The document discusses the history and definitions of new media, which emerged with digital and computer technologies in the late 20th century. It describes how media have been transformed by technologies like the internet, personal computers, and digitalization. New media are argued to have both positive and negative potential effects. They may help create a more democratic public sphere but are also controlled by powerful corporations. While technology influences society, the relationship is complex with many social factors also influencing media development. New media provide tools for social movements and community building but also risk furthering inequality.
Hypermedia space in the Occupy movement: a sociological analysis Cortney Copeland
This document provides a sociological analysis of new media and its implications for established news media through a case study of the Occupy movement. It begins by describing how new media like Twitter played a key role in the Occupy movement and proposes a model to analyze the relationship between new and traditional media. The model views media as part of a larger social world and acknowledges that both technology and social forces shape how media are used. When applied to Occupy, the model shows how new and traditional media interacted in a "hypermedia space" to both document and spread information about the protests.
This document provides an introduction to new media technologies and how they are changing the relationship between media texts and audiences. It discusses several key aspects of new media, including:
- Web 2.0 and how it allows for user-generated content and a more democratic spirit on the internet.
- The concept of convergence, where technologies and media industries are combining platforms so content can be distributed across multiple channels.
- How audiences have become more active in consuming, sharing, and creating media online rather than just passive receivers of content from media companies.
- The democratic potential of new media where everyday people can now participate in journalism and media production through platforms like blogs and user-generated content sites.
This document provides guidance for writing an essay about media in the online age. It suggests introducing the topic and providing some historical context before incorporating two theoretical references. It recommends focusing the essay on two media forms, with case studies to analyze how they have changed. The document outlines discussing present developments in the bulk of the essay by cross-referencing other media and incorporating debate. It suggests speculating about future developments and mapping theories to possible futures. A number of relevant theorists are provided along with notes on incorporating their ideas and challenging whether they remain applicable.
This document discusses various perspectives on assessing the implications of new media technologies. It covers:
1) The need to understand both the history of old media and longstanding assumptions about technology to better analyze new media.
2) Different levels at which new media can be analyzed - from specific technologies to social practices and institutions.
3) How early predictions about new media were often overblown or underestimated actual impacts.
4) Frameworks for analyzing new media diffusion and how technologies are reshaped through social use.
The document discusses several media theories related to the rise of user-generated content and participatory culture on the internet. It covers theories by Tim O'Reilly on Web 2.0, Dan Gillmor on citizen journalism, Charles Leadbeater on open collaboration, and Henry Jenkins on convergence culture and collective intelligence. It also discusses issues of representation and diversity in participatory media raised by John McMuria and the economic implications of a long tail market described by Chris Anderson.
This document summarizes several key theories and perspectives related to old and new media:
- Old media was centralized and passive while new media is decentralized, participatory, and user-generated. Theories highlighted the shift from centralized "media gods" to an active audience co-creating media.
- McLuhan argued new media are "cool" and extend our senses in a participatory way while old media are "hot" and passive. The "medium is the message" and shapes our world.
- Jenkins noted new media enables convergence, participatory culture, and collective intelligence as users share and interact online.
- Manovich analyzed how new media follows database logic and automation, creating variability and personal
Networked journalism and the Arab Spring
1) Networked journalism refers to professionals and amateurs collaborating across traditional boundaries and platforms to report on events. It recognizes journalism as a process rather than just a product.
2) During the 2009 Iranian election protests, social media like Twitter played a key role in sharing information and organizing demonstrations when mainstream media faced censorship. However, social media also spread misinformation and exposed users to government monitoring.
3) The 2010-2011 Arab Spring uprisings saw social media and networked journalism help coordinate and spread information about protests in Tunisia and Egypt that ultimately led to the ousting of authoritarian leaders, despite some governments attempting to shut down internet access. While social media contributed to
Hypermedia space in the Occupy movement: a sociological analysis Cortney Copeland
This document provides a sociological analysis of new media and its implications for established news media through a case study of the Occupy movement. It begins by describing how new media like Twitter played a key role in the Occupy movement and proposes a model to analyze the relationship between new and traditional media. The model views media as part of a larger social world and acknowledges that both technology and social forces shape how media are used. When applied to Occupy, the model shows how new and traditional media interacted in a "hypermedia space" to both document and spread information about the protests.
This document provides an introduction to new media technologies and how they are changing the relationship between media texts and audiences. It discusses several key aspects of new media, including:
- Web 2.0 and how it allows for user-generated content and a more democratic spirit on the internet.
- The concept of convergence, where technologies and media industries are combining platforms so content can be distributed across multiple channels.
- How audiences have become more active in consuming, sharing, and creating media online rather than just passive receivers of content from media companies.
- The democratic potential of new media where everyday people can now participate in journalism and media production through platforms like blogs and user-generated content sites.
This document provides guidance for writing an essay about media in the online age. It suggests introducing the topic and providing some historical context before incorporating two theoretical references. It recommends focusing the essay on two media forms, with case studies to analyze how they have changed. The document outlines discussing present developments in the bulk of the essay by cross-referencing other media and incorporating debate. It suggests speculating about future developments and mapping theories to possible futures. A number of relevant theorists are provided along with notes on incorporating their ideas and challenging whether they remain applicable.
This document discusses various perspectives on assessing the implications of new media technologies. It covers:
1) The need to understand both the history of old media and longstanding assumptions about technology to better analyze new media.
2) Different levels at which new media can be analyzed - from specific technologies to social practices and institutions.
3) How early predictions about new media were often overblown or underestimated actual impacts.
4) Frameworks for analyzing new media diffusion and how technologies are reshaped through social use.
The document discusses several media theories related to the rise of user-generated content and participatory culture on the internet. It covers theories by Tim O'Reilly on Web 2.0, Dan Gillmor on citizen journalism, Charles Leadbeater on open collaboration, and Henry Jenkins on convergence culture and collective intelligence. It also discusses issues of representation and diversity in participatory media raised by John McMuria and the economic implications of a long tail market described by Chris Anderson.
This document summarizes several key theories and perspectives related to old and new media:
- Old media was centralized and passive while new media is decentralized, participatory, and user-generated. Theories highlighted the shift from centralized "media gods" to an active audience co-creating media.
- McLuhan argued new media are "cool" and extend our senses in a participatory way while old media are "hot" and passive. The "medium is the message" and shapes our world.
- Jenkins noted new media enables convergence, participatory culture, and collective intelligence as users share and interact online.
- Manovich analyzed how new media follows database logic and automation, creating variability and personal
Networked journalism and the Arab Spring
1) Networked journalism refers to professionals and amateurs collaborating across traditional boundaries and platforms to report on events. It recognizes journalism as a process rather than just a product.
2) During the 2009 Iranian election protests, social media like Twitter played a key role in sharing information and organizing demonstrations when mainstream media faced censorship. However, social media also spread misinformation and exposed users to government monitoring.
3) The 2010-2011 Arab Spring uprisings saw social media and networked journalism help coordinate and spread information about protests in Tunisia and Egypt that ultimately led to the ousting of authoritarian leaders, despite some governments attempting to shut down internet access. While social media contributed to
Varieties of capitalism, varieties of modernityMarcus Leaning
This document summarizes Dr. Marcus Leaning's analysis of Ulrich Beck's theory of secondary modernity and its relationship to varieties of capitalism. Beck argues that modernity has radicalized into a reflexive secondary modernity. However, critics argue that Beck presents a naive Eurocentric view and fails to account for non-Western experiences. Leaning proposes understanding modernity as having local configurations that are linked through global processes, representing varieties of modernity rather than being completely separate.
The document discusses the appropriation and reuse of images on the internet and how this has changed notions of authorship. It explores how mass collaboration through sites like Wikipedia, Facebook, and YouTube have blurred the lines between content creation and consumption, making users both players and spectators. The increasing speed and availability of information online has created new structures of production and consumption of media like cinema.
This document discusses the emergence of data journalism and its relationship to traditional journalism. It provides an overview of the history and evolution of data journalism, from its origins in database journalism in the 1950s to the recent growth in data-driven reporting aided by new tools and datasets. Experts argue that data journalism focusing on interrogating and analyzing information is the true essence of journalism. The document also examines debates around whether data journalism challenges traditional storytelling and the ethical implications of working with large datasets.
This document provides a summary of a dissertation on the Xbox One console. It discusses how the Xbox One was intended to be a completely converged platform that provides all home entertainment needs in one device. The dissertation aimed to evaluate if the Xbox One achieved this goal from both a technological and cultural perspective. It reviewed literature on the concept of media convergence and the changing ways that media content is produced and consumed. The summary provided an overview of the dissertation's objectives and methodology to determine the Xbox One's success in influencing mainstream media consumption.
The essay argues that Nancy Baym casts an unfair polarized judgment on technological determinism. While Baym discusses three dystopian views of losing control over technology, becoming dependent on it, and being unable to stop technological change, the essay claims these views discount how society can shape technology. The essay supports this claim by discussing the works of Harold Innis, who argued that time and space-biased media help create stable societies and can be used to challenge power structures. Additionally, the essay discusses Tim Wu's analysis of monopolies of knowledge and citizens' ability to topple such monopolies through innovation, as seen with Henry Tuttle's invention of the Hush-A-Phone challenging AT&T's monopoly. The essay concludes that
Network Society: A Presentation to the CMI Guernseyguernseywebdesign
The document provides an overview of a presentation on social media and the network society. The presentation covers several topics:
1. The history of networks from railroads in the 1800s to the development of the internet and social media.
2. A discussion on media convergence and Rupert Murdoch's influence over news production, distribution, and consumption.
3. How Barack Obama successfully used social media tools like Facebook and Twitter in his 2008 presidential campaign.
4. The role of social media in social changes in North Africa like the Arab Spring uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt.
5. Issues around who controls the internet and debate around western vs. Chinese influence online.
This document discusses the changing boundaries between public and private in the digital age. It explores the rise of practices like "lifecasting" where people broadcast details of their personal lives. Social media has made more information available about individuals, leaving their reputations and privacy open to new risks. The document questions how willing people are to share private information publicly and what the implications are of spending more time broadcasting one's life through new media.
Transformed media landscape - and how we can make best use of itcentrumcyfrowe
The document discusses how the media landscape has been transformed by the internet and new technologies. Key points include:
1. The internet has created a new form of mass-self communication that is interactive, horizontal and allows many-to-many communication in real-time.
2. Web 2.0 and social media have enabled a new form of civil society through ubiquitous communication and sharing of images, sounds and ideas.
3. Commons-based peer production has created a new economic model where large projects are completed through coordinated creative effort, often without traditional hierarchy or financial compensation.
1. Media has greatly impacted society through the widespread adoption of various communication devices. It has made people more connected both near and far through easy communication, transactions, education and interaction.
2. Technological innovations, such as the printing press, telephone, radio, television and internet, have transformed media and enabled new forms of social interaction. Each new technology builds on previous ones and further impacts lives.
3. Scholars debate the relationship between technology and society, with some arguing technology is neutral, some seeing its outcomes as inherently problematic, and others viewing technological outcomes as socially constructed through complex interactions of human and technical factors.
Mac301 Global Media and New Media 2009-10Rob Jewitt
Lecture slides used in the Level 3 MAC301 module. Starts by framing common attitudes to global media ownership by drawing on political economy (globalisation, Americanisation, McDomination, etc). Goes on to consider the emergence of disruptive media organisations threatening the established hegemony. Sets this against the background of creativity and creative uses of media forms in order to question how valid the certainties of globalisation are.
This document discusses the definitions and characteristics of social media, personal media, and mass media. It explores how digital culture has blurred the lines between these forms of media through participation, remediation, and bricolage. Users can now act as both producers and consumers of content through platforms that enable symmetrical communication and participation in content creation. This challenges traditional power structures and roles.
This paper intends to show a positive view on changes occurring in communities and social relationships in the age of the network society. With the emergence of new technologies, the meaning of “community” is changing from the traditional neighborhood community, to a group of people that are more tied together in terms of social networks, connected through various networks including computer networks. The hypothesis is that in such communities there are formations of weak ties that connect people with different social backgrounds or communities and thus bring in useful information and connections into one’s life. The effect of weak ties is also significant in process of innovations, which enables small contributions by a large number of people in order to complete a task or an event. Despite early criticism that network society would fragment social ties and families, this essay will explain the positive side of the changes.
Digital diplomacy - the internet and the battle for ideasnelliesk
This document discusses how digital diplomacy and social media have changed global information sharing and diplomatic efforts. It notes that new media platforms have exponentially grown in use, allowing individuals and groups to more easily organize and voice opinions. While this empowers non-state actors, it also provides benefits for diplomacy by enabling greater access to information and transparency. However, there are also risks like certain groups using social media to organize violence, so digital diplomacy must be practiced carefully.
The document discusses the challenges that news websites face with user comments. While initially seen as enhancing public debate, comments sections often become dominated by "trolls and spambots", undermining their value. Studies found that exposure to rude comments can negatively influence readers' views of the issues discussed. Websites struggle to balance open participation with moderating unacceptable content and behaviors. Anonymity may encourage uncivil discourse, but real identities do not guarantee improved discussions. Overall, comments present both opportunities and risks that require careful management to benefit rather than detract from online news.
This document summarizes a study examining people's experiential relationships with social media through qualitative accounts from 231 Facebook users. The study finds that relationships are characterized by ambivalence rather than utopian hopes or dystopian fears. Ambivalence stems from the desire for technology to meaningfully augment life while fearing it may replace real experiences. The document reviews utopian views that technology enhances life and dystopian views that it controls and isolates people, but argues experiential accounts show a more nuanced ambivalence.
This document discusses the concept of participatory media culture and how it has emerged with new technologies like social networks and user-generated content online. It explores how people are active participants in media through activities like sharing photos, videos, reviewing music, and interacting in online communities and games. Rather than being passive consumers, people are both consuming and producing media. This blurs the lines between audiences and media creators.
The document discusses the long tail theory of digital media. It explains that services like Amazon, Spotify, and Netflix can extend the life of products beyond their initial release through low volume sales over a long period. This allows niche and non-mainstream products to find an audience. Digital media also focuses on user interactions rather than just audience size. The document then provides brief overviews of several media theorists and their perspectives on changes in digital media.
This document discusses how social media has become an important part of daily life and enabled new opportunities for communication and connection. It examines social media through the lens of social network theory, looking at how platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest allow for the formation of social networks and relationships. The document argues that social media played a key role in political uprisings like the Arab Spring by allowing people to organize protests and share information. It also suggests that women may have a slight advantage in social media environments because of their natural skills in relationship building and community formation. Overall, the document frames social media as a powerful tool that has changed how people interact and mobilize while also providing new economic opportunities for entrepreneurs.
The document discusses Henry Jenkins' views on media convergence. Jenkins argues that no single medium will dominate and media will not be funnelled through one device. He describes five processes of convergence culture: technological, economic, social/organic, cultural, and global. Jenkins believes old media evolves into new forms rather than dying out and that convergence allows for more interactive and transmedia storytelling across cultural boundaries on a global scale.
This document discusses new media and its impact. It defines new media as related to the internet, technology, images and sound. New media has provided space for freedom of expression and opinion. It has also enabled information sharing in new ways. The document discusses how social media in particular has allowed for political participation and influence. New media can change social interactions and relationships at both individual and societal levels by allowing rapid information dissemination. Examples are provided of how new media has enabled political and social movements and activism. The conclusion discusses challenges of democratization through media and the need for governance and education around new media.
The document discusses a study that analyzed media coverage of the Egyptian uprising in 2011. It investigated the technological discourses used by traditional and new media. The study found that traditional media promoted the idea of a "Twitter revolution" to a greater extent than new media. It also identified two common approaches - a social idealist perspective and a technological rationalist perspective. The study used content analysis of newspapers and social media to analyze differences in framing between media types.
Varieties of capitalism, varieties of modernityMarcus Leaning
This document summarizes Dr. Marcus Leaning's analysis of Ulrich Beck's theory of secondary modernity and its relationship to varieties of capitalism. Beck argues that modernity has radicalized into a reflexive secondary modernity. However, critics argue that Beck presents a naive Eurocentric view and fails to account for non-Western experiences. Leaning proposes understanding modernity as having local configurations that are linked through global processes, representing varieties of modernity rather than being completely separate.
The document discusses the appropriation and reuse of images on the internet and how this has changed notions of authorship. It explores how mass collaboration through sites like Wikipedia, Facebook, and YouTube have blurred the lines between content creation and consumption, making users both players and spectators. The increasing speed and availability of information online has created new structures of production and consumption of media like cinema.
This document discusses the emergence of data journalism and its relationship to traditional journalism. It provides an overview of the history and evolution of data journalism, from its origins in database journalism in the 1950s to the recent growth in data-driven reporting aided by new tools and datasets. Experts argue that data journalism focusing on interrogating and analyzing information is the true essence of journalism. The document also examines debates around whether data journalism challenges traditional storytelling and the ethical implications of working with large datasets.
This document provides a summary of a dissertation on the Xbox One console. It discusses how the Xbox One was intended to be a completely converged platform that provides all home entertainment needs in one device. The dissertation aimed to evaluate if the Xbox One achieved this goal from both a technological and cultural perspective. It reviewed literature on the concept of media convergence and the changing ways that media content is produced and consumed. The summary provided an overview of the dissertation's objectives and methodology to determine the Xbox One's success in influencing mainstream media consumption.
The essay argues that Nancy Baym casts an unfair polarized judgment on technological determinism. While Baym discusses three dystopian views of losing control over technology, becoming dependent on it, and being unable to stop technological change, the essay claims these views discount how society can shape technology. The essay supports this claim by discussing the works of Harold Innis, who argued that time and space-biased media help create stable societies and can be used to challenge power structures. Additionally, the essay discusses Tim Wu's analysis of monopolies of knowledge and citizens' ability to topple such monopolies through innovation, as seen with Henry Tuttle's invention of the Hush-A-Phone challenging AT&T's monopoly. The essay concludes that
Network Society: A Presentation to the CMI Guernseyguernseywebdesign
The document provides an overview of a presentation on social media and the network society. The presentation covers several topics:
1. The history of networks from railroads in the 1800s to the development of the internet and social media.
2. A discussion on media convergence and Rupert Murdoch's influence over news production, distribution, and consumption.
3. How Barack Obama successfully used social media tools like Facebook and Twitter in his 2008 presidential campaign.
4. The role of social media in social changes in North Africa like the Arab Spring uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt.
5. Issues around who controls the internet and debate around western vs. Chinese influence online.
This document discusses the changing boundaries between public and private in the digital age. It explores the rise of practices like "lifecasting" where people broadcast details of their personal lives. Social media has made more information available about individuals, leaving their reputations and privacy open to new risks. The document questions how willing people are to share private information publicly and what the implications are of spending more time broadcasting one's life through new media.
Transformed media landscape - and how we can make best use of itcentrumcyfrowe
The document discusses how the media landscape has been transformed by the internet and new technologies. Key points include:
1. The internet has created a new form of mass-self communication that is interactive, horizontal and allows many-to-many communication in real-time.
2. Web 2.0 and social media have enabled a new form of civil society through ubiquitous communication and sharing of images, sounds and ideas.
3. Commons-based peer production has created a new economic model where large projects are completed through coordinated creative effort, often without traditional hierarchy or financial compensation.
1. Media has greatly impacted society through the widespread adoption of various communication devices. It has made people more connected both near and far through easy communication, transactions, education and interaction.
2. Technological innovations, such as the printing press, telephone, radio, television and internet, have transformed media and enabled new forms of social interaction. Each new technology builds on previous ones and further impacts lives.
3. Scholars debate the relationship between technology and society, with some arguing technology is neutral, some seeing its outcomes as inherently problematic, and others viewing technological outcomes as socially constructed through complex interactions of human and technical factors.
Mac301 Global Media and New Media 2009-10Rob Jewitt
Lecture slides used in the Level 3 MAC301 module. Starts by framing common attitudes to global media ownership by drawing on political economy (globalisation, Americanisation, McDomination, etc). Goes on to consider the emergence of disruptive media organisations threatening the established hegemony. Sets this against the background of creativity and creative uses of media forms in order to question how valid the certainties of globalisation are.
This document discusses the definitions and characteristics of social media, personal media, and mass media. It explores how digital culture has blurred the lines between these forms of media through participation, remediation, and bricolage. Users can now act as both producers and consumers of content through platforms that enable symmetrical communication and participation in content creation. This challenges traditional power structures and roles.
This paper intends to show a positive view on changes occurring in communities and social relationships in the age of the network society. With the emergence of new technologies, the meaning of “community” is changing from the traditional neighborhood community, to a group of people that are more tied together in terms of social networks, connected through various networks including computer networks. The hypothesis is that in such communities there are formations of weak ties that connect people with different social backgrounds or communities and thus bring in useful information and connections into one’s life. The effect of weak ties is also significant in process of innovations, which enables small contributions by a large number of people in order to complete a task or an event. Despite early criticism that network society would fragment social ties and families, this essay will explain the positive side of the changes.
Digital diplomacy - the internet and the battle for ideasnelliesk
This document discusses how digital diplomacy and social media have changed global information sharing and diplomatic efforts. It notes that new media platforms have exponentially grown in use, allowing individuals and groups to more easily organize and voice opinions. While this empowers non-state actors, it also provides benefits for diplomacy by enabling greater access to information and transparency. However, there are also risks like certain groups using social media to organize violence, so digital diplomacy must be practiced carefully.
The document discusses the challenges that news websites face with user comments. While initially seen as enhancing public debate, comments sections often become dominated by "trolls and spambots", undermining their value. Studies found that exposure to rude comments can negatively influence readers' views of the issues discussed. Websites struggle to balance open participation with moderating unacceptable content and behaviors. Anonymity may encourage uncivil discourse, but real identities do not guarantee improved discussions. Overall, comments present both opportunities and risks that require careful management to benefit rather than detract from online news.
This document summarizes a study examining people's experiential relationships with social media through qualitative accounts from 231 Facebook users. The study finds that relationships are characterized by ambivalence rather than utopian hopes or dystopian fears. Ambivalence stems from the desire for technology to meaningfully augment life while fearing it may replace real experiences. The document reviews utopian views that technology enhances life and dystopian views that it controls and isolates people, but argues experiential accounts show a more nuanced ambivalence.
This document discusses the concept of participatory media culture and how it has emerged with new technologies like social networks and user-generated content online. It explores how people are active participants in media through activities like sharing photos, videos, reviewing music, and interacting in online communities and games. Rather than being passive consumers, people are both consuming and producing media. This blurs the lines between audiences and media creators.
The document discusses the long tail theory of digital media. It explains that services like Amazon, Spotify, and Netflix can extend the life of products beyond their initial release through low volume sales over a long period. This allows niche and non-mainstream products to find an audience. Digital media also focuses on user interactions rather than just audience size. The document then provides brief overviews of several media theorists and their perspectives on changes in digital media.
This document discusses how social media has become an important part of daily life and enabled new opportunities for communication and connection. It examines social media through the lens of social network theory, looking at how platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest allow for the formation of social networks and relationships. The document argues that social media played a key role in political uprisings like the Arab Spring by allowing people to organize protests and share information. It also suggests that women may have a slight advantage in social media environments because of their natural skills in relationship building and community formation. Overall, the document frames social media as a powerful tool that has changed how people interact and mobilize while also providing new economic opportunities for entrepreneurs.
The document discusses Henry Jenkins' views on media convergence. Jenkins argues that no single medium will dominate and media will not be funnelled through one device. He describes five processes of convergence culture: technological, economic, social/organic, cultural, and global. Jenkins believes old media evolves into new forms rather than dying out and that convergence allows for more interactive and transmedia storytelling across cultural boundaries on a global scale.
This document discusses new media and its impact. It defines new media as related to the internet, technology, images and sound. New media has provided space for freedom of expression and opinion. It has also enabled information sharing in new ways. The document discusses how social media in particular has allowed for political participation and influence. New media can change social interactions and relationships at both individual and societal levels by allowing rapid information dissemination. Examples are provided of how new media has enabled political and social movements and activism. The conclusion discusses challenges of democratization through media and the need for governance and education around new media.
The document discusses a study that analyzed media coverage of the Egyptian uprising in 2011. It investigated the technological discourses used by traditional and new media. The study found that traditional media promoted the idea of a "Twitter revolution" to a greater extent than new media. It also identified two common approaches - a social idealist perspective and a technological rationalist perspective. The study used content analysis of newspapers and social media to analyze differences in framing between media types.
Digital and Social Media The Root of Our ExistenceAs the list.docxlynettearnold46882
Digital and Social Media: The Root of Our Existence
As the list of mediated technology continues to grow, some argue that the traditional definitions of mass media and mass communication are no longer relevant in our society. Where does digital and social media fit into the scheme of things? Before we engulf ourselves in answering that question, let’s consider the state of media and mass communication today.
New Media, New Considerations
New considerations of what mass media are and what mass communication entails began to take shape during that later half of the 20th century. As early as the late 1960s with the development of computers, government and businesses were reaping the benefits of communicating to large amounts of people using technology and these new ways of were gaining a lot of attention. During the 1970s, computers were introduced to the individual for their own personal use and thus the revolution into new media began (Computer History Museum, n.d.). New media are those systems that have two characteristics in common--digital and interactive. While legacy media provided one-to-many communication with little to no feedback, new media are delivered in a digital format allowing the audience member to respond, often times immediately to the mediated message. These new media systems include, but are not limited to computers, the Internet, CD and DVD technology, and interactive video games. Portable and handheld media such as cell phones, smart phones, and netbooks have joined the ranks of new media providing the ability to deliver a variety of mediated messages on the go.
New media provide us with the capability of interacting with media and with others in real time over large network systems. These systems have allowed us to advance personally and professionally and have even paved the way for some major accomplishments in our society. However, their introduction has left us with the seemingly impossible task of redefining mass communication. The traditional definition of mass communication introduced in chapter one does not adequately describe our media environment today. That definition focused on one-to-many communication with the possibility of limited feedback. The audience was, in essence passive. With today’s media systems the audience has, and takes advantage of, the opportunity to be active an active participant in the mass mediated process.
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Given these factors some have presented new ways of looking at mass communications. Vivian (2009) describes it as a, “technology-assisted process by which messages are sent to large, faraway audiences”. This definition removes the restriction of a complex organization being the sender of the message. Biagi (2010) offers a similar definition of the concept describing mass communication as, “communication from one person or group of persons through a transmitting device (a medium) to large audiences or markets”. Still others have decided to abandon th.
This document discusses the concept of "new media" and analyzes what makes media technologies new. It addresses several key topics:
1) It examines different understandings of what makes something new, as newness is not simply about arriving later in time. It involves theories of history and progress.
2) It notes that new media both break with the past but also recall older practices, as there is continuity alongside change.
3) It explores how new media are often positioned in contrast to "old media" through implicit critiques, but the boundaries are blurred.
4) It analyzes the "technological imaginary" where new technologies are invested with hopes and expectations for transformation, raising debates around whether
New media refers to mass communication technologies that emerged in recent decades, including the internet, websites, and digital/interactive media. It allows for two-way communication and user participation. While some see new media as empowering citizens and democratizing information, others argue it remains consolidated among large media companies and does not replace traditional media. New media also raises questions about privacy, information quality, and how technology shapes human communication and society.
1 Paper Presented Fer Cenmep Conferece Politician Online Analyses Of Estoia...Pedro Craggett
This paper examines how Estonian political candidates used their websites during the 2009 European Parliament election campaign. The study analyzes the effectiveness of candidates' website presentations and their use of multimedia, interactivity, and personalization. The analyses found that while candidates had blogs and social media profiles, they mostly used these for marketing rather than deliberative politics or civic engagement. Candidates provided little personal input or interactivity on their websites. In general, Estonian political websites did not offer many opportunities for public participation in debates or discussions.
This document summarizes different perspectives on the relationship between new media technologies and society. It discusses theorists like McLuhan who argued that media determine society, Kittler who believed technology shapes situations, and Stiegler who viewed humanity and technology as co-originary. It also outlines Castells' perspective that technology and society influence each other, with networks replacing individuals and communities in modern times.
Social media is increasingly being used as a political voice around the world. It allows more freedom of expression and makes it easier for like-minded individuals to organize collectively. Studies show that social media users, especially younger ones, frequently engage in civic activities like commenting on issues, following candidates, and joining political groups online. While social media gives more people a platform to voice opinions, some argue it mainly benefits those already influential online and there are doubts about how accurately it represents those without internet access. Overall, social media seems to be enhancing political participation for many, though governments can also attempt to monitor or control online political networks.
The document discusses the distinctive characteristics of new media which include digitality, convergency, interactivity, hypertextuality, and virtuality. New media dematerializes content into digital form, allows for convergence of different media types, and enables interactivity and the creation of virtual experiences. These features of new media have pushed trends of multiculturalism and diversity in a globalized world where boundaries are increasingly blurred.
Social media enlarging the space for user generatedAlexander Decker
This document discusses social media and user-generated community journalism. It begins by introducing social media and how they have competed with traditional media by allowing for interactivity and user-generated content. It then discusses how social media have redefined news criteria and enhanced democratization of communication by giving more people a voice. Finally, it explains how social media have enlarged the space for user-generated community journalism by allowing people to directly report on and share information about their communities.
Social media enlarging the space for user generatedAlexander Decker
This document discusses how social media have enlarged the space for user-generated community journalism. It begins with an introduction that outlines how social media like Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter have become popular platforms that fulfill informational and interpersonal goals in ways that traditional media cannot. It then discusses how social media have redefined what is considered newsworthy by allowing any person or event to be considered newsworthy based on individual interests rather than prominence or status. Social media have also enhanced democratization of communication by allowing all users to actively participate in information production and sharing equally. The document argues that for traditional media to remain relevant, they need to incorporate social media content and perspectives to better reflect community interests.
Media technology and the transformation of the public sphere: a media / socia...Marcus Leaning
Academic conference paper that looks at how technology has been understood to bring about a rebirth of the public sphere and the problems of such an approach. Paper offers a case study of an anonymous NGO who adopt a more grass-roots approach to civic regeneration that uses media technology. Recommendations for future work are approaches should be holistic, recognizing the need to take on all stages of technology dissemination and not just the cheap technological bits and that approaches should be socially led.
The document discusses how the Internet has impacted citizens' relationship to the public sphere. While some argue the Internet could provide new democratic possibilities by circumventing traditional media, others are more pessimistic. The Internet reflects existing social inequalities like the "digital divide" between those who do and do not have access. Additionally, concepts like democracy and public sphere may not apply to the postmodern nature of online interactions. Recent studies also suggest the Internet has a limited role in promoting citizenship. In conclusion, the Internet has not significantly changed how citizens relate to the public sphere despite new communication abilities.
Two thousand communications satellites circle the globe providing instant worldwide telephone, audio, video, and internet access. Several government agencies are working to regulate this telecommunications revolution as multinational corporations increasingly replace state ownership. New technologies are introducing changes in how media is structured, used, and conceptualized for the 21st century as mass communication theory gives way to media theory.
Participation, Remediation And Bricolage1Marta Conejo
Deuze analyzes digital culture as emerging values and practices influenced by computerization and an increasingly individualized global society. He identifies three principal components of digital culture: participation through open publishing and collaborative production; remediation as both distantiation from mainstream media and as a social act; and bricolage as reselecting and rearranging online elements to create culture through social systems. Deuze sees cultures existing alongside each other with overlapping values that have different meanings across media, and that there is no single digital culture as it is constantly evolving through human participation.
This article examines the role of new media in the Arab Spring uprisings. It argues that while new media like Facebook and Twitter played a critical role in mobilizing protests by spreading information, other factors were also important. Conventional media like Al Jazeera also helped spread protest news more widely. Ultimately, revolutionary conditions within countries due to issues like poverty and repression were the most important underlying factors driving social uprisings, and new media provided an important but not sufficient tool for organization. The role of new media was contingent on real-world street movements and protests.
Power and Participation in Digital Late Modernity: Towards a Network LogicJakob Svensson
This document discusses how digital technologies and new media are shaping political participation through the emergence of a "network logic". It argues that users are increasingly disciplined by digital media to be constantly updated and responsive on social networks in order to maintain their online identities and connections. As a result, political participation is becoming more expressive and focused on negotiating individual identities through online networks and links to others, rather than substantive policy debates. The network logic emphasizes reflexivity, connectivity, and identity performance over traditional forms of participation.
Social Media Role in politics ziad jaserZiad Jaser
This document analyzes the role of social media in politics. It discusses how social media has become an essential tool for political mobilization, campaigning, and propaganda. Social media helps activists organize protests, politicians campaign for office, and groups spread their messages. While not single-handedly causing political change, social media provides new opportunities for participation and has influenced many political events and outcomes in recent years.
Pasívne fajčenie je vystavenie sa dymu z cigariet iných ľudí. Tento dym obsahuje viac ako 7000 chemických látok, z ktorých mnohé sú karcinogénne. Vystavenie sa pasívnemu fajčeniu zvyšuje riziko vzniku rakoviny pľúc a srdcovo-cievnych ochorení.
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu BiographyVoterMood
Pema Khandu, born on August 21, 1979, is an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, Dorjee Khandu. Pema Khandu assumed office as the Chief Minister in July 2016, making him one of the youngest Chief Ministers in India at that time.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
1. Nové médiá Pojem nové média prichádza s objavovaním digitálnych, počítačových, sieťových informačných a komunikačných technológií koncom 20teho storočia. Väčšina technológií popisovaná ako „nové médiá“ sú digitálne alebo digitalizované s charakterom manipulovateľnosti cez siete. História Do 1980tych rokov média spoliehali najmä na tlač a analógové vysielanie, ako televízia a rádio. Za posledných 30 rokov sa média transformovali s použitím osobných počítačov a nových digitálnych technológií ako internet a počítačové hry. Akokoľvek, tieto príklady sú len malá kvapka v mori nových médií. Používanie počítačov transformovalo ostávajúce „staré“ médiá, a pripravilo nástup digitálnej televízie a elektronickým publikácií. Dokonca tradičné formy médií ako tlačené noviny sa zmenili vplyvom aplikácií technológií a využíva sa upravovanie fotiek a obrázkov v grafických softvéroch a programoch pre desktop publikáciu. Andrew L. Shapiro (1999) argumentoval, že: „Príchod nových digitálnych technológií signalizuje teoreticky radikálnu zmenu kto má v rukách a kontroluje informácie, skúsenosti a prostriedky.“ (Shapiro cited in Croteau and Hoynes 2003: 322). W. Russell Neuman (1991) predpokladá, kým „nové médiá“ majú technické možnosti ťahať na jednu stranu, ekonomika a sociálne úkazy budú ťahať opačným smerom. Podľa Neumana sme účastníkmi evolúcie univerzálne prepojenej siete audia, videa a elektronického textu, ktorý znejasní rozdiel medzi interpersonálnou a masovou komunikáciu a medzi privátnou a verejnou komunikáciou.(Neuman cited in Croteau and Hoynes 2003: 322). Viacerý pionieri nových médií tvrdili, že: Zmení sa ponímanie vzdialenosti (Marshall McLuhan – koncept globálnej dediny) Výrazne sa zvýši množstvo prenášaných údajov a informácií Zvýši sa rýchlosť komunikácie (množstvo a čas) Príležitosť pre interaktívnu komunikáciu. Umožní formám komunikácie, ktoré boli predným oddelene navzájom sa prepojiť. Consequently it has been the contention of scholars such as Douglas Kellner and James Bohman that new media, and particularly the Internet, provides the potential for a democratic postmodern public sphere, in which citizens can participate in well informed, non-hierarchical debate pertaining to their social structures. Contradicting these positive appraisals of the potential social impacts of new media are scholars such as Ed Herman and Robert McChesney who have suggested that the transition to new media has seen a handful of powerful transnational telecommunications corporations who achieve a level of global influence which was hitherto unimaginable. Recent contributions to the field such as Lister et al. (2003) and Friedman (2005) have highlighted both the positive and negative potential and actual implications of new media technologies, suggesting that some of the early work into new media studies was guilty of technological determinism – whereby the effects of media were determined by the technology themselves, rather than through tracing the complex social networks which governed the development, funding, implementation and future development of any technology. Globalization and new media Flew (2002) stated that as a result of the evolution of new media technologies, globalisation occurs. Globalisation is generally stated as
more than expansion of activities beyond the boundaries of particular nation states
.[2] Globalisation shortens the distance between people all over the world by the electronic communication (Carely 1992 in Flew 2002) and Cairncross (1998) expresses this great development as the
death of distance
. New media
radically break the connection between physical place and social place, making physical location much less significant for our social relationships
(Croteau and Hoynes 2003: 311). However, the changes in the new media environment create a series of tensions in the concept of “public sphere”. According to Ingrid Volkmer, “public sphere” is defined as a process through which public communication becomes restructured and partly disembedded from national political and cultural institutions. This trend of the globalized public sphere is not only as a geographical expansion form a nation to worldwide, but also changes the relationship between the public, the media and state (Volkmer, 1999:123).[3]
Virtual communities
are being established online and transcend geographical boundaries, eliminating social restrictions. Howard Rheingold (2000) describes these globalised societies as self-defined networks, which resemble what we do in real life.
People in virtual communities use words on screens to exchange pleasantries and argue, engage in intellectual discourse, conduct commerce, make plans, brainstorm, gossip, feud, fall in love, create a little high art and a lot of idle talk
(Rheingold cited in Slevin 2000: 91). For Sherry Turkle
making the computer into a second self, finding a soul in the machine, can substitute for human relationships
(Holmes 2005: 184). New media has the ability to connect like-minded others worldwide. While this perspective suggests that the technology drives – and therefore is a determining factor – in the process of globalisation, arguments involving technological determinism are generally frowned upon by mainstream media studies. [4][5][6] Instead academics focus on the multiplicity of processes by which technology is funded, researched and produced, forming a feedback loop when the technologies are used and often transformed by their users, which then feeds into the process of guiding their future development. While commentators such as Castells [7] espouse a 'soft determinism'[8] whereby they contend that 'Technology does not determine society. Nor does society script the course of technological change, since many factors, including individual inventiveness and entrpreneurialism, intervene in the process of scientific discovery, technical innovation and social applications, so the final outcome depends on a complex pattern of interaction. Indeed the dilemma of technological determinism is probably a false problem, since technology is society and society cannot be understood without its technological tools.' (Castells 1996:5) This however is still distinct from stating that societal changes are instigated by technological develoment, which recalls the theses ofMarshall McLuhan [9][10] Manovich [11] and Castells [12] have argued that whereas mass media 'corresponded to the logic of industrial mass society, which values conformity over individuality,' (Manovich 2001:41) new media follows the logic of the postindustrial or globalised society whereby 'every citizen can construct her own custom lifestyle and select her ideology from a large number of choices. Rather than pushing the same objects to a mass audience, marketing now tries to target each individual separately.' (Manovich 2001:42). New media as a tool for social change Social Movement Media has a rich and storied history that has changed at a rapid rate since New Media became widely used.[13] The Zapatista Army of National Liberation of Chiapas, Mexico were the first major movement to make widely recognized and effective use of New Media for communiques and organizing in 1994.[14] Since then, New Media has been used extensively by social movements to educate, organize, share cultural products of movements, communicate, coalition build, and more. The WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999 protest activity was another landmark in the use of New Media as a tool for social change. The WTO protests used media to organize the original action, communicate with and educate participants, and was used an alternative media source.[15] The Indymedia movement also developed out of this action, and has been a great tool in the democratization of information, which is another widely discussed aspect of new media movement.[16] Some scholars even view this democratization as an indication of the creation of a
radical, socio-technical paradigm to challenge the dominant, neoliberal and technologically determinist model of information and communication technologies.
[17] A less radical view along these same lines is that people are taking advantage of the internet to produce a grassroots globalization, one that is anti-neoliberal and centered on people rather than the flow of capital.[18] Of course, some are also skeptical of the role of New Media in Social Movements. Many scholars point out unequal access to new media as a hindrance to broad-based movements, sometimes even oppressing some within a movement.[19] Others are skeptical about how democratic or useful it really is for social movements, even for those with access.[20] There are also many New Media components that activists cite as tools for change that have not been widely discussed as such by academics. New Media has also found a use with less radical social movements such as the Free Hugs Campaign. Using websites, blogs, and online videos to demonstrate the effectiveness of the movement itself. Along with this example the use of high volume blogs has allowed numerous views and practices to be more widespread and gain more public attention. Another example is the on-going Free Tibet Campaign, which has been seen on numerous websites as well as having a slight tie-in with the band Gorillaz in their Gorillaz Bitez clip featuring the lead singer2D sitting with protesters at a Free Tibet protest. Another social change seen coming from New Media is trends in fashion and the emergence of subcultures such as Text Speak, Cyberpunk, and various others. Interactivity and new media Interactivity has become a key term for number of new media use options evolving from the rapid dissemination of Internet access point, the digitalization of the media, and media convergence. In 1984, Rice defined the new media as communication technologies that enable or facilitate user-to-user interactivity and interactivity between user and information. [21] Such as Internet replaces the
one-to-many
model of traditional mass communication with the possibility of a
many-to-many
web of communication. Any individual with the appropriate technology can now produce his or her online media and include images, text, and sound about whatever he or she chooses. [22] So the new media with technology convergence shifts the model of mass communication, and radically shapes the ways we interact and communicate with one another. Vin Crosbie described three communications media in “What is new media?”. He saw Interpersonal media as “one to one”, Mass media as “one to many” and, finally New Media as Individuation Media or “many to many”. When we think of interactivity and its meaning, we assume that it is only prominent in the conversational dynamics of individuals who are face-to-face. This restriction of opinion does not allow us to see its existence in mediated communication forums. Interactivity is present in some programming work, such as video games. It's also viable in the operation of traditional media. Other settings of interactivity include radio and television talk shows, letters to the editor, listener participation in such programs, and computer and technological programming. [23] Interactivity can be considered as a central concept in understanding new media, but different media forms possess different degree of interactivity [24], even some forms of digitized and converged media are not in fact interactive at all. Tony Feldman [25] considers digital satellite television as an example of a new media technology that uses digital compression to dramatically increase the number of television channels that can be delivered, and which changes the nature of what can be offered through the service, but does not transform the experience of television from the user’s point of view, as it lacks a more fully interactive dimension. It remains the case that interactivity is not an inherent characteristic of all new media technologies, unlike digitization and convergence. Terry Flew (2005) argues that
the global interactive games industry is large and growing, and is at the forefront of many of the most significant innovations in new media
(Flew 2005: 101). Interactivity is prominent in these online computer games such as World of Warcraft and The Sims Online. These games, developments of
new media
, allow for users to establish relationships and experience a sense of belonging, despite temporal and spatial boundaries. These games can be used as an escape or to act out a desired life. Will Wright, creator of The Sims,
is fascinated by the way gamers have become so attached to his invention-with some even living their lives through it
[26]. New media have created virtual realities that are becoming mere extensions of the world we live in. New Media changes continuously due to the fact that it is constantly modified and redefined by the interaction between the creative use of the masses, emerging technology, cultural changes, etc.