This document discusses key concepts in morphology including:
1. Morphology is the study of word structure and formation from morphemes. Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning.
2. There are two types of morphemes - free morphemes which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes which must be attached to other morphemes.
3. Words are formed through processes like derivation using affixes, compounding, reduplication, blending, clipping, and other methods.
4. Morphology interacts with phonology through morphophonemic rules which determine pronunciation of affixes.
Pronouns are words that replace nouns to avoid repetition. They help improve the flow of speaking and writing. Common pronouns include I, you, he, she, it, we, they, her, him, me, us, and them. Pronouns replace nouns, as shown in the example where "the girl" is replaced by "she" and "the kite" is replaced by "it".
The document discusses how words are organized in dictionaries, noting that words are listed alphabetically by letter, with the number of pages for each letter indicated. It also describes key features of dictionary entries like words being in bold and having meanings written next to them in columns. Students are asked to look through dictionary pages to observe these organizing principles and features for themselves.
The document discusses the eight parts of speech in English grammar. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. The eight parts are noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. For each part of speech, it briefly explains what it is, sometimes lists types, and gives one or two illustrative examples.
The document discusses different types of nouns including countable nouns, uncountable nouns, plural forms of nouns, and irregular plural nouns from Latin and Greek origins. It provides examples of how to make nouns plural by adding "-s" or following special rules for words ending in certain letters like "-ch", "-x", "-s", "-ss". It also notes irregular plural forms from Latin and Greek like "criteria" and "phenomena" and includes charts listing noun pluralization patterns from different languages. Finally, it defines countable and uncountable nouns, noting that countable nouns can be pluralized while uncountable nouns refer to uncountable concepts.
This document provides an overview of English morphology. It defines morphology as the study of word structure and formation. Key concepts discussed include:
- Morphemes as the minimal units of meaning that make up words. Morphemes can be free or bound.
- Types of bound morphemes including derivational and inflectional affixes.
- Morphs as the phonetic realization of morphemes. Allomorphs are variant forms of morphemes that do not change meaning.
- Examples are provided to illustrate different types of morphemes, morphs, and allomorphs in English words.
Derivation is the formation of new words through the addition of affixes. English uses derivational affixes to change the grammatical category of words, such as from verb to noun. There are two types of derivational affixes: class 1 affixes typically change the phonology of the base word, while class 2 affixes are phonologically neutral. Complex derivation can change the grammatical category through multiple affixations. However, derivation is constrained and not all affixes can be added to all bases.
This document discusses key concepts in morphology including:
1. Morphology is the study of word structure and formation from morphemes. Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning.
2. There are two types of morphemes - free morphemes which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes which must be attached to other morphemes.
3. Words are formed through processes like derivation using affixes, compounding, reduplication, blending, clipping, and other methods.
4. Morphology interacts with phonology through morphophonemic rules which determine pronunciation of affixes.
Pronouns are words that replace nouns to avoid repetition. They help improve the flow of speaking and writing. Common pronouns include I, you, he, she, it, we, they, her, him, me, us, and them. Pronouns replace nouns, as shown in the example where "the girl" is replaced by "she" and "the kite" is replaced by "it".
The document discusses how words are organized in dictionaries, noting that words are listed alphabetically by letter, with the number of pages for each letter indicated. It also describes key features of dictionary entries like words being in bold and having meanings written next to them in columns. Students are asked to look through dictionary pages to observe these organizing principles and features for themselves.
The document discusses the eight parts of speech in English grammar. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. The eight parts are noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. For each part of speech, it briefly explains what it is, sometimes lists types, and gives one or two illustrative examples.
The document discusses different types of nouns including countable nouns, uncountable nouns, plural forms of nouns, and irregular plural nouns from Latin and Greek origins. It provides examples of how to make nouns plural by adding "-s" or following special rules for words ending in certain letters like "-ch", "-x", "-s", "-ss". It also notes irregular plural forms from Latin and Greek like "criteria" and "phenomena" and includes charts listing noun pluralization patterns from different languages. Finally, it defines countable and uncountable nouns, noting that countable nouns can be pluralized while uncountable nouns refer to uncountable concepts.
This document provides an overview of English morphology. It defines morphology as the study of word structure and formation. Key concepts discussed include:
- Morphemes as the minimal units of meaning that make up words. Morphemes can be free or bound.
- Types of bound morphemes including derivational and inflectional affixes.
- Morphs as the phonetic realization of morphemes. Allomorphs are variant forms of morphemes that do not change meaning.
- Examples are provided to illustrate different types of morphemes, morphs, and allomorphs in English words.
Derivation is the formation of new words through the addition of affixes. English uses derivational affixes to change the grammatical category of words, such as from verb to noun. There are two types of derivational affixes: class 1 affixes typically change the phonology of the base word, while class 2 affixes are phonologically neutral. Complex derivation can change the grammatical category through multiple affixations. However, derivation is constrained and not all affixes can be added to all bases.
Predicator, predicate, the degree of predicateWardhani Qusuma
The document discusses predicates and predicators in sentences. It provides examples of sentences and identifies the predicator and predicate in each. The key points are:
- The predicator is the simple word that makes the most specific contribution to the meaning of the sentence.
- The predicate includes the predicator and any other words that can function as the predicator in another sentence.
- Sentences can have one-degree, two-degree, or more degree predicates depending on the number of referring expressions or arguments in the sentence.
This document discusses various processes of word formation in linguistics, including compounding, affixation, blending, derivation, borrowing, clipping, imitation of sounds, and the first-sister principle. It provides examples for each type of word formation and briefly defines key terms such as compound adjectives, compound nouns, compound verbs, derivation, etymology, and similative constructions. The document examines both the synchronic and diachronic study of language and contrasts derivation with inflection.
Learn about subject and predicate
Read the various sentences
Know the definition of subject and predicate
understand and solve questions based on subject and predicate topic
Derivational and inflectional morpheme in korean languageWina Viqa
This document discusses morphology and morphemes in language. It defines morphology as the study of word structure and formation, including inflection, derivation, and compounding. Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of a language. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes, which must be attached to other morphemes. The document then gives examples of derivational morphemes in Korean that change word categories, such as adding "-하다" to form verbs from nouns. It also lists some examples of inflectional morphemes in Korean that indicate grammatical information like tense, honorifics, and grammatical particles.
The document defines and provides examples of different types of verbs:
1) Regular and irregular verbs, with regular verbs forming the past tense by adding "-ed" and irregular verbs having unpredictable past forms.
2) Transitive and intransitive verbs, with transitive verbs taking an object and intransitive verbs not.
3) Action, linking, and helping verbs - with action verbs showing actions, linking verbs connecting subjects to nouns or adjectives, and helping verbs assisting the main verb.
4) Verb phrases are formed when a helping verb is joined with an action or linking verb.
This document discusses syllables and syllable stress in words. It defines a syllable as the sound of a vowel created when pronouncing letters like A, E, I, O, U. The number of syllables in a word is equal to the number of vowel sounds. Words can be mono-syllabic, having one syllable, or poly-syllabic, having multiple syllables. All multi-syllable words have one syllable that is stressed, making it longer, higher in pitch, and louder. The rules for determining stressed syllables in words of different types are explained. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying word stress correctly.
This document discusses English grammar and its traditional rules. It covers parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives. It also discusses agreement between parts of a sentence in number, person, tense and gender. Traditional grammar was prescriptive and based rules like not ending sentences with prepositions. Descriptive grammar describes how language is actually used. Structural and constituent analysis are used to investigate sentence structure and how constituents are organized hierarchically. An example shows how an English sentence translates to Gaelic with different word order.
This document discusses word morphology and how words can be made longer by adding affixes. It provides the word "pseudoantidisestablishmentarianism" as an example of a word with many morphemes. The document then explains the structure of words, noting that words can have no more than one prefix, one inflectional suffix, and multiple derivational suffixes. It also discusses the differences between derivation, where new words are formed by adding affixes to bases or roots, and inflection, where affixes are added to change a word's form based on grammar rules. Finally, it introduces the concept of analyzing words into their immediate constituents.
Oppositeness and dissimilarity of sense and ambiguityBabar Manzoor
The document discusses different types of relationships between words and meanings:
Binary antonyms are pairs of words that are opposites and cannot both apply, like true/false. Converses describe relationships that switch subjects, like parent/child. Gradable antonyms vary on a scale, like hot/cold. Homonyms have unrelated meanings, like bank, while polysemous words have closely related meanings, like mouth. Sentences can be structurally ambiguous due to word order or lexically ambiguous due to ambiguous words. Referentially versatile phrases like she can refer to different people without being ambiguous.
Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas. There are several types of nouns including concrete nouns, which name tangible things that can be sensed, and abstract nouns, which name intangible concepts. Nouns can also be compound words made of multiple words or collective nouns that refer to groups. Nouns function in sentences as subjects and objects, answering the questions of who or what. New nouns can be created over time through invention or borrowing from other languages.
Nouns are a part of speech that denote people, places, things, animals or ideas. Proper nouns refer to specific individuals, places, or organizations and are capitalized, such as Sachin Tendulkar and Mumbai. Common nouns refer to general categories and can be countable or uncountable. Countable nouns can take plural forms and numbers before them, such as parent and two parents. Plurals are usually formed by adding -s, such as nail becoming nails and cat becoming cats.
This presentation provides a basic introduction to parts of speech by defining the nine main categories: nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, and interjections. It explains that every word in a sentence has a specific role and gives examples of how words fulfill different parts of speech, such as nouns representing people, places or things, verbs showing actions or states of being, and adjectives describing nouns. The purpose is to give students a working vocabulary and improve their understanding of grammar.
This document is a resource for all grades that teaches about predicate adjectives. It explains that a predicate adjective follows a linking verb and describes the subject. It provides examples of sentences containing linking verbs and predicate adjectives, such as "Bees are necessary for pollinating plants" where "are" is the linking verb and "necessary" is the predicate adjective. The resource aims to help students identify linking verbs and predicate adjectives in sentences.
The document defines and provides examples of the 8 parts of speech in English grammar: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It explains their basic definitions and functions in sentences. Key examples are provided to illustrate proper usage of each part of speech.
The document discusses different types of pronouns in English. It defines a pronoun as a word used instead of a noun. There are subject pronouns, object pronouns, possessive adjectives, possessive pronouns, and reflexive pronouns. Subject pronouns are used when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence. Object pronouns are used to substitute nouns and always follow verbs. Possessive adjectives indicate ownership and precede nouns. Possessive pronouns are used in place of nouns. Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause and end in "self" or "selves".
Words sentences and dictionaryes by:Diana Villarreal12diana1993
This document discusses different linguistic concepts related to words, sentences, and dictionaries. It describes how language can be divided into different sized pieces, from sounds to utterances. Words are considered the basic units of language. Dictionaries provide translations of words and information about meanings, grammar, and pronunciation to look up words. Some linguistic items like idioms and collocations have unpredictable meanings that are figured based on common usage rather than the literal definition of the words. Idioms are phrases with figurative meanings, while collocations refer to words that commonly go together, like "hard work." Proverbs are also discussed as traditional sayings whose conventional interpretation differs from the literal meaning.
The document discusses different types of phrases, fragments, and clauses in the English language. It defines phrases as incomplete thoughts that modify other words, fragments as incomplete sentences lacking a subject or verb, and clauses as groups of words with a subject and verb. The document then provides examples and explanations of different types of phrases (noun, prepositional, appositive, verbal), fragments (phrase and clause), and how to identify and correct fragments.
This document provides an overview of nouns and pronouns in the English language. It defines what a noun and pronoun are, lists the main types of nouns and pronouns, and provides examples for each. The types of nouns discussed include proper, common, collective, abstract, material, possessive, countable, and uncountable nouns. The types of pronouns explained are personal, demonstrative, interrogative, indefinite, possessive, relative, reciprocal, reflexive, intensive, and interrogative pronouns.
Now we have moved on from looking at syllables to looking at words, and we will consider certain well-known English forms that can be pronounced in two different ways; these are called strong forms and weak forms.
Strong Form is the full form of word pronounced with stress.
Weak forms are sounds that become unstressed in connected speech and are often then pronounced as a schwa.
This document contains repetitive lists of the same item numbered consecutively from 13 to 16. List 13 is repeated 8 times, List 14 is repeated 8 times, List 15 is repeated 8 times, and List 16 is repeated 8 times for a total of 32 repeated lists ranging from 13 to 16.
This document contains repetitive lists from 21 to 26, with each list consisting of 8 repetitions of the list number. The essential information is that the document structure involves repeating short lists in sequence from 21 to 26, with each list containing the same number repeated 8 times.
Predicator, predicate, the degree of predicateWardhani Qusuma
The document discusses predicates and predicators in sentences. It provides examples of sentences and identifies the predicator and predicate in each. The key points are:
- The predicator is the simple word that makes the most specific contribution to the meaning of the sentence.
- The predicate includes the predicator and any other words that can function as the predicator in another sentence.
- Sentences can have one-degree, two-degree, or more degree predicates depending on the number of referring expressions or arguments in the sentence.
This document discusses various processes of word formation in linguistics, including compounding, affixation, blending, derivation, borrowing, clipping, imitation of sounds, and the first-sister principle. It provides examples for each type of word formation and briefly defines key terms such as compound adjectives, compound nouns, compound verbs, derivation, etymology, and similative constructions. The document examines both the synchronic and diachronic study of language and contrasts derivation with inflection.
Learn about subject and predicate
Read the various sentences
Know the definition of subject and predicate
understand and solve questions based on subject and predicate topic
Derivational and inflectional morpheme in korean languageWina Viqa
This document discusses morphology and morphemes in language. It defines morphology as the study of word structure and formation, including inflection, derivation, and compounding. Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of a language. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes, which must be attached to other morphemes. The document then gives examples of derivational morphemes in Korean that change word categories, such as adding "-하다" to form verbs from nouns. It also lists some examples of inflectional morphemes in Korean that indicate grammatical information like tense, honorifics, and grammatical particles.
The document defines and provides examples of different types of verbs:
1) Regular and irregular verbs, with regular verbs forming the past tense by adding "-ed" and irregular verbs having unpredictable past forms.
2) Transitive and intransitive verbs, with transitive verbs taking an object and intransitive verbs not.
3) Action, linking, and helping verbs - with action verbs showing actions, linking verbs connecting subjects to nouns or adjectives, and helping verbs assisting the main verb.
4) Verb phrases are formed when a helping verb is joined with an action or linking verb.
This document discusses syllables and syllable stress in words. It defines a syllable as the sound of a vowel created when pronouncing letters like A, E, I, O, U. The number of syllables in a word is equal to the number of vowel sounds. Words can be mono-syllabic, having one syllable, or poly-syllabic, having multiple syllables. All multi-syllable words have one syllable that is stressed, making it longer, higher in pitch, and louder. The rules for determining stressed syllables in words of different types are explained. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying word stress correctly.
This document discusses English grammar and its traditional rules. It covers parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives. It also discusses agreement between parts of a sentence in number, person, tense and gender. Traditional grammar was prescriptive and based rules like not ending sentences with prepositions. Descriptive grammar describes how language is actually used. Structural and constituent analysis are used to investigate sentence structure and how constituents are organized hierarchically. An example shows how an English sentence translates to Gaelic with different word order.
This document discusses word morphology and how words can be made longer by adding affixes. It provides the word "pseudoantidisestablishmentarianism" as an example of a word with many morphemes. The document then explains the structure of words, noting that words can have no more than one prefix, one inflectional suffix, and multiple derivational suffixes. It also discusses the differences between derivation, where new words are formed by adding affixes to bases or roots, and inflection, where affixes are added to change a word's form based on grammar rules. Finally, it introduces the concept of analyzing words into their immediate constituents.
Oppositeness and dissimilarity of sense and ambiguityBabar Manzoor
The document discusses different types of relationships between words and meanings:
Binary antonyms are pairs of words that are opposites and cannot both apply, like true/false. Converses describe relationships that switch subjects, like parent/child. Gradable antonyms vary on a scale, like hot/cold. Homonyms have unrelated meanings, like bank, while polysemous words have closely related meanings, like mouth. Sentences can be structurally ambiguous due to word order or lexically ambiguous due to ambiguous words. Referentially versatile phrases like she can refer to different people without being ambiguous.
Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas. There are several types of nouns including concrete nouns, which name tangible things that can be sensed, and abstract nouns, which name intangible concepts. Nouns can also be compound words made of multiple words or collective nouns that refer to groups. Nouns function in sentences as subjects and objects, answering the questions of who or what. New nouns can be created over time through invention or borrowing from other languages.
Nouns are a part of speech that denote people, places, things, animals or ideas. Proper nouns refer to specific individuals, places, or organizations and are capitalized, such as Sachin Tendulkar and Mumbai. Common nouns refer to general categories and can be countable or uncountable. Countable nouns can take plural forms and numbers before them, such as parent and two parents. Plurals are usually formed by adding -s, such as nail becoming nails and cat becoming cats.
This presentation provides a basic introduction to parts of speech by defining the nine main categories: nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, and interjections. It explains that every word in a sentence has a specific role and gives examples of how words fulfill different parts of speech, such as nouns representing people, places or things, verbs showing actions or states of being, and adjectives describing nouns. The purpose is to give students a working vocabulary and improve their understanding of grammar.
This document is a resource for all grades that teaches about predicate adjectives. It explains that a predicate adjective follows a linking verb and describes the subject. It provides examples of sentences containing linking verbs and predicate adjectives, such as "Bees are necessary for pollinating plants" where "are" is the linking verb and "necessary" is the predicate adjective. The resource aims to help students identify linking verbs and predicate adjectives in sentences.
The document defines and provides examples of the 8 parts of speech in English grammar: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It explains their basic definitions and functions in sentences. Key examples are provided to illustrate proper usage of each part of speech.
The document discusses different types of pronouns in English. It defines a pronoun as a word used instead of a noun. There are subject pronouns, object pronouns, possessive adjectives, possessive pronouns, and reflexive pronouns. Subject pronouns are used when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence. Object pronouns are used to substitute nouns and always follow verbs. Possessive adjectives indicate ownership and precede nouns. Possessive pronouns are used in place of nouns. Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause and end in "self" or "selves".
Words sentences and dictionaryes by:Diana Villarreal12diana1993
This document discusses different linguistic concepts related to words, sentences, and dictionaries. It describes how language can be divided into different sized pieces, from sounds to utterances. Words are considered the basic units of language. Dictionaries provide translations of words and information about meanings, grammar, and pronunciation to look up words. Some linguistic items like idioms and collocations have unpredictable meanings that are figured based on common usage rather than the literal definition of the words. Idioms are phrases with figurative meanings, while collocations refer to words that commonly go together, like "hard work." Proverbs are also discussed as traditional sayings whose conventional interpretation differs from the literal meaning.
The document discusses different types of phrases, fragments, and clauses in the English language. It defines phrases as incomplete thoughts that modify other words, fragments as incomplete sentences lacking a subject or verb, and clauses as groups of words with a subject and verb. The document then provides examples and explanations of different types of phrases (noun, prepositional, appositive, verbal), fragments (phrase and clause), and how to identify and correct fragments.
This document provides an overview of nouns and pronouns in the English language. It defines what a noun and pronoun are, lists the main types of nouns and pronouns, and provides examples for each. The types of nouns discussed include proper, common, collective, abstract, material, possessive, countable, and uncountable nouns. The types of pronouns explained are personal, demonstrative, interrogative, indefinite, possessive, relative, reciprocal, reflexive, intensive, and interrogative pronouns.
Now we have moved on from looking at syllables to looking at words, and we will consider certain well-known English forms that can be pronounced in two different ways; these are called strong forms and weak forms.
Strong Form is the full form of word pronounced with stress.
Weak forms are sounds that become unstressed in connected speech and are often then pronounced as a schwa.
This document contains repetitive lists of the same item numbered consecutively from 13 to 16. List 13 is repeated 8 times, List 14 is repeated 8 times, List 15 is repeated 8 times, and List 16 is repeated 8 times for a total of 32 repeated lists ranging from 13 to 16.
This document contains repetitive lists from 21 to 26, with each list consisting of 8 repetitions of the list number. The essential information is that the document structure involves repeating short lists in sequence from 21 to 26, with each list containing the same number repeated 8 times.
This document contains repetitive lists of the same items. List 17 is repeated 8 times, List 18 is repeated 8 times, and List 19 and List 20 are each repeated 7 times for a total of 30 lists consisting only of repetitive numbering.
Быть лучше, быстрее и выше - врождённое желание человека. Каждый стремится добиться большего, чем его предшественники. Скалолазный спорт - одна из лучших метафор жизни. Стремление добраться до вершины, и сделать это быстрее, а лучше первым, как ничто описывает основной движущий принцип эволюции. Неповторимое чувство победы для людей, которые именно здесь и сейчас выше, чем все остальные.
Скальный фестиваль nordwest - это очередной шаг в развитии и популяризации этого спорта в Санкт-Петербурге. Каждый сможет попробовать подняться на склоны различной сложности и высоты. Инструкторы лучших скальных центров Петербурга помогут и объяснят тем, кто пожелает испытать себя.
The document repeats lists of numbers from 7 to 12. List 7 is repeated 6 times, List 8 is repeated 6 times, and so on up to List 12 which is repeated 6 times in sequential order. The document contains repetitive lists from 7 to 12 without any other significant details or information.
This document contains a repetitive list of the numbers 17, 18, 19 and 20. Each number is listed 16 times consecutively, with no other context or information provided. The document appears to be testing the repetition of these four list numbers without any other distinguishing content.
This document contains repetitive lists from 27 to 32, with each list consisting of 8 repetitions of the list number. The document provides a repetitive structure without substantive content to summarize.