Nephelometry is a technique used to measure protein levels in blood by detecting antibodies or antigens through light scattering. A light source is shone through a solution containing precipitates formed by the reaction of antigens and antibodies. A photomultiplier tube then measures the amount of scattered light, which is proportional to the number of complexes present. By comparing to standards of known concentrations, the amount of unknown protein can be quantified with a standard curve. Nephelometry is commonly used in hematology to detect immunoglobulin levels and screen for infections or cancers.

1. Brianna McKenna , Destiny Garrett,
and Kimberly Campbell
MLT 1012: Introduction to clinical laboratory science
Professor Gill
June 20th 2018
(Nephelometry, n.d.)

2.  Nephelometry can be used to measure the
levels of protein in the blood.
 This technique is used to detect antibodies
or antigens in the patient but in most cases
the lab will use the antibodies as the reagent
and the patients antigens will be unknown.

3.  When a light is shined through the solution,
the precipitates will make the light scatter
 There is a photomultiplier tube placed at an
angle that measures the scattered light
 The light used can either be a tungsten lamp
or a laser depending on the amount of
information that is needed.
("Nephelometry and Turbidimetry: Principle, Theory
and Techniques", 2016)

4.  The amount of
scattered light is
proportional to the
number of
insoluble
complexes.
 These results are
then compared to
the amount of light
scatter from a
known mixtures
(standards).
 The amount of
unknown is
determined by a
standard curve.
(Dell, 2002)

5. Nephelometry is most often used to find
immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA, IgG) in the serum
to look for problems in the immune system.
("Nephelometry 4", n.d.)

6.  Nephelometry is used in the hematology
section of the lab
 It uses light to detect proteins, most often
immunoglobulins, to look for infections or
certain types of cancers. The increased or
decreased levels can give a basis for further
testing.

7. Dell, E. (2002, January 02). How does nephelometry work? Retrieved June 16, 2018,
from https://www.bmglabtech.com/how-does-nephelometry-work
Khouja, H. (n.d.). Turbidimetry and Nephelometry. Retrieved June 19, 2018, from
Https://kau.edu.sa/Files/0013791/Subjects/Turbidimetry and
Nephelometry.pdf
Nephelometry 4 Testing Channel Medical Specific Protein Analysis Equipment - Buy
Protein Analysis Equipment,Nephelometry,Medical Analysis Equipment Product
on Alibaba.com. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2018, from
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Nephelometry-4-Testing-channel-
Medical-Specific_1986691464.html
Nephelometry and Turbidimetry: Principle, Theory and Techniques. (2016, July 23).
Retrieved June 18, 2018, from
http://www.environmentalpollution.in/pollution/regulation-and-
monitoring/nephelometry-and-turbidimetry-principle-theory-and-techniques/1880
Nephelometry. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://science4u.info/virtual-lab/autoimmunity-
laboratory/nephelometry/
TURBIDIMETRY & NEPHELOMETRY. (n.d.). Retrieved May 18, 2018, from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/presentation/0ee1/672d54a009751acad6b973336a
b6f2e701f7.pdf