Neutraceuticals & functional food markets

2. Introduction
Neutraceuticals & functional food markets are most important & fastest growing sector in
the context of today’s era. Neutraceuticals provide health benefits as well as they are
alternatives to modern medicine. This market is fastest growing multi billion dollar industry
(1). Conventionally cattle milk is considered as an essential part (complete food) of human
nutrition due to different reasons - contains minerals, essential amino acids, protein,
vitamins, fats, lactose. In respect to today's era many people are inclined in respect to non
consumption of animal products due to various reasons like Health ( lactose intolerance,
allergens), Environmental reasons (mastitis, insufficient milk supply), Ethical reasons
(antibiotics use). So plant based milk alternatives (PBMAs) becomes an emerging
functional beverages.

3. Reasons to choose Cattle Milk Alternatives
1. Lactose Intolerance:- It’s a gastrointestinal symptoms that is caused by decreased or
deficiency of lactase enzyme in the gut.
2. Allergens :- Possible milk allergens (Milk protein- whey, casein).
3. Saturated Fat :- In milk saturated fat is present which increases LDL cholestrol in
blood vessels.
4. Social Disputes- Milk veg Or non veg is the most common & never ending debate over
the century.
5. Hormones :- Presence of Estrogens & Insulin like growth factor-1 in cow milk have a
major role in intiation of Breast, Prostate, & Endometrial tumors.

4. Plant Based Milk Alternatives (PBMAs)
PBMAs are fluids that is from breakdown of different plant material like cereals, legumes, nut,
seed, pseudo-cereals to extract the material from them & mix it with water followed by
homogenisation. It results particle size of 5-20μm with the consistency resembles to cattle milk
appearance & consistency.
Most important ingredients for formulation of PBMA are-
 Water
 Plant source
 Emulsifiers
 Additives.

5. General classification of PBMAs-
 Cereal based – Oat milk , Rice milk
 Legume based – Peanut, soy milk.
 Nut based – Almond, Coconut, Walnut,
Pistachio,Hazelnut milk
 Seed Based- Seasame ,Flax, Hemp,
Sunflower milk
 Pseudo cereal based – Quinoa, Amaranth
milk.

6. Creiteria to Choose PBMAs-
1. Nutritional components should be equal to cattle milk.
2. Should be affordable.
3. Convenient.
4. Sustainable source.

7. Processing of PBMAs
General Outline for processing of Plant based Milk Alternatives (Makinen et
al.,2016)
Plant Materials
Soaking Dry Milling
Wet Milling
Extraction
Separation Of Solids
Product Formulations
Homogenization
Microbial Shelf life extension
Fortification
Packaging

8. Nut Based Milk Alternatives
Almond Milk
Almond (Prunus dulcis) is from the Rosaceae family considered as “brain food” because of
their fuction to maintain healthy brain activities ( improve concentration, recalling power,
mental alertness, good sleep). It has many nutritious ingredients like Amino acids, Proteins,
Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Minerals, Lipids etc.
Different epidemiological & clinical studies shows it’s therapeutic & protective healh
benefits which includes modulatory effect on blood glucose, lipid levels, obesity, CVD.
Epidemiological studies also shows it’s effectiveness on Diabetes Melitus & Metabolic
syndrome.

9. Important components present
 α-tocopherol (vitamin-E)
 MUFA & PUFA. Among them Oleic & Linoleic are prevalent Unsaturated fatty acids
 Phytosterols includes β-sitosterol, Campestrol, Stigmasterol
 Arabinose
 Polyphenols includes Proanthocyanidins, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Lignans

10. Nutritional Components Comparision
Nutritional Components Cow Milk Almond Milk
Calories 64 Kcal
64 Kcal
24 Kcal
36.43 Kcal
Carbohydrates 4.6 gm/100ml
4.5 gm/100ml
3 gm/100ml
2 gm/100ml
Protein 3.3 gm/100ml
3.28 gm/100ml
0.5 gm/100ml
1.67 gm/100ml
Fat 3.9 gm/100ml
3.5 gm/100ml
1.1 gm/100ml
1.9 gm/100ml
Fibre -
0 gm/100ml
1.6 gm/100ml
0.64 gm/100ml
Vitamins
(Vitamin-A) 33 µg/100ml 77.14 µg/100ml
Minerals
(Calsium) 119 mg/100ml 325.29 mg/100ml

11. Coconut Milk
Coconut kernel aqueous extract is known as coconut Milk.
In coconut milk medium chain triglycerides (fatty acids) are prevalent as compared to long chain fatty
acid. As a result they are easily absorbed & metabolized into ketone compounds by liver action . This
conversion is essential part of proper brain functioning & useful for Alzheimer's disease.
Apart from that coconut milk is a good source of soluble & insoluble fibre. Coconut milk not only used
as a beverage but also as main component in sweet products. It has a rich source of vitamins & minerals
like Zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, vitamin E, C .

12. Important components present
 Bioactive compounds present are Polyphenols, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Steroids. The
phenolic substances present in coconut milk may protect macromolecules such as
lipids, proteins, DNA against oxidative damage
 Vitamin E in coconut milk has been associated with fighting against aging as well as
they are useful to prevent oxidative damage & risk of degenerative disease.
 It conatin 56.23% Lauric acid (which is also present in mother’s milk) which is
associated with proper brain functioning & healthy immune system.

13. Nutritional Components Comparision
Nutritional Components Cow Milk Coconut Milk
Calories 60 Kcal/100ml 230 Kcal/100ml
Carbohydrates 5.30 gm/100ml
4.78 gm/100ml
5.5 gm/100ml
9.41gm/100ml
Protein 3.20 gm/100ml
3.15 gm/100gm
2.90 gm/100ml
0.59 gm/100ml
Fat 3.30 gm/100ml 23.8 gm/100ml
Fibre 0 gm/100ml 2.2 gm/100ml
Vitamins
(Vitamin- A)
(Vitamin-C)
33 µg/100ml
0 mg/100ml
60 µg/100ml
2.8 mg/100ml
Minerals
(Calsium) 113mg/100ml 16 mg/100ml

14. Hazelnut Milk
Hazelnut (Corylus avellanna) consumed as awhole nut as well as used in snacks &
confectionary products.
It contains different nutritional componenets including dietary fibre, protein, lipids,
vitamins, minerals (K, Mn, Mg,Ca) , high content of carbohydrates, Vitamin-B1,B2,E .
It also contains Unsaturated fatty acids mainly Oleic (79.4%), Linoleic (13%), Palmitic
(5.4%) with high content of Vitamin A which have positive effect on lowering cholestrol &
CVD risk.

15. This also contains Phytosterol, Phenolic compounds, Niacin (1.45 mg/100gm), Retinol
(3.25 mg/100gm), Total tocopherol (26.9 mg/100gm), Essential Amino Acids (Arginine,
Leucine), Non Essential AA (Glutamic Acid).

16. Nutritional Components Comparision
Nutritional Components Cow Milk Hazelnut Milk
Calories 67 Kcal/100ml 121 Kcal/100ml
Carbohydrates 5.42 gm/100ml
4.5 gm/100ml
3.1 gm/100ml
2.2 gm/100ml
Protein 3.33 gm/100ml
3.0 gm/100ml
0.4 gm/100ml
0.5 gm/100ml
Fat 3.33 gm/100ml
3.5 gm/100ml
1.60 gm/100ml
2.1 gm/100ml
Fibre 0 gm/100ml 0.3 gm/100ml
Minerals
(Calsium)
129 mg/100ml
120 mg/100ml
120 mg/100ml
120 mg/100ml

17. Seed Based Milk Alternatives
Sesame Milk
Sesame ( Sesamum indicum) seeds are rich source of protein
(specially sulfur containing amino acids) ,fats (oils mainly Palmitic,
Stearic, Oleic, linoleic), Minerals, Antioxident. It has also
anticarcinogenic, antiviral property. It is also a affordable protein
source which can be effective against nutrient deficiency . Sesame
Milk is rich in Sterols, Protein, Calcium .
 It has antihyperglycemic, anticancerous, anti inflammatory
property

18. Important components present
 Lignans
 Phytosterols
 Sasamin
 Sesaminol
 Myristic acid
 Lecithin

19. Nutritional Components Comparision
Nutritional Components Cow Milk Sesame Milk
Calories 64 Kcal/100ml 52 Kcal/100ml
Carbohydrates 4.6 gm/100ml 6.7 gm/100ml
Protein 3.3 gm/100ml 0.6 gm/100ml
Fat (saturated) 3.9 gm/100ml 2.4 gm/100ml
Fibre 0 gm/100ml 0.2 gm/100ml

20. Hemp Milk
Hemp seed one of the richest source of PUFA sush as α-linolenic acid & linoleic acid.
Contains Carbohydrates (20-30%), Protein (20-25%), Lipids (25-35%), Insoluble fibre (10-
15%), Minerals (Calsium, zinc, Iron).
Protein present are 65% Edestin & 35% albumin which have high digestibility & proper
amino acid composition
According to studies it was shown that consuming hemp milk have numerous health
benefits that is reduction of cholestrol, thyroid hormones, serum tri glycerides

21. Nutritional Components Comparision
Nutritional Components Cow Milk Hemp Milk
Calories 61 Kcal/100ml 19 Kcal/100ml
Carbohydrates 4.78 gm/100ml 2.5 gm/100ml
Protein 3.15 gm/100ml 0.83 gm/100ml
Fat 3.27 gm/100ml 1.25 gm/100ml
Vitamins
(Vitamin-B2) 0.16 mg/100ml 0.18 mg/100ml
Minerals
(Calsium)
(Iron)
(Magnesium)
119mg/100ml
0.05 mg/100ml
13 mg/100ml
125 mg/100ml
1.08 mg/100ml
17.08 mg/100ml

22. References
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