence chief defends internet spying programabiross34
WASHINGTON (AP) — Eager to quell a domestic furor over U.S. spying, the nation’s top intelligence official stressed Saturday that a previously undisclosed program for tapping into Internet usage is authorized by Congress, falls under strict supervision of a secret court and cannot intentionally target a U.S. citizen. He decried the revelation of that and another intelligence-gathering program as reckless.
For the second time in three days, Director of National Intelligence James Clapper took the rare step of declassifying some details of an intelligence program to respond to media reports about counterterrorism techniques employed by the government.
‘‘Disclosing information about the specific methods the government uses to collect communications can obviously give our enemies a ‘playbook’ of how to avoid detection,’’ he said in a statement.
Federal documents detailing the attacks at the U.S. Capitol show a mix of FBI techniques, from license plate readers to facial recognition, that helped identify rioters. Digital rights activists say the invasive technology can infringe on our privacy.
Government Employs Backdoor Searches ACSB standards- Social and Ethica.docxLeonardN9WWelchw
Government Employs Backdoor Searches ACSB standards: Social and Ethical Issues, Technology in Society he Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) conducts foreign covert operations, counterintelligence operations, and collects and analyzes foreign intelligence for the president and his staff to aid in national ecurity decisions. The National Security Agency (NSA) is responsible for global monitoring, collection, and processing of information for foreign intelligence and counterintelligence purposes. The Federal sureau of Investigation ( FBI ) conducts domestic counterintelligence and counterterrorism operations in addition to its role as the lead law enforcement agency in the country. hese three agencies have implemented sophisticated programs to capture, store, and analyze electronic communications. The Downstream program (formerly called PRISM) extracts data from the ervers of nine major American Intemet companies including AOL, Apple, Facebook, Google, Microsof, Paltalk, Skype, Yahoo, and YouTube to obtain direct access to audio, video, photographs, emails, ocuments, and connection logs for each of these systems. The Upstream program taps into the infrastructure of the Internet to capture the online communications of foreigners outside the United States ulile their communications are in transit. The leaders of the intelligence agencies argue that these programs are essential to fighting terrorism. The agencies can also provide a dozen or more examples of ow use of the data gathered by these programs has thwarted the efforts of terrorists around the world. he programs are authorized by Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act which authorizes surveillance of any foreigner overgeas, provided the purpose is to obtain "foreign intelligence " The Act loosely efines "foreign intelligence" to mean any information that "relates to" the conduct of foreign affairs. This broad definition mears that the target being survelled need not be a terrorist. The target needs only be thought to have information that is relevant to the government's foreign intelligence objective-whatever that may be. he process of gathering foreign electronic communications necessarily means the incidental capture of many conversations involving an American (who may be here in the United States) and a foreign arget. They may well be having a totally innocent communication with a foreign triend, relative, or business partner who is not suspected of any wrongdoing whatsoever. The total number of Americans' ommunications "incidentally" collected since the inception of Section 702 is well into the millions. fection 702 also allows the government to pool all the messages it intercepts into a giant database and then search the database, including conversations involving Americans - without a warrant. Varrantless survelliance of communications between Americans and foreigners is known as a "backdoor search because it effectively evades other provisions of United States law that require an ndiv.
US mining data from 9 leading internet firms and companies deny knowledgetrupassion
The National Security Agency and the FBI are tapping directly into the central servers of nine leading U.S. Internet companies, extracting audio and video chats, photographs, e-mails, documents, and connection logs that enable analysts to track one target or trace a whole network of associates, according to a top-secret document obtained by The Washington Post.
The program, code-named PRISM, has not been made public until now. It may be the first of its kind. The NSA prides itself on stealing secrets and breaking codes, and it is accustomed to corporate partnerships that help it divert data traffic or sidestep barriers. But there has never been a Google or Facebook before, and it is unlikely that there are richer troves of valuable intelligence than the ones in Silicon Valley.
Krempley 1
POL 300
Google/Multi-National Corporations, International Surveillance, and Human Rights
Abstract
The many news reports on cyber security, identity theft, Wikileaks, and NSA intelligence gathering programs over the past few years have shown the international community that the World Wide Web is anything but a safe place to store sensitive information, or any information for that matter. This study will examine how closely multi-national corporations in the information technology sector, such as Google, are involved with national governments on these issues. The study will analyze events in the U.S. and China and attempt to uncover whether or not these have directly infringed upon peoples’ basic human rights.
Question
With emerging information regarding the NSA's PRISM program and China's "Golden Shield Project", has either country directly infringed on peoples' basic human rights?
Hypothesis
As more information is uncovered regarding the true nature of the aims of these internationally implemented programs, it has become increasingly clear that there have been multiple violations of peoples' human rights in both the United States and China with their respective monitoring programs.
The NSA and the PRISM Project
"Since September 11th, 2001, the United States government has dramatically increased the ability of its intelligence agencies to collect and investigate information on both foreign subjects and US citizens. Some of these surveillance programs, including a secret program called PRISM, capture the private data of citizens who are not suspected of any connection to terrorism or any wrongdoing." (Sottek&Kopstein, 2013) Under the guise of a "war on terror", the United States government has consistently upped its efforts to gather as much information as possible regarding the activities of international and domestic citizens alike. Most U.S. citizens were wholly unaware that the government had been running a secret filtration program to determine threat levels of individual citizens both domestically and abroad. This PRISM project and its intentions have recently been leaked in the Edward Snowden fiasco that took the country and the media by storm.
"PRISM is a tool used by the US National Security Agency (NSA) to collect private electronic data belonging to users of major internet services like Gmail, Facebook, Outlook, and others. It’s the latest evolution of the US government’s post-9/11 electronic surveillance efforts, which began under President Bush with the Patriot Act, and expanded to include the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) enacted in 2006 and 2007." (Sottek&Kopstein, 2013) FISA, "...may be the most powerful court you have never heard of -- operating out of a bunker-like complex blocks from the Capitol and the White House -- sealed tightly to prevent eavesdropping.The FISA Court's larger mission is to decide whether to grant certain types of government requests-- wiretapping, data anal ...
Debating the USA PATRIOT ActDonna L. Point[1]Introduct.docxtheodorelove43763
Debating the USA PATRIOT Act
Donna L. Point[1]
Introduction
The nature of the problem for research purposes is to explore the pros and cons of the USA PATRIOT Act. The paper will endeavor to find documentation that answers such questions as: who benefits from the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act; who is harmed; what evidence exists that political rhetoric played a part in the passage of the USA PATRIOT Act; where are we now; have we gone too far?
Since its inception, the USA PATRIOT Act and indeed the “War on Terror” have been controversial. In less than six weeks, with no public debate and very little debate in the House or Senate, this legislation was set in motion. The document is over three hundred forty pages in length and affected over fifteen statutes. Most members of Congress voted for this bill without ever reading it. As our leaders rushed to respond to an enemy they did not understand well but nonetheless knew must be defeated, many concluded that the danger we faced was unlike any other in American history. They also ascertained that new approaches were needed to secure our nation, even if certain constitutional rights were curtailed in the process (Center for American Progress 2005). A Los Angeles Times poll taken on September 13 and 14, 2001, found that sixty-one percent of Americans believed that they would need to “give up some civil liberties” in order to confront terrorism (d’Estree and Busby 2001). President Bush announced on September 14, 2001, “Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists” (Stern 2004). This legislation, once enacted, included a laundry list of sought after law enforcement and investigatory tools perennially denied by Congress because they encroached on domestic issues of privacy (d’Estree and Busby 2001) (Weigel 2005). Many policy remedies that would have been unthinkable only days before the attacks suddenly seemed prudent. A focused examination of the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act and what they mean to law enforcement, to governmental agencies, and to the average citizen provide the insight necessary for critical examination of these issues.
The Provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act
The provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act have been hotly debated since its inception, both in Congress and the arena of public opinion. The key provisions will be identified along with their meanings to both governmental agencies and the average citizen. Section 203 (b) and (d) information sharing: allows information from criminal probes to be shared with intelligence agencies and other parts of the government. These provisions are at the heart of the effort to break down the barriers that used to separate criminal and intelligence investigations. The United States Justice Department has frequently blamed these barriers for the failure to find and detain September 11th hijackers prior to the attacks. CIA agents had information significantly prior to the attacks that some of the hijackers were in the Un.
THE ETHICAL DILEMMA OF THE USA GOVERNMENT WIRETAPPINGZac Darcy
USA Government wiretapping activities is a very controversial issue. Undoubtedly this technology can
assist law enforced authority to detect / identify unlawful or hostile activities; however, this task raises
severe privacy concerns. In this paper, we have discussed this complex information technology issue of
governmental wiretapping and how it effects both public and private liberties. Legislation has had a
major impact on the uses and the stigma of wiretapping for the war on terrorism. This paper also
analyzes the ethical and legal concerns inherent when discussing the benefits and concerns of
wiretapping. The analysis has concluded with the effects of wiretapping laws as they relate to future
government actions in their fight against terrorists.
Please answer this short question asap. Thanks in advance. 1.What .pdfagarshailenterprises
Please answer this short question asap. Thanks in advance.
1.What are attributes and rows as they relate to relations?
2.What is a schema?
3.What is the difference between a primary key and a candidate key?
4.What is a relation?
5.What relationship is enforced through referential integrity?
Also please summarize this - Write a paragraph about your feelings about the data the
American government keeps, noting areas where you are particularly worried and areas where
what the government does could be improved.
" [United States[edit]
Further information: National databases of United States persons and Identity documents in the
United States
National ID card: The United States does not have a national ID card, in the sense that there is no
federal agency with nationwide jurisdiction that directly issues such cards to all American
citizens for mandatory regular use.
Passport: The only national photo identity documents are the passport and passport card, which
are issued to U.S. nationals only upon voluntary application.
Social Security number: The vast majority of, but not all, Americans have a Social Security
number because it is required for many purposes including employment, federal child tax
deductions, and financial transactions. Social security numbers have become a de facto standard
for uniquely identifying people in government and private databases.[67] The Numerical
Identification System (Numident) is the Social Security Administration's computer database file
of an abstract of the information contained in an application for a Social Security number (Form
SS-5). It contains the name of the applicant, place and date of birth, and other information. The
Numident file contains all Social Security numbers since they first were issued in 1936.
Social Security Death Index: a database of death records created from the U.S. Social Security
Administration's Death Master File Extract. Most persons who have died since 1936 who had a
Social Security Number and whose death has been reported to the Social Security Administration
are listed in this index. The database includes given name and surname, and since the 1990s,
middle initial; date of birth; month and year of death, or full date of death for accounts active in
2000 or later; social security number, state or territory where the social security number was
issued; and zip code of the last place of residence while the person was alive.[69][70] The index
is frequently updated; the version of June 22, 2011 contained 89,835,920 records.
Driver's licenses: these are issued by state departments of motor vehicles and registries of motor
vehicles, and are the most common form of identification in the United States; the issuing
agencies maintain databases of drivers, including photographs and addresses. States also issue
voluntary identification cards to non-drivers, who are then also included in the motor vehicle
department or registry of motor vehicle databases. Although most American adults carry their.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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#First_India_NewsPaper
Obama administration defends massive phone record collection
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Obama administration defends massive phone
record collection
8:41pm EDT
By Mark Hosenball and John Whitesides
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The Obama administration on Thursday defended its collection of
the telephone records of millions of Americans as part of U.S. counterterrorism efforts, re-
igniting a fierce debate over privacy even as it called the program critical to warding off an
attack.
The admission came after Britain's Guardian newspaper published on Wednesday a secret
court order authorizing the collection of phone records generated by millions of Verizon
Communications customers.
Privacy advocates blasted the order as unconstitutional government surveillance and called
for a review of the program amid renewed concerns about intelligence-gathering efforts
launched after the September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States.
The revelation also put a spotlight on the handling of intelligence and privacy issues by President Barack Obama's administration, which
already is under fire for searching the telephone records of Associated Press journalists and the emails and phone records of a Fox News
Channel reporter as part of its inquiries into leaked government information.
"The United States should not be accumulating phone records on tens of millions of innocent Americans. That is not what democracy is about.
That is not what freedom is about," said Senator Bernie Sanders, an independent from Vermont.
The White House said strict controls were in place to ensure the program did not violate civil liberties, and emphasized that the collection of
data did not include listening to the calls.
"The intelligence community is conducting court-authorized intelligence activities pursuant to public statute with the knowledge and oversight of
Congress," White House spokesman Josh Earnest told reporters.
Republican Mike Rogers of Michigan, chairman of the House of Representatives Intelligence Committee, said the program did not abuse civil
liberties and told reporters it had been used to stop a "significant" terrorist attack within the United States, but did not give details.
"It's called protecting America," added Senator Dianne Feinstein, a California Democrat who heads the Senate Intelligence Committee.
Leading members of Congress said the program had been going on for seven years. The White House and U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder
said lawmakers were fully briefed.
A senior administration official, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the published court order pertained only to data such as a telephone
number or the length of a call, not the subscribers' identities or listening to the actual calls.
The order requires Verizon to turn over to the National Security Agency "metadata" such as a list of numbers that called other U.S. or
international numbers as well as other information on the time and location of calls. The NSA is the main U.S. intelligence-gathering agency
tasked with monitoring electronic communications.
"Information of the sort described in the Guardian article has been a critical tool in protecting the nation from terrorist threats to the United
States, as it allows counterterrorism personnel to discover whether known or suspected terrorists have been in contact with other persons who
may be engaged in terrorist activities, particularly people located inside the United States," the senior administration official said.
Verizon has declined to comment. It remains unclear whether the practice extends to other carriers, although several security experts and a
U.S. official said that was likely.
AT&T Inc declined to comment. Representatives for other major carriers, including Sprint Nextel Corp and T-Mobile, could not be immediately
reached or had no immediate comment.
BOSTON BOMBING
The three-month court order, dated April 25, directs Verizon's Business Network Services Inc and Verizon Business Services units to hand over
daily electronic data until July 19.
It was issued one week after U.S. law enforcement officials tracked down the two brothers accused of carrying out the deadly Boston Marathon
bombing. Investigators in that case had been looking into calls made from their phones and had been searching for one brother's laptop
computer.
A U.S. official, also speaking on condition of anonymity, said this particular surveillance order was not issued in reaction to the April 15