Mam in Second Life
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This study conducted research in the virtual world Second Life to measure motivation activation using the Motivation Activation Measure (MAM). Over 600 participants completed the MAM survey in Second Life, providing over 130,000 data points. Preliminary results found differences in MAM scores between Second Life and previous non-virtual samples, with Second Life participants showing lower defense system activation and higher approach system activation on average. Gender differences and relationships between MAM scores and age were also observed. Conducting research in virtual worlds requires new skills for working with large data sets and literacy of the virtual environment.
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Nonexperimental researchstrengths, weaknessesand issues o.docx
Nonexperimental research:
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and issues of precision
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Abstract
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unambiguously and correctly present the results of nonexperimental research, however, remains
decidedly unclear and possibly detrimental to applied disciplines such as human resource development.
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Topic 5 DQ 2Nov 3-7, 2022Imagine once again that you are an au.docx
Topic 5 DQ 2
Nov 3-7, 2022
Imagine once again that you are an automobile manufacturing executive tasked with increasing sales in your state. You wish to do a qualitative study to obtain the perspective of sales personnel regarding an incentive program you implemented at few dealerships that quantitatively proved to be successful. The three sources of data for your case study are individual semi-structured interviews, archival documents, and field observations. What are the most significant strengths and weaknesses of the methods for collecting data from these data sources? Why are these significant? What skills are needed to collect the data effectively? Explain. What concerns do you have about the feasibility of implementing these methods of data collection for this study? Explain.
One student already answered the below answer
Use this students answer below to make sure your answer sounds similar
STUDENT ANSWER- In the scenario for the automobile manufacturing company and the perspective of the sales personnel using the semi-structured interview, field observations, and archival documents would have positives and negatives. The semi-structured interview provides an opportunity for in-depth, open-ended questions (Steffes & Jacobs, 2021). The researcher can stray from the established questions, which allows for follow-up questions. A weakness might be the time it takes to interview all the participants, conduct the interview, and the researcher's bias. Field observations can not be recorded as they occur and rely on the researcher's memory. The researcher needs to record the evidence quickly after the event (Steffes & Jacobs, 2021). Finally, archival documents need approval before they are used. For our scenario, looking at companies implementing an incentive program would benefit the research. The data will provide a rich description of the participants. The researcher must be familiar with the research but not provide bias when conducting the research. Some considerations need to be made when collecting data. Modality, time of the interview, if they are recorded, and sharing the purpose of the interview must be disclosed to those participating in the research. Concerns about the feasibility would be money, time, and the number of participants.
Resources:
Steffes, D. & Jacobs, J. (2021). Introduction to sampling, data collection, and data analysis. In Grand Canyon University (Ed.), GCU doctoral research: Foundations and Theories.
https://lc.gcumedia.com/webbooks/gcu-doctoral-research-introduction-to-sampling-data-collection-and-data-analysis/v1.1/#/chapter/6
Student responses
Original Question-
Topic 5 DQ 1
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The relationship between hours of exercise and sleep.
The difference in minutes a day exercising between boys and girls.
The types of exercise students engage in after school.
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Correlational research allows the researcher to answer questions such as:
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does change in Variable A cause change in Variable B?
is there a significant difference between scores on Variable A and scores on Variable B?
does change in Variable B causes change in Variable A?
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Question 4
Advantages of questionnaires include all of the following EXCEPT:
large numbers of people can be contacted for a relatively low cost.
data can be gathered from a large number of people in a relatively short period of time.
participants may feel more confident about their anonymity and therefore respond more honestly.
because questions are in written form, they are less likely to be misunderstood by respondents.
Question 5
Regarding the length of questionnaires to be used in survey research, which of the following statements is most accurate?
Including a large number of items on the survey assures that you will get useful data for all of your trouble.
Keeping the survey short makes it more likely people will be willing to complete it.
A relatively lengthy survey communicates your seriousness about the research endeavor so people will be more willing to complete it.
Shorter surveys produce data that are ambiguous and therefore not useful.
Question 6
Qualitative research often involves what’s known as an iterative process for data collection and analysis. This terminology refers to the fact that, in qualitative research:
researchers focus more on narrative data than on statistics and numbers.
researchers typically do not begin by stating a hypothesis.
researchers may collect and analyze data, then collect and analyze some more data.
researchers first ask open-ended questions and then follow up with probing questions.
Question 7
In this type of study design, a particular group of individuals is studied in depth over a defined period of time.
case study
ethnography
phenomenology
grounded theory
Question 8
In this type of study design, the researcher studies the deep meaning an event or situation holds for other people.
phenomenological
ethnography
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content an ...
Respond to at least two colleagues in one or more of the follo.docx
Respond
to at least
two
colleagues in one or more of the following ways:
Provide additional resources supporting your colleague’s posting.
Suggest resources your colleague might use to further his or her knowledge in a particular area.
Offer alternative viewpoints and insights on your colleague’s post.
Ask for clarification.
PERSON 1
For this week’s discussion on Data Analysis and Outcome Dissemination, I have chosen the topic of Ethics under qualitative data analysis and the topic of Subgroup Comparisons under quantitative data analysis as what I would like to develop further professionally. As Babbie (2016) states “researchers need both types of analysis to get a complete understanding of social science data.” I have found that research data analysis is very challenging not something of real interest to me even though it is an important part in obtaining data to be used when seeking funding. I would like to grow my knowledge in grant writing to secure funding for the programs in which I provide supports for. Creating a focus group at work will be a good way to gain insight from many different point of views which can enhance the way in which the grant proposal is submitted.
Ethics in qualitative data analysis is very important in data analysis in that as human services professionals we are going to be supporting individuals and families of several different backgrounds and cultures. As a result it will be important to maintain the privacy of those in which we are analyzing the data that has been collected from the research project that has been identified. It is crucial in that subjective judgements and biases are not introduced which can cause researchers to “see what they want to see” (Babbie 2016). The method in which I would use is to generalize the groups in which I was researching. Using an example from a prior job, rather than collecting data from our providers specifically from the different programs that are offered, they could all be placed under the same common umbrella “providers.” Upon completion, the results can then be broken into the different programs without identities being revealed. An annual satisfaction survey can be sent out to the providers seeking feedback on how to improve the program and recognize successes.
Subgroup Comparisons under quantitative data analysis can be used to get an idea as to how our supported individuals and families view a research project. Whether the study is broken down by age groups or cultural backgrounds may provide a large range of data analysis. Within the human/social services fields, there may be very different views as to certain issues that arise and research projects are designed to gather and interpret the data. For instance, older individuals and families may feel as though the services they are receiving are appropriate whereas younger individuals feel as though the services being provided fall short. Creating different surveys focusing on certain age groups using .
A4Step 4 in the Hybrid Frameworkmethod as noted may .docx
A
4
Step 4 in the Hybrid Framework
method as noted may relate to several steps depending on its implementation and the depth
of information to be collected. It does not solely live in one house. There is flexibility with
procedures being innovatively employed in a hybrid assessment. Placement is only
suggestive. Table 4.1 includes methods for assessing needs and identifying assets. (For some other
interesting methods, the reader is referred to Stevens and Ortega, 2011.)
Table 4.1 Step 4 in the Hybrid Framework
OVERVIEW
The group has decided to dig deeper into needs and assets/strengths simultaneously and has divided
into two small groups (with five or six people in each) for the tasks at hand. The best place to begin
is with the last activity at the end of Chapter 3. Look at Table 3.3 and the columns added for the
purpose of Step 4.
What do we know, what is missing, and what would we like to know? What new information
would be useful to collect? What questions might it answer? In what sources might it be located,
and how would we access them? What might be the expense (time, funds, people) of getting more
data? Are there inexpensive ways to do so? These are just a few questions to consider. They are
posed with the understanding that a lot is already known about needs and assets from earlier
activities. That is why Table 3.3 is so important. It shows what we have and don’t have. It may take
several meetings to formulate what the group feels is the best direction for in-depth understanding
of needs and assets.
STEP 4. THE NEEDS ASSESSMENT PART—LITERATURE/LOCAL
DOCUMENTATION
One thing that might be done is to return to the literature and local documentation that has been
reviewed. See what is there and find more in archives, at the library, or on the web. Does what we
now have tell us enough? Does it provide ideas about the causes of the needs and ways in which to
resolve them? If new sources are found and voluminous, scanning is appropriate. Read a few
completely to see if they offer anything unique (information is often similar). Note the procedures
used in them to obtain data. If surveys were done, what were the results? What were the items, and
who was surveyed? Are they available for use or adaptation to the current context? What were the
main topics, and how utilitarian were the findings? Were there any recommendations for what to do
the next time needs were to be ascertained? Were any special techniques employed such as
DACUM (Norton, 2011) in a business or industry setting or a Delphi survey (Hung, Altschuld, &
Lee, 2008) of a community or an organization? Overall, what was helpful, and were the results
insightful?
The web is a great resource. It was a large part of the author’s research for this book. He
queried it and reread his own materials in terms of asset/capacity building and needs assessment.
As time passed, his search expanded. Without such access (and the assistance of students and
co.
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It would take too long and cost too much money to test the qualityof every piece of cereal made at a factory. Instead, a small sample ofeach batch is tested.
Wouldn't it be great if we could ask everyone in the world their opinion on atopic? What if we could have every person take a psychological test of interest sowe can assemble the most accurate data? How can we make sure that we includeevery man, woman, child, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, class, religion,occupation, or other demographic of interest in any study we conduct? We wantto make sure that the data we collect is as good as we can get under the givencircumstances. Because we cannot include everyone of interest in a study, wemust make sure our sample, or the group of those who participate in our study, isas close to "looking" like the population, or the entire collection of people ofinterest, as possible.
Consider this example. You are doing a study on the differences between men andwomen regarding their ability to follow directions. If you collected data from allmales and all females in the world—which would be the entire population,because sex is our main variable of interest—you would get an extremely accurateresult. However, it would be unrealistic, time consuming, and costly to collect thisdata. You could, however, take a sample of males and females and study them. If you choose a good sample, the results of your study can yieldan accurate representation of the population.
Collecting a sample that closely resembles the population we are interested in is an important component of conducting research. Muchconsideration must be given to the individuals you want to choose for your sample and how to ensure that your sample represents thepopulation. By choosing a good sample, we can make certain assumptions about the population, just as if we had selected everyone in thatpopulation. This is the focus of sampling: to select an appropriate cross-section of the population that will accurately represent the entirepopulation.
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You will need to understand sample and population in a range of graduate courses, including those with a focus on psychological ororganizational assessment and testing, measurement, research methods, and statistics. In these courses you will need to be able to identify anddescribe the population of interest, how a sample was obtained, and the sampling methods used. These topics are important in understandinghow assessment or test results can be used or interpreted based on population norms, and how to conduct a study that does not suffer fromsampling biases or errors. In addition, having knowledge and s ...
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Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
Abstract
Purpose – Nonexperimental research, defined as any kind of quantitative or qualitative research that
is not an experiment, is the predominate kind of research design used in the social sciences. How to
unambiguously and correctly present the results of nonexperimental research, however, remains
decidedly unclear and possibly detrimental to applied disciplines such as human resource development.
To clarify issues about the accurate reporting and generalization of nonexperimental research results,
this paper aims to present information about the relative strength of research designs, followed by the
strengths and weaknesses of nonexperimental research. Further, some possible ways to more precisely
report nonexperimental findings without using causal language are explored. Next, the researcher takes
the position that the results of nonexperimental research can be used cautiously, yet appropriately, for
making practice recommendations. Finally, some closing thoughts about nonexperimental research
and the appropriate use of causal language are presented.
Design/methodology/approach – A review of the extant social science literature was consulted to
inform this paper.
Findings – Nonexperimental research, when reported accurately, makes a tremendous contribution
because it can be used for conducting research when experimentation is not feasible or desired. It can be
used also to make tentative recommendations for practice.
Originality/value – This article presents useful means to more accurately report nonexperimental
findings through avoiding causal language. Ways to link nonexperimental results to making practice
recommendations are explored.
Keywords Research design, Experimental design, Causal inference, Nonexperimental,
Social science research, Triangulation
Paper type Conceptual paper
The call for cutting-edge research to meet individual, group and societal needs around
the world has never seemed more urgent. As social science researchers, this need seems
particularly acute in the field of human resource development (HRD). HRD researchers
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professionals need to better understand how to foster learning and development
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program) to strong (e.g. pressing need for cross-cultural training for expatriate
managers in an important new geographic region). These better understandings will
contribute to organizational efforts to attain and sustain competitive advantage through
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Topic 5 DQ 2Nov 3-7, 2022Imagine once again that you are an au.docx
Topic 5 DQ 2
Nov 3-7, 2022
Imagine once again that you are an automobile manufacturing executive tasked with increasing sales in your state. You wish to do a qualitative study to obtain the perspective of sales personnel regarding an incentive program you implemented at few dealerships that quantitatively proved to be successful. The three sources of data for your case study are individual semi-structured interviews, archival documents, and field observations. What are the most significant strengths and weaknesses of the methods for collecting data from these data sources? Why are these significant? What skills are needed to collect the data effectively? Explain. What concerns do you have about the feasibility of implementing these methods of data collection for this study? Explain.
One student already answered the below answer
Use this students answer below to make sure your answer sounds similar
STUDENT ANSWER- In the scenario for the automobile manufacturing company and the perspective of the sales personnel using the semi-structured interview, field observations, and archival documents would have positives and negatives. The semi-structured interview provides an opportunity for in-depth, open-ended questions (Steffes & Jacobs, 2021). The researcher can stray from the established questions, which allows for follow-up questions. A weakness might be the time it takes to interview all the participants, conduct the interview, and the researcher's bias. Field observations can not be recorded as they occur and rely on the researcher's memory. The researcher needs to record the evidence quickly after the event (Steffes & Jacobs, 2021). Finally, archival documents need approval before they are used. For our scenario, looking at companies implementing an incentive program would benefit the research. The data will provide a rich description of the participants. The researcher must be familiar with the research but not provide bias when conducting the research. Some considerations need to be made when collecting data. Modality, time of the interview, if they are recorded, and sharing the purpose of the interview must be disclosed to those participating in the research. Concerns about the feasibility would be money, time, and the number of participants.
Resources:
Steffes, D. & Jacobs, J. (2021). Introduction to sampling, data collection, and data analysis. In Grand Canyon University (Ed.), GCU doctoral research: Foundations and Theories.
https://lc.gcumedia.com/webbooks/gcu-doctoral-research-introduction-to-sampling-data-collection-and-data-analysis/v1.1/#/chapter/6
Student responses
Original Question-
Topic 5 DQ 1
Think again of the study on the influence of high school principals’ leadership styles and academic achievement in their schools in your state. The sources of data must be aligned with the research questions and study design, and they must be feasible for administration of the study. Identify five different qu.
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Of the following research topics, which is most likely to be an observational study?
The relationship between hours of exercise and sleep.
The difference in minutes a day exercising between boys and girls.
The types of exercise students engage in after school.
Students’ feelings about after-school track practice.
Question 2
Correlational research allows the researcher to answer questions such as:
what is the relationship between Variable A and Variable B?
does change in Variable A cause change in Variable B?
is there a significant difference between scores on Variable A and scores on Variable B?
does change in Variable B causes change in Variable A?
Question 3
Which of the following is an example of a good research question for a correlational study?
What are the attitudes of the parents about our districts new homework policy?
Is there a relationship between student achievement and homework completion?
Are there differences in parent attitudes about homework between mothers and fathers?
How much homework does the average fifth grade teacher in our district assign?
Question 4
Advantages of questionnaires include all of the following EXCEPT:
large numbers of people can be contacted for a relatively low cost.
data can be gathered from a large number of people in a relatively short period of time.
participants may feel more confident about their anonymity and therefore respond more honestly.
because questions are in written form, they are less likely to be misunderstood by respondents.
Question 5
Regarding the length of questionnaires to be used in survey research, which of the following statements is most accurate?
Including a large number of items on the survey assures that you will get useful data for all of your trouble.
Keeping the survey short makes it more likely people will be willing to complete it.
A relatively lengthy survey communicates your seriousness about the research endeavor so people will be more willing to complete it.
Shorter surveys produce data that are ambiguous and therefore not useful.
Question 6
Qualitative research often involves what’s known as an iterative process for data collection and analysis. This terminology refers to the fact that, in qualitative research:
researchers focus more on narrative data than on statistics and numbers.
researchers typically do not begin by stating a hypothesis.
researchers may collect and analyze data, then collect and analyze some more data.
researchers first ask open-ended questions and then follow up with probing questions.
Question 7
In this type of study design, a particular group of individuals is studied in depth over a defined period of time.
case study
ethnography
phenomenology
grounded theory
Question 8
In this type of study design, the researcher studies the deep meaning an event or situation holds for other people.
phenomenological
ethnography
grounded theory
content an ...
Respond to at least two colleagues in one or more of the follo.docx
Respond
to at least
two
colleagues in one or more of the following ways:
Provide additional resources supporting your colleague’s posting.
Suggest resources your colleague might use to further his or her knowledge in a particular area.
Offer alternative viewpoints and insights on your colleague’s post.
Ask for clarification.
PERSON 1
For this week’s discussion on Data Analysis and Outcome Dissemination, I have chosen the topic of Ethics under qualitative data analysis and the topic of Subgroup Comparisons under quantitative data analysis as what I would like to develop further professionally. As Babbie (2016) states “researchers need both types of analysis to get a complete understanding of social science data.” I have found that research data analysis is very challenging not something of real interest to me even though it is an important part in obtaining data to be used when seeking funding. I would like to grow my knowledge in grant writing to secure funding for the programs in which I provide supports for. Creating a focus group at work will be a good way to gain insight from many different point of views which can enhance the way in which the grant proposal is submitted.
Ethics in qualitative data analysis is very important in data analysis in that as human services professionals we are going to be supporting individuals and families of several different backgrounds and cultures. As a result it will be important to maintain the privacy of those in which we are analyzing the data that has been collected from the research project that has been identified. It is crucial in that subjective judgements and biases are not introduced which can cause researchers to “see what they want to see” (Babbie 2016). The method in which I would use is to generalize the groups in which I was researching. Using an example from a prior job, rather than collecting data from our providers specifically from the different programs that are offered, they could all be placed under the same common umbrella “providers.” Upon completion, the results can then be broken into the different programs without identities being revealed. An annual satisfaction survey can be sent out to the providers seeking feedback on how to improve the program and recognize successes.
Subgroup Comparisons under quantitative data analysis can be used to get an idea as to how our supported individuals and families view a research project. Whether the study is broken down by age groups or cultural backgrounds may provide a large range of data analysis. Within the human/social services fields, there may be very different views as to certain issues that arise and research projects are designed to gather and interpret the data. For instance, older individuals and families may feel as though the services they are receiving are appropriate whereas younger individuals feel as though the services being provided fall short. Creating different surveys focusing on certain age groups using .
A4Step 4 in the Hybrid Frameworkmethod as noted may .docx
A
4
Step 4 in the Hybrid Framework
method as noted may relate to several steps depending on its implementation and the depth
of information to be collected. It does not solely live in one house. There is flexibility with
procedures being innovatively employed in a hybrid assessment. Placement is only
suggestive. Table 4.1 includes methods for assessing needs and identifying assets. (For some other
interesting methods, the reader is referred to Stevens and Ortega, 2011.)
Table 4.1 Step 4 in the Hybrid Framework
OVERVIEW
The group has decided to dig deeper into needs and assets/strengths simultaneously and has divided
into two small groups (with five or six people in each) for the tasks at hand. The best place to begin
is with the last activity at the end of Chapter 3. Look at Table 3.3 and the columns added for the
purpose of Step 4.
What do we know, what is missing, and what would we like to know? What new information
would be useful to collect? What questions might it answer? In what sources might it be located,
and how would we access them? What might be the expense (time, funds, people) of getting more
data? Are there inexpensive ways to do so? These are just a few questions to consider. They are
posed with the understanding that a lot is already known about needs and assets from earlier
activities. That is why Table 3.3 is so important. It shows what we have and don’t have. It may take
several meetings to formulate what the group feels is the best direction for in-depth understanding
of needs and assets.
STEP 4. THE NEEDS ASSESSMENT PART—LITERATURE/LOCAL
DOCUMENTATION
One thing that might be done is to return to the literature and local documentation that has been
reviewed. See what is there and find more in archives, at the library, or on the web. Does what we
now have tell us enough? Does it provide ideas about the causes of the needs and ways in which to
resolve them? If new sources are found and voluminous, scanning is appropriate. Read a few
completely to see if they offer anything unique (information is often similar). Note the procedures
used in them to obtain data. If surveys were done, what were the results? What were the items, and
who was surveyed? Are they available for use or adaptation to the current context? What were the
main topics, and how utilitarian were the findings? Were there any recommendations for what to do
the next time needs were to be ascertained? Were any special techniques employed such as
DACUM (Norton, 2011) in a business or industry setting or a Delphi survey (Hung, Altschuld, &
Lee, 2008) of a community or an organization? Overall, what was helpful, and were the results
insightful?
The web is a great resource. It was a large part of the author’s research for this book. He
queried it and reread his own materials in terms of asset/capacity building and needs assessment.
As time passed, his search expanded. Without such access (and the assistance of students and
co.
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- 1. Preliminary Results Measuring Motivation Activation in a Virtual World June 14, 2011 Mark W. Bell Annie Lang
- 15. Results 18-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 > 55 25.3 29.3 32.9 6.0 6.5 Male Female 35.1 64.9 Asian Black Hispanic White Other Skip 8.7 7.9 12.5 27.7 14.7 28.5
- 16. Findings - ASA
- 17. Findings - DSA
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- 21. Univariate Analysis of Variance Gender p<.001
- 27. Mark W. Bell [email_address] June 14, 2011 Customize footer: View menu/Header and Footer