Challenges continue to accumulate on the international scene: health crisis, exacerbation of the Sino-American rivalry, tensions in Asia, affirmation of a significant threat of war, ecological and climatic imperatives, explosion of the world population, increase in inequalities and exclusion, uprooting of human beings fleeing persecution, conflict and violence. A new foreign policy is needed, both in the West and in Europe. It is essential to define a modern doctrine, an innovative conceptual whole, while determining in this context, real solutions. Dead ends are multiplying for Western influence, which is no longer able to trigger a creative moment.
This year, we decided to focus more on the situation in Ukraine. Accordingly, much attention was paid to the positions of internal actors in the political process. The development of the situation in Ukraine in 2017 fully fit into the plan as stated in our “Forecast for 2017.” We predicted that in 2017 among three scenarios (stable, controlled destabilisation, uncontrolled destabilisation), the second scenario will be the norm. It has several sub-options at the outset:
a) Two options of early elections to the Verkhovna Rada;
b) mass protests aiming at provoking early elections;
c) an attempted coup d’état that could be staged by either Petro Poroshenko via martial law or by one of his adversaries (for example, Kolomoisky).
It is obvious that attempts to provoke early elections failed, but limited protests became a trend in autumn 2017. Firstly, we consider the street force variant as a slim probability.
So, let’s sum up the results of 2017 in Ukrainian politics, outlining key processes, players and factors that will influence the events of 2018. To begin with, let’s analyse the positions of the main players, with the help of which we will reveal the key storylines in Ukrainian politics.
International relations as a practice of interaction among states, and among state and non-state actors are thousands of years old
However, International Relations (IR) as an academic discipline studying these relations emerged as a specialized field after WW1.
Like every other academic discipline, International Relations (IR) has developed its own distinctive subject matter since its emergence
This presentation explains the scope and the subject matter of IR with the help of its five pillars- Aim, Actors, Agenda, Arena, and Actions
Presentation on Book "Politics Among Nations" by Hans J. MorgenthauUroojilyas3
This Presentation is on the Book by Hans J. Morgenthau, known as Politics Among Nations.
This Presentation tells about a Chapter wise review and Summary of every chapter.
This book talks about the Elements of Power for a Country.
Open letter to the President of the Strasbourg UniversityFlorian Brunner
On behalf of Association of the International Researchers of Strasbourg (StrasAIR) along with SPB, Europe&Democracy, Addal and Dehspus and we express solidarity with the people of Ukraine and deprecate Russia’s military assault on Ukraine. We stand with all the people of Ukraine and Russia who oppose this war. These are unprecedent times our democratic way and moral principles are being threatened.
As joint Associations we are concerned about the lives and the well-being of Ukrainian academics and students and we would like to propose certain initiatives that can be organized at the Strasbourg University.
Les défis ne cessent de s’accumuler sur la scène internationale : crise sanitaire, exacerbation de la rivalité sino-américaine, tensions en Asie, affirmation d’une importante menace de guerre, impératifs écologiques et climatiques, explosion de la population mondiale, accroissement des inégalités comme de l’exclusion, déracinement d’êtres humains qui fuient les persécutions, les conflits et les violences. Une nouvelle politique étrangère est nécessaire, en Occident comme en Europe. Il est essentiel de définir une doctrine moderne, un ensemble conceptuel innovant, tout en déterminant dans ce cadre, des solutions réelles. Les impasses se multiplient pour l’influence occidentale, qui n’est plus en capacité d’enclencher un moment créateur.
This year, we decided to focus more on the situation in Ukraine. Accordingly, much attention was paid to the positions of internal actors in the political process. The development of the situation in Ukraine in 2017 fully fit into the plan as stated in our “Forecast for 2017.” We predicted that in 2017 among three scenarios (stable, controlled destabilisation, uncontrolled destabilisation), the second scenario will be the norm. It has several sub-options at the outset:
a) Two options of early elections to the Verkhovna Rada;
b) mass protests aiming at provoking early elections;
c) an attempted coup d’état that could be staged by either Petro Poroshenko via martial law or by one of his adversaries (for example, Kolomoisky).
It is obvious that attempts to provoke early elections failed, but limited protests became a trend in autumn 2017. Firstly, we consider the street force variant as a slim probability.
So, let’s sum up the results of 2017 in Ukrainian politics, outlining key processes, players and factors that will influence the events of 2018. To begin with, let’s analyse the positions of the main players, with the help of which we will reveal the key storylines in Ukrainian politics.
International relations as a practice of interaction among states, and among state and non-state actors are thousands of years old
However, International Relations (IR) as an academic discipline studying these relations emerged as a specialized field after WW1.
Like every other academic discipline, International Relations (IR) has developed its own distinctive subject matter since its emergence
This presentation explains the scope and the subject matter of IR with the help of its five pillars- Aim, Actors, Agenda, Arena, and Actions
Presentation on Book "Politics Among Nations" by Hans J. MorgenthauUroojilyas3
This Presentation is on the Book by Hans J. Morgenthau, known as Politics Among Nations.
This Presentation tells about a Chapter wise review and Summary of every chapter.
This book talks about the Elements of Power for a Country.
Open letter to the President of the Strasbourg UniversityFlorian Brunner
On behalf of Association of the International Researchers of Strasbourg (StrasAIR) along with SPB, Europe&Democracy, Addal and Dehspus and we express solidarity with the people of Ukraine and deprecate Russia’s military assault on Ukraine. We stand with all the people of Ukraine and Russia who oppose this war. These are unprecedent times our democratic way and moral principles are being threatened.
As joint Associations we are concerned about the lives and the well-being of Ukrainian academics and students and we would like to propose certain initiatives that can be organized at the Strasbourg University.
Les défis ne cessent de s’accumuler sur la scène internationale : crise sanitaire, exacerbation de la rivalité sino-américaine, tensions en Asie, affirmation d’une importante menace de guerre, impératifs écologiques et climatiques, explosion de la population mondiale, accroissement des inégalités comme de l’exclusion, déracinement d’êtres humains qui fuient les persécutions, les conflits et les violences. Une nouvelle politique étrangère est nécessaire, en Occident comme en Europe. Il est essentiel de définir une doctrine moderne, un ensemble conceptuel innovant, tout en déterminant dans ce cadre, des solutions réelles. Les impasses se multiplient pour l’influence occidentale, qui n’est plus en capacité d’enclencher un moment créateur.
Les Démocrates Certifiés : un collectif pour rénover la démocratie Florian Brunner
Nous voulons participer à la refondation d’un idéal démocratique, autour d’idées fortes et de responsables exemplaires. Nous souhaitons redonner la parole aux citoyens et construire un projet, au service des individus et de la société.
Donald Trump porte une doctrine de politique étrangère, consistant à accentuer le hard power et à le faire évoluer vers une forme plus extrême, le Great Hard Power. Cette nouvelle approche des Relations Internationales, se heurte à une absence d’efficacité et d’aboutissements opérationnels.
Appel des associations pour que Strasbourg accueille la Conférence sur l’aven...Florian Brunner
Nous, associations européennes strasbourgeoises, regrettons l’annulation des sessions du Parlement européen à Strasbourg depuis le mois de mars 2020. Conformément à la lettre des traités et à la vocation européenne historique de notre ville, Strasbourg est, et doit rester le siège du Parlement européen, le lieu de ses sessions plénières ordinaires, le cœur de la démocratie européenne à l’œuvre.
Nicolas Sarkozy, Président de la République française de 2007 à 2012, est régulièrement au cœur de l’actualité, par la publication d’une série de livres relatant sa vie politique et son exercice du pouvoir. A cette occasion, nous pouvons analyser les éléments structurants de sa politique étrangère et la manière dont ils ont organisé une tentative néo-conservatrice française, qui rapproche solidement, même si il subsiste certaines nuances, son concepteur de la réalité politique portée aujourd’hui par Donald Trump.
Europe et Démocratie: Rapport Triennal 2017-2020Florian Brunner
À l’occasion de la publication de son Rapport Triennal, le Think Tank "Europe et Démocratie" revient sur les moments forts, de la période 2017-2020.
« La dynamique du Think Tank "Europe et Démocratie" démontre l’efficacité de notre stratégie, fondée sur une vision de long terme et poursuivie avec résolution. Nos performances sont réelles et malgré des circonstances exceptionnelles, nous avons affirmé notre résilience et notre constance » déclare Florian Brunner, Président-Fondateur du Think Tank "Europe et Démocratie", en préambule du Rapport Triennal 2017-2020. La publication du Rapport Triennal 2017-2020 est l’occasion pour le Think Tank de retracer son histoire depuis sa fondation en 2017, de revenir sur les temps marquants de ses trois premières années d’activité, qui ont été caractérisées par la réalisation de multiples Conférences, réunions publiques et Séminaires.
Le Think Tank "Europe et Démocratie" a confirmé une valeur collective unique, qui concourt encore aujourd’hui à renforcer son attraction et son importance, pour s’affirmer dans le contexte d’une crise sanitaire sans précédent, alors que l’organisation lance pour les trois prochaines années, une série de chantiers, qui étendront durablement ses activités.
Plan pour la paix: Pour un renouveau des relations internationalesFlorian Brunner
Dans son Appel du 18 Juin 1940, le Général De Gaulle avait lancé cette affirmation restée légendaire : « Quoi qu'il arrive, la flamme de la résistance française ne doit pas s'éteindre et ne s'éteindra pas. ». Nous devons aujourd’hui continuer à porter cette flamme, à défendre la paix et la liberté, dans un monde ébranlé et mouvant. Après 1945, nous avons créé en Europe, les conditions d’une stabilité durable. Le Prix Nobel de la Paix 2012 avait récompensé l’Union européenne, qui avait su favoriser la construction d’un espace uni et apaisé. Mais si nous avons su associer les peuples européens, nous manquons désormais de résolution pour enrayer le cycle terrible des guerres. Nous devons être portés, par une nouvelle ambition pour la paix. Notre vocation n’est pas de nous aligner, mais d’agir en toute indépendance, au service d’une vision partagée. Alors que le monde semble se perdre, dans une logique de conflits incessants, dont les ficelles sont tirées par des acteurs influents et empressés. Alors que de grands empires activent tous leurs leviers d’influence et d’action, dans une course machinale à la puissance. Alors que l’aventurisme généralisé, paralyse l’expression des intelligences et la recherche d’un véritable sens. Il est temps que la France assume son rôle et son message. Il est temps que l’Union européenne se dote des moyens nécessaires à la conduite d’une véritable action universelle. Il faut une Europe politique, qui s’affirme sur la scène internationale. Il n’y a que l’Europe pour devenir le point d’équilibre d’un nouvel ordre mondial. La France a un rôle déterminant à jouer, dans la construction d’une nouvelle architecture européenne. Elle a aussi une place qui compte dans les relations internationales. C’est à la France et à l’Europe de se remettre en mouvement, pour faire bouger les lignes. Reprendre l’initiative, ouvrir le dialogue, être une force motrice pour l’instauration de la paix. Voilà ce doivent être nos résolutions. Nous ne pouvons plus rester figés dans des schémas dépassés, nous devons recouvrer notre capacité à inventer et à innover. Retrouvons le sens de l’Histoire et portons une véritable vision, au service de la paix et de la réconciliation.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
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role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
4. 2
FLORIAN BRUNNER
PhD student in Political Science/International Relations
President-Founder of the Think Tank Europe & Democracy
Program Director
Florian Brunner is a PhD student in Political
Science/International Relations and is writing a thesis on The
political role of the High Representative, during the mandate of
Federica Mogherini, within the institutions of the European Union,
under the supervision of Michel Mangenot (Paris VIII), Director
of the Institute of European Studies (IEE), Secretary General of
the French Association of Political Science (AFSP).
As part of his doctoral training, Florian Brunner conducts a work
of expertise and analysis, but also an empirical approach. The
construction of the EU's foreign policy, from the European
Security Strategy of 2003 to the Global Strategy of the Union of
2016, is the main focus of his research. The issues of strategic
autonomy, the progress of a European Defense, hard and soft
power, conflict management, Euro-American relations are
studied in particular. In this context, the French Presidency of the
Council of the European Union is proving to be a fundamental
moment.
5. 3
Florian Brunner conducts numerous interviews with high-level
actors in the diplomacy of the Union, Western, Central and
Eastern Europe. It is in direct contact with the decision-makers,
officials and teams that develop and carry out European foreign
policy. Florian Brunner is therefore in a unique position, which
leads him to conduct rich exchanges, to address the main projects
in progress, as well as to carry out a process of intense reflection
on the reality of the Union's international action in the twenty-
first century. Florian Brunner has also established strong
connections with leading European Think Tanks.
6. 4
NEW FOREIGN
POLICY
06 Define a modern doctrine
07 The powerlessness of the West
08 Conduct a conceptual and empirical
refoundation
09 Create the foreign policy of the twenty-
first century
10 Strategic creativity beyond limits, at the
hearth of the Union’s international action
8. NEW FOREIGN POLICY 2022-2024
6
DEFINE A MODERN DOCTRINE
THE CHALLENGES CONTINUE TO
ACCUMULATE ON THE INTERNATIONAL
SCENE: HEALTH CRISIS, EXACERBATION OF
SINO-AMERICAN RIVALRY, TENSIONS IN
ASIA, AFFIRMATION OF A SIGNIFICANT
THREAT OF WAR, ECOLOGICAL AND
CLIMATIC IMPERATIVES, EXPLOSION OF THE
WORLD POPULATION, INCREASE IN
INEQUALITY AS WELL AS EXCLUSION,
ROOTING OF HUMAN BEINGS FLEEING
PERSECUTION, CONFLICTS AND VIOLENCE. A
NEW FOREIGN POLICY IS NEEDED, BOTH IN
THE WEST AND IN EUROPE. IT IS ESSENTIAL
TO DEFINE A MODERN DOCTRINE, AN
INNOVATIVE CONCEPTUAL WHOLE, WHILE
DETERMINING IN THIS CONTEXT, REAL
SOLUTIONS. DEAD ENDS ARE MULTIPLYING
FOR WESTERN INFLUENCE, WHICH IS NO
LONGER ABLE TO TRIGGER A CREATIVE
MOMENT.
9. NEW FOREIGN POLICY 2022-2024
7
THE POWERLESSNESS OF THE WEST
Since the fall of the USSR, the United States and the European
Union, after an excessively optimistic sequence, have shifted into
the geopolitical realities of the early twenty-first century and
have had to face increasingly deployed and diversified threats.
Westerners have been forced to confront terrorism, the assertion
of authoritarian powers, the environmental emergency, as well
as the considerable impact of the health crisis. The Western
world has extracted itself from the illusion of an irrevocable
victory of Wilsonian idealism, from the advent of a definitive and
perpetual Kantian peace signifying the end of History, to plunge
back into the violence of ideological and identity conflicts, into
the inexorable reaffirmation of power rivalries. The planetary
configuration remains frozen in the stagnation of the
powerlessness of foreign policies, which cancel each other out,
without any creative force succeeding in generating itself,
imposing itself and transforming the institutional, economic,
social and political realities that govern International Relations.
The status quo of strategic desolation reigns. A major project is
essential to determine the necessary achievements and avoid
collateral breaks. Neoconservative theses have dragged the
United States into major strategic routs. There are no longer
strong geopolitical doctrines, such as the Truman, De Gaulle or
Nixon/Kissinger doctrines. The United Nations remains stuck in
an organization that cannot reform itself. NATO monopolizes
Western and especially European thinking, without new
institutions being considered and established. The transatlantic
relationship is being exhausted and no new dynamics are
emerging. On 12 November 2021, the High Representative of the
Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Josep Borrell,
issued a very direct warning: “Our overall threat analysis shows
clearly that Europe is in danger. The EU risks what I have called a
'strategic shrinkage'." Strategic and diplomatic creativity seems
to have died out in western space since the end of the Cold War.
10. NEW FOREIGN POLICY 2022-2024
8
CONDUCT A CONCEPTUAL AND EMPIRICAL
REFOUNDATION
Peace and humanity are in peril. Our goal is to design new ideas,
to propose new actions and operating processes, in order to
respond to a dazzling mutation in International Relations. Noting
the conceptual vacuum of the Western political space, we wish to
revitalize strategic thinking and carry out a project, devoted to
the efficiency of foreign policy, to the foundation of a creative
power, capable of transforming reality and finally organizing an
egalitarian, sustainable and peaceful future for all humanity. In
the particularly unstable and demanding context that is required
at the heart of International Relations, this work is essential
today, if we want to avoid strategic mistakes, out-of-control
situations and the return of large-scale wars. A conceptual and
empirical refoundation is therefore essential, if we are driven by
the resolution to prevent the explosion of Western cohesion, the
weakening of our model and our vital interests, the aggravation
of threats in the Middle East, as well as the deflagrative outcome
of Sino-American pressures. The History of International
Relations can help us, as demonstrated by the works of the
theorist and practitioner Henry Kissinger, but the parameters
have been extremely fluid since the end of the Cold War and
require solidity such as flexibility of analysis and a real capacity
for innovation. Joseph Nye modernized the thinking of
International Relations, including the development of soft power.
Today, most of the conceptual innovations come from the United
States and we are only debating around American concepts. It is
time to bring out a new European expertise. We have ample
means to do so.
11. 9
CREATE FOREIGN POLICY
OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
OUR PRIORITIES FOR GENRATING
A NEW
INTERNATIONAL CREATIVITY
1.
⎯
A STABILIZATION OF
INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS
Avoid world war III,
forge peace,
renew international institutions.
2.
⎯
A REINFORCEMENT
OF SUPRANATIONAL
REALITY
Refond Western power,
accomplishing a new
supranational dynamic.
3.
⎯
A STRONG PROTECTION
OF HUMANITY
AND THE WORLD
Overcoming hegemony, building
equality,
to build a sustainable planet.
4.
⎯
A EUROPEAN
POWER
Achieving European strategic
convergence,
building foreign policy
of the Union.
12. NEW FOREIGN POLICY 2022-2024
10
Our work and recommendations will address European citizens
and leaders, generate debates, mobilise experts, create
movements of ideas and projects across Europe. Establishing
bridges of proposals to the leaders of the Union and the Member
States is today a crucial step in reviving the European conceptual
approach and international action. This research project, if it is
based on theoretical foundations, will also be devoted to an
empirical study. We want to create the foreign policy of the
twenty-first century, targeting the strategic imperatives, dangers
and priorities of our time, as well as designing an innovation of
practices and policies in International Relations.
STRATEGIC CREATIVITY BEYOND LIMITS, AT THE
HEART OF THE UNION'S INTERNATIONAL
ACTION
The first phase of the New Foreign Policy program will take place
over two full years and six months, from January 2022 to July
2024. It will start in the context of the French presidential
election, in parallel with the French Presidency of the Council of
the European Union and will end in the European elections. An
assessment can then be drawn up and the modalities of the
second phase can be defined. The President-Founder of the Think
Tank and Director of the program, Florian Brunner, is at the
heart of the process of developing and carrying out the Union's
international action. His doctoral research opened the doors of
European diplomacy and generated many exchanges with high-
level actors. The many ongoing interviews allow Florian Brunner
to define the exact parameters of the Union's influence in the
world and to model the progress, limits and evolutions of a
European power. Florian Brunner is the designer of the New
Foreign Policy program; he is an expert in international strategic
thinking.
13. NEW FOREIGN POLICY 2022-2024
11
Florian Brunner seeks to liberate reasoning, to engage in an out-
of-bounds strategic creativity, a new conceptualization,
generating original and bold combinations, in the continuity of
the concepts of Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui exposed in
Unrestricted Warfare. Based in Paris, Florian Brunner directs the
Think Tank Europe and Democracy, leads the initiatives and leads
the reflection. Florian Brunner's team is made up of persevering
volunteers. This group forms a commando of ideas and projects,
reactive and resolute, fully invested in European and global
issues. A requirement for parity constantly maintained,
structures the organization of this dynamic and enterprising
staff.
Engaged citizens will be able to join the program, express their
ideas, contribute to exchanges, organise events or write analyses.
The Think Tank's website will publish all articles that have been
approved. The project management will supervise the various
works. Meetings in video-conference and/or face-to-face format
will be organized in order to optimize the evolution of the
program. Citizens will be mobilised more widely, in cycles of
online and face-to-face conferences in Paris and Strasbourg,
which will be dedicated to the study of Europe's place in the
world. Experts and actors will express themselves by being
connected to an audience, which will have the opportunity to
intervene and ask questions. The Europe and Democracy Think
Tank has forged several strong partnerships, with institutions
and other Think Tanks, which will be indispensable in the
deployment of symposia and seminars.
The final objective is to constitute an efficient, creative and
coherent project, which will be presented by the Think Tank, in
two main stages. A first contribution will be published at the end
of 2022 and a second document will be published during 2024,
on the occasion of the European elections. The drafting of the
reports will be carried out directly by Florian Brunner's team.
The staff will synthesize and organize the different concepts,
approaches and ideas that have emerged both from Florian
Brunner's expertise, from the writings and initiatives of actors of
the program and from the Conferences that have been realized.
14. NEW FOREIGN POLICY 2022-2024
12
Various components are already being developed and Florian
Brunner will propose several articles and Tribunes, which will be
published during the years 2022, 2023 and 2024, on different
media (Internet, media ...), on an international scale. The
ambition of the program is not only to achieve a European
dimension but to acquire a global reach. Florian Brunner will
write analyses mainly in French and English, which will be
reread by his team.
15. Europe and Democracy - 1a Place des Orphelins - 67000 Strasbourg - France
www.europeanddemocracy.com
Photographs
Cover: Louvre Museum, Paris, Florian Brunner – p. 2 : Portrait of Florian Brunner, Musée du Louvre, Paris, Axelle Jehl – p. 3 : Louvre Museum, Paris,
Florian Brunner – p.5 : Louvre Museum, Paris, Florian Brunner – p.9 : Louvre Museum, Paris, Florian Brunner – p.12 : Louvre Museum, Paris, Florian
Brunner