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Nijmegen republiek ww2 engelsen
The document provides a history of Nijmegen, Netherlands from Roman times to present day. It discusses how Nijmegen was an important Roman settlement and was visited by Charlemagne in the 8th century. It then covers the Dutch struggle for independence from Spain in the 16th century and how Nijmegen was involved in the 80 Years War. The document also summarizes the devastating impact of World War 2 on Nijmegen, including the accidental bombing by US planes in 1944 that killed 800 people, and the later capture of the Nijmegen bridge during Operation Market Garden. In total, 2,200 civilians were killed in Nijmegen during WWII with 10,000 injured and 5,
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Nijmegen republiek ww2 engelsen
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- 7. History of Nijmegen •Roman Age
- 8. History of Nijmegen •Roman Age • Middle Ages to 19th century
- 9. History of Nijmegen •Roman Age • Middle Ages to 19th century • WWII : the mistake bombardment
- 10. History of Nijmegen •Roman Age • Middle Ages to 19th century • WWII : the mistake bombardment • WWII: market garden
- 11. History of Nijmegen •Roman Age • Middle Ages to 19th century • WWII : the mistake bombardment • WWII: market garden • The present age
- 12. Nijmegen • One ofthe Dutch towns that claims to be the oldest in the Netherlands! • Celebrated 2000th anniversary in 2005
- 13. The Roman Empire’sNorthern border The “Limes”, 57 BC - 400 AD
- 14. The “Limes” wentclose by Nijmegen
- 15. so the Romanarmy set up camp here
- 16. called Oppidum (later:Ulpia) Noviomagus Batavorum or: stronghold on a hill called New Field close the Bataves
- 17. Valkhof Castle Around 777,Charlemagne set up a castle here, called Valkhof, where he at least once visited
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- 19. Charlemagne •The first Kingto re-unite Europe
- 20. Charlemagne •The first Kingto re-unite Europe •Was crowned “emperor” for defending the Pope in Rome
- 21. Charlemagne •The first Kingto re-unite Europe •Was crowned “emperor” for defending the Pope in Rome •Incredibly famous crown!
- 22. Charlemagne •The first Kingto re-unite Europe •Was crowned “emperor” for defending the Pope in Rome •Incredibly famous crown! •(not this one)
- 23. right crown shownhere,
- 24. right crown shownhere,
- 25. right crown shownhere,
- 26. •until 1797 ,theValkhof had a remarkable tower, the DonJon •built by Frederick Barbarossa, a great emperor of the 12th century
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- 28. The people ofNijmegen would like to have this tower rebuilt, but the Dutch government insists on very high technical and easthetical standards
- 29. Nijmegen, a thousandyears later:1530
- 30. The Dutch strugglefor independence
- 33. Philip II, kingof Spain
- 34. Philip II, kingof Spain
- 35. William of Orange Philip II, king of Spain
- 37. William of Orange: Freedomfor the provinces Freedom of religion
- 38. William of Orange: Philip II, king of Spain: Freedom for the provinces Unity in huge empire Freedom of religion also unity of catolic religion
- 39. in 1566, aniconoclasm starts
- 40. in 1566, aniconoclasm starts
- 43. The Duke ofAlva is sent in to crush the rebellion with brute force
- 44. The Duke ofAlva is sent in to crush the rebellion with brute force
- 45. The Duke ofAlva is sent in to crush the rebellion with brute force
- 46. The Duke ofAlva is sent in to crush the rebellion with brute force which leads to more resistance....
- 47. an 80 yearswar breaks out Nijmegen is also involved...
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- 49. Nijmegen under siegein the 80 years war, 1591 The city was in Spanish hands
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- 52. Prince Maurice of Orangewon, since then Nijmegen really became a Dutch city
- 54. • meanwhile, a golden century had already broken out in the West
- 55. • meanwhile, a golden century had already broken out in the West • famous for all those paintings...
- 56. • meanwhile, a golden century had already broken out in the West • famous for all those paintings... like Vermeer....
- 57. • meanwhile, a golden century had already broken out in the West • famous for all those paintings... like Vermeer....
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- 64. And a wholelot of scientists and other people.... The Dutch wealth was based on international trade. In 1648, The United Provinces offcially became an independent Republic, which they had been unofficialy already since 1579
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- 67. •By The Way....... •Oneof the outposts of this Republic was New Amsterdam, bought for 60 guilders from some indians
- 68. •By The Way....... •Oneof the outposts of this Republic was New Amsterdam, bought for 60 guilders from some indians •Presently known as....
- 69. •By The Way....... •Oneof the outposts of this Republic was New Amsterdam, bought for 60 guilders from some indians •Presently known as....
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- 71. In 1873, thecity literally burst out its walls, they were demolished. expansion begun and has not ended till today!
- 72. expansion of Nijmegen,500 - 2025
- 73. Any questions sofar?
- 74. WW II and itseffects on Nijmegen
- 75. WW II inNL
- 76. WW II inNL • German invasion may 10,1940
- 77. WW II inNL • German invasion may 10,1940 • first 4 years relative quiet: Dutch “accomodated” to occupation
- 78. WW II inNL • German invasion may 10,1940 • first 4 years relative quiet: Dutch “accomodated” to occupation • jewish population largely “removed”
- 79. WW II inNL • German invasion may 10,1940 • first 4 years relative quiet: Dutch “accomodated” to occupation • jewish population largely “removed” • end may 5, 1945
- 80. February 22, 1944 •American bombers bomb the 2000+ year old inner city of Nijmgen
- 81. feb 22, 1944 13:30 13:31
- 82. feb 22, 1944 13:30 13:31
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- 84. A Mistake... • The bombing squad is called back: bad weather in England! The crew sees good weather. Discussion between officers ensues: false German message?
- 85. A Mistake... • The bombing squad is called back: bad weather in England! The crew sees good weather. Discussion between officers ensues: false German message? • while turning, crew looks for a target of opportunity: the train station and shunting yards of some German city
- 86. A Mistake... • The bombing squad is called back: bad weather in England! The crew sees good weather. Discussion between officers ensues: false German message? • while turning, crew looks for a target of opportunity: the train station and shunting yards of some German city • there is not enough time to aim accurately, bombs fall all over city centre
- 87. A Mistake... • The bombing squad is called back: bad weather in England! The crew sees good weather. Discussion between officers ensues: false German message? • while turning, crew looks for a target of opportunity: the train station and shunting yards of some German city • there is not enough time to aim accurately, bombs fall all over city centre • All this time, crew is not aware they are flying above Netherlands
- 88. the crew ofone of the bombers
- 89. American reconstruction ofwhat happened
- 90. the first explosionsin the inner city
- 91. St. Stephens church
- 92. St. Stephens church
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- 95. station area hitby fragmentation boms
- 99. 800 dead, thousandsinjured
- 100. 800 dead, thousandsinjured 1300 houses destroyed
- 102. part of thedevastated inner city
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- 105. Operation Market Garden •Commences sep 17, 1944. Aim: capture all bridges over Rhine and its branches by airborne US, Canadian and British forces
- 106. Operation Market Garden •Commences sep 17, 1944. Aim: capture all bridges over Rhine and its branches by airborne US, Canadian and British forces • On the run, Germans set fire to remains of inner city, including the town hall
- 107. Operation Market Garden •Commences sep 17, 1944. Aim: capture all bridges over Rhine and its branches by airborne US, Canadian and British forces • On the run, Germans set fire to remains of inner city, including the town hall • after sep 20, German shelling of Nijmegen continues for 6 months.
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- 109. One Bridge toofar • Arnhem is “a bridge too far”, British cannot hold the bridge,
- 110. One Bridge toofar • Arnhem is “a bridge too far”, British cannot hold the bridge, • German forces much stronger than anticipated
- 111. One Bridge toofar • Arnhem is “a bridge too far”, British cannot hold the bridge, • German forces much stronger than anticipated • Area between Arnhem and Nijmegen becomes frontline zone: inundated!
- 112. One Bridge toofar • Arnhem is “a bridge too far”, British cannot hold the bridge, • German forces much stronger than anticipated • Area between Arnhem and Nijmegen becomes frontline zone: inundated! • War in Europe lasts 6 months longer.
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- 114. General James Gavin •The “Jumping General”
- 115. General James Gavin •The “Jumping General” • Succeeded in capturing Nijmegen Bridge
- 116. General James Gavin •The “Jumping General” • Succeeded in capturing Nijmegen Bridge •Let’s see how.....
- 119. Total WW IItoll in Nijmegen
- 120. Total WW IItoll in Nijmegen • 2.200 civilians dead
- 121. Total WW IItoll in Nijmegen • 2.200 civilians dead • 10.000 injured
- 122. Total WW IItoll in Nijmegen • 2.200 civilians dead • 10.000 injured • 5.000 homes destroyed
- 123. Total WW IItoll in Nijmegen • 2.200 civilians dead • 10.000 injured • 5.000 homes destroyed • 12.000 people homeless
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- 128. Reconstruction took quite some time, Quitea few parts of the inner city have been parking lots for some years....
- 129. Reconstruction took quite some time, Quitea few parts of the inner city have been parking lots for some years....
- 130. One area wasnot rebuilt, but made into a large city square (and parking lot): Plein 1944 This square will start its Second Life later this year!
- 131. Well, that’s aboutit Have a nice stay in Nijmegen!
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