Nobel Metallic nanomaterials.ppt

Synthesis of Noble Metallic Nano-materials
and their applications in Organic Reactions
By
Dr. Rai Dhirendra Prasad
Bihar Veterinary College, Patna
Prof. (Dr) G. M. Nazeruddin
Poona College, Camp, Pune
1
1
Ph D Presentation by Neeraj R Prasad

Index
 Chapter I: Introduction
 Chapter II: Synthesis of NPs by Chemical
routes & Characterization
 Chapter III: Synthesis of NPs by Biological
routes & Characterization
 Chapter IV: Application of NPs
 a) Antimicrobial Activity of NPs
 b) dye degradation
 c) Organic reactions
 Conclusion
 List of Publications in Int. Journal
2

Chapter I
 Introduction
3

“Nanotechnology is the art and science of
manipulating matter at the nanoscale”
4

Nanotechnology in Ancient Period
 Ras-Ratnakar: described the formation of
metallic nanoparticles about 5000 years
ago
Shodhan: purification
Maran: killing the metallic properties
 Alchemist- Aurum potable & Luna
potable about 1570 AD
 Dr Samuel Hahnemann- Organon of
medicines
 Lycurgus Cup: 4th century AD
5

History
The idea of nanotechnology was
born in December 29, 1959 when
physicist “Richard Feynman” gave
a lecture exploring the idea of
building things at the atomic and
molecular scale. He is regarded as
Father of Nanotechnology and
given the Famous statement “There
is plenty of Room at the bottom”.
He imagined the entire
Encyclopedia Britannica written on
the head of a pin.
6

Nanoparticles
 "A particle with the size of the order of 1-
nm to 100nm in any dimension and at
least any one property different from that
of bulk".
 During the synthesis of nanoparticles, size of
nanoparticles depends on the stoichiometric
ratio of metal ion to capping ligand
concentration.
7

Properties at nanoscale
 Properties of nanoparticles: depend
upon size, shape, stabilizing agent,
method of preparation etc.
 Changes in optical, thermal, electrical,
electronic, magnetic and mechanical
properties
8

Melting Point
 Graph of melting
point (Tm) vs size
of particle (D)
 Melting point of
nanoparticles (Tm)
is below the melting
point of bulk
material
9
)
/
1
1
( D
bulk
Tm
Tm 


Optical Property
 Size dependent optical
properties of
gold nanoparticles
 This effect appears due
to the interaction of
electro-magnetic
radiation with the
electron cloud present
on the surface of metal
nanoparticles
10

Surface Plasmon Resonance
 Surface Plasmon
oscillations.
 Large number of
atoms present on
the surface of
nanoparticles
contributes electron
cloud which
interacts with E-
field of light and
thus oscillates
11

Electronic Property
 When the size enters nano level, electron
motion is restricted to a smaller space,
they don’t follow classical theory &
restricts themselves from diffusion of
valence and conduction band.
 The energy gap between valence band and
conduction band (Kubo gap) becomes
larger than thermal energy and hence
metallic nanoparticles become
semiconductor further becomes an
insulator
12

Other Properties
 Magnetic Property: Bulk materials
forms multiple magnetic domains, but
nanoparticles form only a single
magnetic domain thus could be used
for super magnetism.
 Bio-compatibility:
 Electrical Properties: The metals that
are good conductance behave as
semiconductor at nano-level.
13

Property changes…
 opaque substances become transparent
(copper)
 stable materials turn combustible
(aluminum)
 insoluble materials become soluble
(gold)
 Chemically inert becomes active (Gold)
14

Why different property at Nanoscale
• High Surface to Volume ratio (Aspect
ratio) : Because of this the nanoparticle
become less stable .
 Gravitational force: is not effective
 Size comparable to wavelength of light:
thus entire different optical properties
like Surface Plasmon Resonance is
exhibited.
 Dangling bonds
15

Surface to Volume Ratio
Spherical particle:
 surface area = 4πr2
and volume = 4/3 π r3
 Sp= 4πr2σ/ (4/3)πr3ρ
where, σ is surface area factor
and ρ is volume factor
 r→o , Sp→∞
16

Quantum mechanics
 Nanoparticles do not obey the laws of
classical mechanics; instead they follow
the principles of quantum mechanics.
 Exhibits interesting shape dependence
due to electronic motion in different
dimensions.
17

Example of shape dependent property
 Electron can oscillate in two distinct
ways in 1-D nanostructures under
electromagnetic field, namely in
longitudinal and transverse modes. The
way electrons executes its motion alters
their various properties and thus nano-
rods and nano-tubes give rise to Surface
Plasmon absorption peaks due to the
two different types of electronic
motion.
18

Nanoparticles as Smart Material:
 Smart materials are the materials that
respond favorably to change in
temperature, pH, moisture or
electromagnetic fields thus are
extensively used as sensors and
actuators.
 Nanoparticles can also be used as
advanced engineering materials which
can withstand high temp, high impact.
19

Nano-composites
 Light weight Nano composites can
replace heavy metals in automobile
industry to achieve high speed in
vehicles
 Nano-composites are actively used to
enhance the efficiency of solar cells,
and also in superconductor and super
capacitors
20

21

Norio Taniguchi
 The term "nanotechnology" was coined
by Tokyo Science University Professor
Norio Taniguchi in a 1974
22

Stabilization of Nanoparticles
 Tendency to form agglomeration
 Stabilization: usually accomplished by
suitable passivating agents also called
as capping or stabilizing agent.
23

Gibb’s Free Energy & Stability
 As size of the nanoparticles decreases
their surface energy increases.
 Increase in the surface energy results in
increase in the Gibb’s free energy.
 According to the law of thermodynamics,
every system always tries to attain
minimum Gibb’s free energy
 Therefore it loses its nanoness and exotic
properties related to it. Hence it is very
important to stabilize the nanoparticles
against the aggregation.
24

25
Electrostatic Stabilization

Potential energy vs distance between the
nanoparticles
 Particles formed are surrounded by the
electronic double layer of reactant ions on the
surface of nanoparticles. The strength of
double layer given by zeta potential
 Two forces: Van der Waals forces of attraction ,
and electrostatic force of repulsion due to the
charged ions on the surface.
 Stability of nanoparticles is dependent on the
combined effect of these two forces.
 Greater the thickness of the double layer,
higher is the potential energy barrier & higher
is stability
26

27
Capping agents used for Surface Modification &
Stabilization

Surface Modification using Capping Agent
 Electron rich ligands such as amines,
thiols, phosphates, carboxylates used
for capping of nanoparticles
 Surface modifications like reactivity,
Surface charge, specific gravity, nature
of surface i.e. hydrophobicity induced
in the nanoparticles with the help of
different capping agents.
28

Steric Stabilization
 Inhibits coagulation
 Uses water-
loving polymers and
surfactants with
water-loving chains
 Covers the system
in such a way that
long loops and tails
extend out into
solution.
29

30
Stabilization by Steric interaction where Electrostatic
Force of repulsion are weak

Steric Interaction for Stabilization
 Nanoparticles dispersion in organic medium
experiences less significant electrostatic effects
and stability comes from steric interactions by
adsorption of amphiphilic molecules.
 The lead group of these molecules binds with
metal nanoparticles surface while hydrocarbon
chain prevents aggregation sterically as shown
in figure.
 Due to these steric interactions, the
nanoparticles are found to be stable in the
form of powder even after complete
evaporation of solvent.
31

Choice of Capping Agent
It determines:
 Stability
 Reactivity
 Size and shape
 e.g. Poly vinyl alcohol
32

Synthesis Techniques
1) Bottom-up technique
2) Top- down technique
33

34

Methodology
 Adopted method is Chemical route of
synthesis and Biosynthesis using plants
 Prepared nanoparticles characterized using
different characterization techniques
 Antimicrobial activity
 Synergetic effectiveness study
 Use of synthesized NPs for dye degradation
reaction
 Use of synthesized NPs as potential catalyst in
organic transformation reaction
35

Chapter II
 Chemical Route of Synthesis
36

Chemical Route of synthesis
Following metallic NPs synthesized by
this method:
 Cu NPs
 Ag NPs
 Cu-Ag Bimetallic NPs
37

Synthesis of Copper nanoparticles
 We have developed a method to
synthesize Copper nanoparticles by
mixing CuCl2 solution with Hydrarzine
hydrate as a reducing agent and Sodium
Dodecyl sulphate as a surfactant.
 In this method, physiologically stable,
bio-compatible Cu nanoparticles were
formed.
38

Characterizations
39

XRD Pattern for Copper NPs
 In the XRD pattern,
four dominant peaks
are observed which
have the diffraction
peaks at 2Ѳ= 43ᴼ, 51ᴼ,
73ᴼ, and 90ᴼ.
 Representative
pattern for Copper
nanoparticles and
thus confirmed their
formation.
Ph D Presentation by Neeraj R Prasad 40

Particle Size Distribution
 PSD histogram
indicates that 1.4%
particles size is
around 29.6nm with
a standard deviation
of 9.49% while
15.95% particles are of
529nm & the
remaining particles
are around 2.8k nm
with a standard
deviation of 21.64%.
41

SEM Image of Cu NPs
 The SEM image
reveals the formation
of cluster of spherical
cotton-like structure
of Cu NPs with non
uniform distribution.
 The SEM image has
been taken with JSM-
6360 instrument
which uses
accelerating voltage
of 20KV.
42

TEM Image of Copper NPs
 Nanoparticles
formed were of
different sizes and
particle size as
observed in the
figure is 9.51 nm
which lies in the
nano range

Antimicrobial activity of Cu NPs
 The antimicrobial
activity has been tested
against gram-positive
Bacillus subtilis NCIM
2635 and gram-negative
Salmonella
typhimorium bacteria.
study for Bacillus
subtilis NCIM 2635
shows well size to be
8mm and zone of
inhibition of about
16mm.
44

Synthesis of AgNPs
 Synthesized Silver nanoparticles by mixing AgNO3
solution with Hydrarzine hydrate as a reducing agent
and Sodium Succinate as a surfactant.
 In this method, physiologically stable, bio-
compatible Ag nanoparticles were formed.
 Analyzed by various characterization techniques to
reveal their morphology, chemical composition, and
antimicrobial activity.
 It results in formation of spherical, non-uniform,
poly dispersed nanoparticles. A detailed study of
anti-microbial activity of nanoparticles was carried
out.
45

Characterizations
46

UV-Visible Spectroscopic image of Ag NPs
 It is reported in the literature
that typical AgNPs shows the
characteristic SPR at the
wavelength in the range of
400-480nm.
 Fig. shows SPR for the sample
solution to occur at the
wavelength of 425 nm which
confirms the presence of
Silver nanoparticles in the
prepared solution.
 The SPR absorbance is
sensitive to the nature, size
and shape of particles present
in the solution and also it
depends upon their inner
particle distance and the
surrounding media.
47

XRD Pattern of Ag NPs
 XRD patterns shows four
major peaks.
 The synthesized
nanoparticles are
crystalline in nature.
 These peaks are of cubic
structure which is in
agreement with the
JCPDS file No. 00-004-
0783.
 The JCPDS data
indicates the melting
point of the sample to be
960.6°C.
48

SEM image of AgNPs
 SEM image reveals
the formation of
cluster of spherical
beadlike structure of
silver nanoparticles
with non uniform
distribution.
6360 instrument
which uses
of 20KV.
49

TEM image of AgNPs
 TEM Images reveal
poly-disperse spherical
particles with non
 It was observed that the
nanoparticles formed
were of different sizes
and particle size was
found to be 13.92nm,
and 17.25nm which lies
in the nano range.
50

Antimicrobial activity of Ag NPs
Salmonella
 Ag NPs shows
antimicrobial activity
against gram positive
bacteria and well size is
8mm and zone of
inhibition is 19 mm.
51

Synthesis of Cu-Ag Bimetallic NPs
 Synthesized Copper-Silver bimetallic nanoparticles
by mixing CuCl2 and AgNO3 solution with
Hydrarzine hydrate as a reducing agent and Sodium
Dodecyl sulphate as a surfactant.
 Physiologically stable, bio-compatible Cu-Ag
Bimetallic nanoparticles formed.
 These nanoparticles were analyzed by various
characterization techniques to reveal their
morphology, chemical composition, and
antimicrobial activity.
 Formation of spherical, non-uniform, poly dispersed
nanoparticles.
52

Characterizations
53

PSD of Cu-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles
 PSD histogram
indicates that
16.46% particles
size is around
83.3nm with a
standard deviation
of 15.06% while the
remaining particles
are around 419.2 nm
with a standard
54

SEM image of Cu-Ag Bimetallic NPs
 SEM image reveals the
formation of cluster of
spherical beadlike
structure of copper-
silver bimetallic
nanoparticles with non
6360 instrument which
uses accelerating
voltage of 20KV.
55

TEM image of Cu-Ag Bimetallic NPs
particles with non
found to be 5.97nm,
3.98nm, 6.66nm and
6.63nm which lies in
the nano range.
56

Antimicrobial activity of Cu-Ag Bimetallic NPs
Salmonella
 Ag-Cu bimetallic NPs
shows antimicrobial
activity against gram
positive bacteria and
well size is 8mm and
zone of inhibition is 28
mm.
57
Published in Der Pharmacia
Lettre, 2014, 6 (3):129-136

 Biological Routes of Synthesis
58

Biological Routes of synthesis
 Synthesis of AgNPs using A. indica plant extract
 Synthesis of AgNPs using A. vasica plant extract
 Synthesis of AgNPs using Z. officinale plant extract
 Synthesis of AgNPs using C. sativum plant extract
 Synthesis of AgNPs using T. foenum plant extract
 Synthesis of AgNPs using N. tabacum plant extract
 Synthesis of Pd NPs using T. foenum plant extract
59

Synthesis of AgNPs using A. indica plant extract
 Synthesized silver nanoparticles by mixing silver
solution with leaf extract of Azadirachta indica
without using any surfactant or external energy.
 Physiologically stable Ag nanoparticles were formed.
 On treating the metallic salt solution with some
plant extracts, a rapid reduction occur leading to the
formation of highly stable metal nanoparticles.
 With this method rapid synthesis of nanoparticles
was observed to occur; i. e. reaction time was 1 to 2
hours as compared to 2 - 4 days required by
microorganisms.
60

Characterizations
61
Family: Meliaceae

UV image of Ag NPs using A. indica plant
extract
400-480nm.
prepared solution.
surrounding media.
62

XRD Pattern of AgNPs
 The synthesized
nanoparticles are
 It can be seen that
seven major peaks
appeared.
 These peaks are of
cubic structure which
is in agreement with
the JCPDS file No.
00-004-0783
63

PSD of Ag NPs
 PSD histogram
indicates that 10.07%
particles size is
around 113nm with a
standard deviation of
16.48% size while the
remaining particles
are around 633.5nm
with a standard
64

SEM image of Ag NPs
the formation of
with non uniform
distribution.
6360 instrument
which uses
of 20KV.
65

TEM image of Ag NPs
particles with non
found to be 4.74nm,
8.17nm, 14.23nm and
18.98 and the mean size
of about 11.5nm which
lies in the nano range.
66

Salmonella
 Ag NPs shows
8mm and zone of
67
Published in Elsevier’s Jalcom 583
(2014) 272–277

In-vitro bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticle
using Adhatoda vasica leaf extract
 Adhatoda vasica leave extract used as a reducing agent.
 The same extract also acts as a capping agent.
 Adhatoda vasica is widely available plant in tropical
country like India.
 Major components of the Adhatoda vasica leaf are
Vasicine-C11H12N2O, Adhatodic acid (about 0.25%),
volatile oil, sucrose etc.
 High amount of poly-phenolic compounds and flavenoids
in the plant extract are generally supposed to influence
the reduction process and stabilize nanoparticles
preventing agglomeration.
 The aqueous extract of this plant contains proteins which
may act as a bio-ligand and helps to stabilize the
nanoparticles
68

Characterizations
69
Family: Acanthaceae

UV image of Ag NPs
400-480nm.
prepared solution.
surrounding media.
70

XRD Pattern of AgNPs
 The synthesized
nanoparticles are
 There are four major
peaks.
 These peaks are of
are in agreement with
the JCPDS file no 00-
004-0783
71

PSD of Ag nanoparticles
 PSD histogram
indicates that 11.10%
particles size is
around 15nm with a
standard deviation
of 15.50% while the
remaining particles
are around 630 nm
with a standard
72

SEM image of Ag NPs
the formation of
with non uniform
distribution.
6360 instrument
which uses
of 20KV.
73

TEM image of Ag NPs
particles with non
found to be 7.95nm,
10.61 which lies in the
nano range.
74

Antimicrobial activity of Ag NPs and
synergetic study
 The antimicrobial activity has
been tested against gram-
positive Bacillus subtilis NCIM
Salmonella typhimorium
bacteria.
 Ag NPs shows antimicrobial
activity against gram positive
bacteria and well size is 8mm
and zone of inhibition is 10
mm. Common antibiotic
penicillin showed zone of
inhibition of 26mm while
synergetic effectiveness study
of AgNPs with Penicillin
showed it to be 30mm
75
Published in Elsevier’s Physica E
61(2014)56–61

Green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using Zingiber
officinale rhizome
 Zingiber officinale major components
are Gingerol, Shogol, Resin and starch.
It does not contain mineral more than
6%.
 Lin et al reported that the carbonyl
groups of proteins found in plants have
a strong affinity to bind metals.
 So the plant rhizome extract can act as
capping agent and thus protect the
nanoparticles from agglomeration.
76

Synthesis
 100ml of 0.1N AgNO3 solution was taken in 500ml beaker.
 Then 50ml of Zingiber officinale rhizome extract solution was
taken in burette and drop wise added at room temperature with
constant stirring.
 As soon as the rhizome extract solution was added dark brown
coloured precipitate appeared in the solution.
 After complete addition of 50ml of solution a sufficient amount
of the precipitate was observed and it was separated by high
speed centrifugation at about 8000rpm.
 The separated solid mass was washed with alcohol for few times
to remove impurities soluble in alcohols.
 After complete washing the solid mass was kept in oven for
drying.
 The complete drying of this solid mass resulted in a black
coloured material which was powdered in mortar and sampled
for characterization purpose.
77

Characterizations
78
Family:Zingiberaceae

UV image of Ag NPs
400-480nm.
prepared solution.
surrounding media.
79

 The synthesized
nanoparticles are
crystalline in
nature.
 Eight Major peaks
occurred.
 These peaks are in
agreement with the
JCPDS file
80

SEM image of Ag NPs
the formation of
with non uniform
distribution.
6360 instrument
which uses
of 20KV.
81

TEM image of Ag NPs
 TEM Images reveal poly-
disperse spherical
particles with non
were of different sizes and
particle size was found to
be 4.22nm, 4.48nm,
4.72nm and 5.28nm and
the mean size of about
4.68nm which lies in the
nano range.
82

Salmonella
 Ag NPs shows
8mm and zone of
83

Coriandrum sativum seed extract assisted in-situ Green
synthesis of Silver nanoparticle
 A thorough study on literature of C.
sativum reveals that the major
components of the plant are
Coriandrol-C10H18O, Maleic acid (about
0.25%), volatile oil, sucrose, tannin,
fatty acids and minerals etc.
 The aqueous seed extract contains
protein which may act as a bio-ligand.
84

Characterizations
85
Family:Apiaceae

UV image of Ag NPs
400-480nm.
prepared solution.
surrounding media.
86

 The synthesized
nanoparticles are
crystalline in
nature.
 There are four
major peaks which
are in agreement
with the JCPDS file
No. 00-004-0783
87

 PSD histogram
indicates that
98.9% particles size
is around 178.9nm
with a standard
deviation of 23.5%
while the 1.1%
particles are around
1400 nm with a
standard deviation
of 25%.
88

SEM image of Ag NPs
the formation of
with non uniform
distribution.
6360 instrument
which uses
of 20KV.
89

TEM image of Ag NPs
 TEM Images reveal poly-
disperse spherical
particles with non
were of different sizes and
particle size was found to
be 9.94nm, 15.91nm,
13.94nm and 12.59nm and
the mean size of about
13.09nm which lies in the
nano range.
90

 The antimicrobial activity
has been tested against
gram-positive Bacillus
subtilis NCIM 2635 and
gram-negative Salmonella
 Ag NPs shows
8mm and zone of
inhibition is 13 mm while
1:1 of NPs and Penicillin
give it to be 28mm.
91
Published in Elsevier’s Ind Crops
& Products 60 (2014) 212–216

In-vitro bio-fabrication of Silver nanoparticle using
Trigonella foenum seed extract
 Trigonella foenum seed extract used as a reducing
and capping agent
 This method gives nanoparticles well separated from
each other and no aggregation was observed.
 Major components of the plant are globulin,
histidine, Trigonelline (C7H7O2N), Choline, fatty
acids, phosphates, lecithin, and nucleo-albumin.
 Therefore it is as nutritive as cod-liver oil.
 It is also used as a Ayurveda medicine against
indigestion, bleeding piles, galactagogue, diarrhoea,
griping pain, anaemia, diabetes, goitre, leucorrhoea,
and as appetizer and purgative and in treating eye
diseases
92

Characterizations
93
Family:Fabaceae

UV image of Ag NPs
400-480nm.
prepared solution.
surrounding media.
94

 The synthesized
nanoparticles are
crystalline in
nature.
 The four major
peaks occurred
which are in
agreement with the
JCPDS file No. 00-
004-0783
95

 PSD histogram
indicates that mean
diameter of
nanoparticles
formed is about 10.5
nm with standard
deviation of 2.2 nm
or 21.1%
96

SEM image of Ag NPs
the formation of
with non uniform
distribution.
6360 instrument
which uses
of 20KV.
97

TEM image of Ag NPs
particles with non
found to be 4.22nm,
4.48nm, 5.28nm and
4.74 and the mean size
of about 4.68nm which
98
Published in RJPBCS March - April
(2014) 5(2) Page No. 167-175

Extracellular biosynthesis of Silver nanoparticles
using Nicotiana tabacum leaf extract
 Extended green chemistry approaches for
synthesizing nano-materials from lower class of
organisms to higher forms of plants.
 It leads to green chemistry route which is more
advantageous because it does not require elaborate
process such as intra cellular synthesis, multiple
purification steps, and maintainance of microbial
cell culture.
 Synthesis reaction is carried out at room
temperature
 High amount of phenolic compounds in the plant
extract are generally supposed to influence the
reduction process and stabilize nanoparticles
preventing agglomeration.
99

Characterizations
100
Family:Solanaceae

UV image of Ag NPs
 It is reported in the
literature that typical
AgNPs shows the
wavelength in the range
of 400-480nm.
 Fig. shows SPR for the
sample solution to occur
at the wavelength of 425
nm which confirms the
presence of Silver
nanoparticles in the
prepared solution.
101

 The synthesized
nanoparticles are
 These are four major
peaks indicating
is in agreement with
the JCPDS file No.
00-004-0783
102

 PSD histogram
indicates that mean
diameter of
synthesized
nanoparticles is
about 110.8 nm with
standard deviation
of 20.2 nm or 18.2 %
103

SEM image of Ag NPs
the formation of
with non uniform
distribution.
6360 instrument
which uses
of 20KV.
104

TEM image of Ag NPs
particles with non
found to be 15.92 nm,
13.26 nm, and 18.57 nm
and the mean size of
about 15.91 nm which
105

 The antimicrobial activity
has been tested against
gram-positive Bacillus
subtilis NCIM 2635 and
gram-negative Salmonella
 Ag NPs shows
8mm and zone of
inhibition is 10 mm. The
synergetic antimicrobial
activity shows it to be
35mm.
106
Paper Communicated to Material
Science and Engineering: C

Biosynthesis Pd NPs using T. foenum
 In this study we have developed a novel
method to synthesize Pd nanoparticles by
mixing PdCl2 salt solution with seed extract of
Trigonella foenum (Methi) without using any
surfactant or external energy.
 In this method, physiologically stable, bio-
compatible Pd NPs were formed.
 With this method rapid synthesis of
nanoparticles was observed to occur; i. e.
reaction time was 1 to 2 hours as compared to 2
- 4 days required by micro-organisms.
107

Characterizations
108
Family:Fabaceae

XRD Pattern of Pd NPs
 The synthesized
nanoparticles are
 These are multiple
major peaks
indicating formation
of Pd NPs which is in
agreement with the
JCPDS file no 05-0681
109
Published in Journal Pub
Vol. 1: Issue 1 pp 1-7

Particle Size Distribution of Pd
nanoparticles
 The PSD histogram
as shown in figure
3.40 indicates that
10.07% particles size
is around 113 nm with
a standard deviation
of 16.48% size while
the remaining
particles are around
633.5 nm with a
standard deviation of
20.58%.

Chapter IV
 Applications of nanoparticles
111

Emerging Application of Nanoparticles
 Catalysis
 Biosensor
 Diagnostic cell labeling
 Solar Cell
 Fuel Cell
 Photonic Band Gap Material
 Single Electron transistor
 Non Linear Optical Devices
 Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
 Medicine- such as targeted drug delievery
 Electronics- such as improved semiconductors
112

Applications: Organic Reaction 1
Catalyst in dye degradation:
• After addition of AgNPs the absorption
peak corresponding to dye at 275nm
and 650nm goes on decreasing with
time
• Peak disappears almost completely in
about 120 minutes
• Indicates that methylene-blue dye can
be completely degraded by using the
AgNPs as a catalyst
113

114

Application of NPs in organic reaction (2)
Reduction of 4-nitro aniline using AgNPs
115

IR spectroscopic graph of synthesized organic
compound
116

Organic reaction 3:
Synthesis of 4-amino phenol using CuO NPs
117

Organic Reaction 4:
Reduction of nitro benzene using AgNPs
118

IR for synthesized organic compound (Aniline)
119

Organic Reaction 5:
Synthesis of 4-amino benzyl alcohol
120

IR for synthesized organic compound
121

Organic Compound 6:
4-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,6 diphenyl pyridine
122

IR of Synthesized compound
123

NMR of synthesized compound
124

Conclusion- I
 Biosynthesis of AgNPs is easy,
economical and eco-friendly way.
 The synergetic study shows that the
synthesized nanoparticles can be used
alongwith traditional antibiotics to
improve their efficiency
 Also they can be used as a potential dye
degrading agents.
125

Conclusion- II
 The plant extract acts as a reducing as well as
stabilizing agent.
 The synthesized nanoparticles are mostly spherical
and polydispersed
 The use of plant extract in green synthesis of
nanoparticles is an easy, rapid, economical and eco-
friendly method of synthesis of nanoparticles
 The synthesized nanoparticles are bio-compatible
 Most of the synthesized nanoparticles are showing
antimicrobial activities of different degrees.
 The reactions are taking place at room temperature
without external energy

Future Direction in research
 To separate various components of
plant extract by column
chromatography and determine the
exact component which is responsible
for synthesis of nanoparticles.
 AgNPs are showing good anti-microbial
activity against Bascillus subtilus
however there is possibility of finding
its antimicrobial activities against other
pathogenic bacterium.

128

In the words of noble laureate
 Nobel Laureate Richard Smalley:
“Just wait – the next century is going to
be incredible. We are about to build
things that works on smallest possible
length scales, atom by atom. These
little nano-things will revolutionize our
industries and our lives.”
129

References
 Ahmad, N., Sharma, S., Alam, M.K., Singh, V.K.,
Shamsi, S.F., Mehta, B.R., Fatma, A., 2010. Rapid
synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using dried
medicinal plants of basil. Colloids Surf B. 81, 81-86.
 Aland, G.R., 2006. Synthesis and intercalation
studies with DNA and Gold nanoparticles.
Dissertation- University of Pune.
 Anilkumar, S., 2007. Biosynthesis of sulphide
nanoparticles. Dissertation: University of Pune
130

List of Publications (I)
 Rai Dhirendra Prasad, Naresh Charmode, Om Prakash
Shrivastav, Saurabh R Prasad, Asha Moghe, Anant Samant, Prashant D
Salvalkar, Neeraj R Prasad (2021) A Review on Concept of
Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine ES Food and Agroforestry
2021,4,41-73 DOI http//dx.doi.org/10.30919/esfaf481In-vitro Bio-
fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Trigonella Foenum seed
extract
Rai Dhirendra Prasad, Omkar S Karvekar, Prajkta B Pawar, Naresh
Charmode, Om Prakash Shrivastav, Saurabh R Prasad, Suneera Banga,
Milind B Patil, Prashant D Sarvalkar, Neeraj R Prasad A Review
On Nanotechnological Aspects In Veterinary Medicine, Research
Journal of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics, Pharmaceuticals and
Chemical Sciences DOI 10.26479/2021.0706.04 Nov-Dec 2021 RJLPBCS
7(6) page no 42-85In-vitro bio-fabrication of Silver nanoparticles using
Adhathoda vasica leaf extract and its antimicrobial activity
G. M. Nazeruddin, N. R. Prasad, S. R. Prasad, K. M. Garadkar, Arpan
Kumar Nayak
Elsevier- Physica E 61(2014)56–61
131

List of publications (II)
 Coriandrum sativum seed extract assisted in situ Green synthesis of silver
nanoparticles and its antimicrobial activity
G. M. Nazeruddin, N. R. Prasad, K. M. Garadkar, Y. I. Shaikh, Parag
Adhyapak
Elsevier-Industrial Crops and Products – 60 (2014) 212–216
 Rai Dhirendra Prasad, A K Sahoo, Om Prakash Shrivastav, Naresh
Charmode, Saurabh R Prasad, Rakesh Kamat, N G Kajave, Jinesh Chauhan,
Suneera Banga, Ujma Tamboli, M S Pandharpatte, R H Atigre, Viquar
Shaikh, M N Padvi, Prashant Sarvalkar, Neeraj R Prasad ‘ A Review on
Aspects of Nanotechnology in Food Science and Animal Nutrition’ ES
Food and Agroforestry DOI 10.30919/esfaf704.
 Extracellular One Pot Green Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles
Nazeruddin G.M.1, Prasad S.R., Rathor B.M., Kumbhar D.R., Khandare R.V.,
Prasad N.R.;
International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures Vol. 1:
Issue 1
132

List of Publications (III)
 A Brief Review: Science at Nanoscale, G.M.
Nazeruddin1, S.R.Prasad2,Y.I.Shaikh1,
N.R.Prasad
International Journal of Nanomaterials and
Nanostructures Vol. 1: Issue 1
• Rai Dhirendra Prasad, Saurabh R Prasad, Om
Prakash Shrivastav, A R Kanthe, S R Waghmare, V
iquar Shaikh, Kailash M Doke, Neeraj R Prasad,
Gulam M Nzzeruddin, Yasin I Shaikh ‘ Biogenic
Synthesis of Nano-Silver and Their Anti-Microbial
Efficacy’ ES Food and Agroforestry DOI:
https://dx.doi.org/10.30919/esfaf836
133

Acknowledgement
 Prof. (Dr) G. M. Nazeruddin
Principal, Poona College, Pune, India
• Dr. I. S. Mulla, C-MET, Pune
• Dr. Prakash Sane, Bourdex Uni., France
• Prof. S. R. Prasad, DKTE, Ichalkaranji
• Dr. Hussen Ahmed Osman
• Dr. Mahesh Pandharpatte
• Mr. Yaseen Shaikh
• Family and Friends
134

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