Nature of the reports produced. Financial accounting reports tend to be general purpose. That is,
they contain financial information that will be useful for a broad range of users and decisions
rather than being specifically designed for the needs of a particular group or set of decisions.
Management accounting reports, on the other hand, are often for a specific purpose. They are
designed either with a particular decision in mind or for a particular manager. Level of detail.
Financial reports provide users with a broad overview of the performance and position of the
business for a period. As a result, information is aggregated and detail is often lost. Management
accounting reports, however, often provide managers with considerable detail to help them with
a particular operational decision. Regulations. Financial reports, for many businesses, are
subject to accounting regulations that try to ensure they are produced with standard content and
in a standard format. Law and accounting rule setters impose these regulations. Since
management accounting reports are for internal use only, there are no regulations from external
sources concerning the form and content of the reports. They can be designed to meet the needs
of particular managers. Reporting interval. For most businesses, financial accounting reports are
produced on an annual basis, though many large businesses produce half-yearly reports and a
few produce quarterly ones. Management accounting reports may be produced as frequently as
required by managers. In many businesses, managers are provided with certain reports on a
monthly, weekly or even daily basis, which allows them to check progress frequently. In
addition, special-purpose reports will be prepared when required (for example, to evaluate a
proposal to purchase a piece of machinery). Time horizon. Financial reports reflect the
performance and position of the business for the past period. In essence, they are backward
looking. Management accounting reports, on the other hand, often provide information
concerning future performance as well as past performance. It is an oversimplification, however,
to suggest that financial accounting reports never incorporate expectations concerning the future.
Occasionally, businesses will release projected information to other users in an attempt to raise
capital or to fight off unwanted takeover bids. Range and quality of information. Financial
accounting reports concentrate on information that can be quantified in monetary terms.
Management accounting also produces such reports, but is also more likely to produce reports
that contain information of a non-financial nature such as measures of physical quantities of
inventories (stocks) and output. Financial accounting places greater emphasis on the use of
objective, verifiable evidence when preparing reports. Management accounting reports may use
information that is less objective and verifiable, but they provide managers with the information
t.
Managerial accounting is an activity that provides financial and n.docxinfantsuk
Managerial accounting is an activity that provides financial and nonfinancial information to an organization's managers and other internal decision makers. This section explains the purpose of managerial accounting (also called management accounting) and compares it with financial accounting. The main purpose of the financial accounting system is to prepare general-purpose financial statements. That information is incomplete for internal decision makers who manage organizations.
Purpose of Managerial Accounting
C1 Explain the purpose and nature of, and the role of ethics in, managerial accounting.
The purpose of both managerial accounting and financial accounting is providing useful information to decision makers. They do this by collecting, managing, and reporting information in demand by their users. Both areas of accounting also share the common practice of reporting monetary information, although managerial accounting usually includes the reporting of more nonmonetary information. They even report some of the same information. For instance, a company's financial statements contain information useful for both its managers (insiders) and other persons interested in the company (outsiders).
Point: Nonfinancial information, also called nonmonetary information, includes customer and employee satisfaction data, the percentage of on-time deliveries, and product defect rates.
The remainder of this book looks carefully at managerial accounting information, how to gather it, and how managers use it. We consider the concepts and procedures used to determine the costs of products and services as well as topics such as budgeting, break-even analysis, product costing, profit planning, and cost analysis. Information about the costs of products and services is important for many decisions that managers make. These decisions include predicting the future costs of a product or service. Predicted costs are used in product pricing, profitability analysis, and in deciding whether to make or buy a product or component. More generally, much of managerial accounting involves gathering information about costs for planning and control decisions.
Point: Costs are important to managers because they impact both the financial position and profitability of a business. Managerial accounting assists in analysis, planning, and control of costs.
Planning is the process of setting goals and making plans to achieve them. Companies formulate long-term strategic plans that usually span a 5- to 10-year horizon and then refine them with medium-term and short-term plans. Strategic plans usually set a firm's long-term direction by developing a road map based on opportunities such as new products, new markets, and capital investments. A strategic plan's goals and objectives are broadly defined given its long-term orientation. Medium- and short-term plans are more operational in nature. They translate the strategic plan into actions. These plans are more concrete and consist of bett ...
Financial Accounting and Management accounting are the two branches of accounting.
Financial accounting stresses on giving true and a fair view of the financial position of the company to various parties.
On the contrary, management accounting aims at providing both qualitative and quantitative information to the managers, so as to assist them in decision making and thus maximizing the profit.
Financial Accounting is the branch of accounting which keeps track of all the financial information of the entity. Management Accounting is that branch of accounting which records and reports both the financial and nonfinancial information of an entity.
Discuss the difference between Financial Accounting and Managerial Acc (1).docxrtodd615
Discuss the difference between Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting, especially in relationship to costs. Provide a definition of Opportunity Costs and Accounting Costs and discuss how we can further analyze these costs and provide subcategories of each.
Solution
The differences between management accounting and financial accounting include:[1]
Management accounting provides information to people within an organisation while financial accounting is mainly for those outside it, such as shareholders
Financial accounting is required by law while management accounting is not. Specific standards and formats may be required for statutory accounts such as International Financial Reporting Standards.
Financial accounting covers the entire organisation while management accounting may be concerned with particular products or cost centres.
Managerial accounting is used primarily by those within a company or organization. Reports can be generated for any period of time such as daily, weekly or monthly. Reports are considered to be \"future looking\" and have forecasting value to those within the company.
Financial accounting is used primarily by those outside of a company or organization. Financial reports are usually created for a set period of time, such as a fiscal year or period. Financial reports are historically factual and have predictive value to those who wish to make financial decisions or investments in a company. Management Accounting is the branch of Accounting that deals primarily with confidential financial reports for the exclusive use of top management within an organization. These reports are prepared utilizing scientific and statistical methods to arrive at certain monetary values which are then used for decision making. Such reports may include:
Sales Forecasting reports
Budget analysis and comparative analysis
Feasibility studies
Merger and consolidation reports
Financial Accounting, on the other hand, concentrates on the production of financial reports, including the basic reporting requirements of profitability, liquidity, solvency and stability. Reports of this nature can be accessed by internal and external users such as the shareholders, the banks and the creditors.
.
Financial Accounting Vs. Management Accounting | Academy Tax4wealthAcademy Tax4wealth
What is the difference between Financial Accounting and Management Accounting, and what are the key functions and meanings of each? Join Academy Tax4wealth now, and solve your quarry. Learn more!
For more information, visit us at:-
https://academy.tax4wealth.com/blog/financial-accounting-vs-managerial-accounting
Financial Accounting Vs. Management Accounting | Academy Tax4wealthAcademy Tax4wealth
What is the difference between Financial Accounting and Management Accounting, and what are the key functions and meanings of each? Join Academy Tax4wealth now, and solve your quarry. Learn more!
For more information, visit us at:-
https://academy.tax4wealth.com/blog/financial-accounting-vs-managerial-accounting
Financial Statement Analysis
For
Small Businesses
A Resource Guide
Provided By
Virginia Small Business Development Center Network
(Revised for the VSBDC by Henry Reeves 3/22/2011)
Contents
Topic
Page
Introduction
3
Importance of Financial Statements
4
Collecting and Managing Data
5
The Income Statement
7
The Balance Sheet
9
Reconciliation of Equity or Statement of Changes in Stockholder Equity
12
Statement of Cash Flows
12
Notes to Financial Statements
13
Financial Ratios – Explanation
13
Key Terms and Concepts
20
Financial Statements as a Management Tool
24
Three Case Studies
32
Figure 1: Summary Table of Financial Ratios
36
Figure 2: K-L Fashions, Inc. Financial Statements
38
Figure 3: Breakeven Analysis
46
Figure 4. - Sample Cash Flow Statement (without numbers):
47
Conclusion
48
Sources of Financial Analysis Information
49
Introduction
Financial statements provide small business owners with the basic tools for determining how well their operations perform at all times. Many entrepreneurs do not realize that financial statements have a value that goes beyond their use as supporting documents to loan applications and tax returns.
These statements are concise reports designed to summarize financial activities for specific periods. Owners and managers can use financial statement analysis to evaluate the past and current financial condition of their business, diagnose any existing financial problems, and forecast future trends in the firm’s financial position.
Evaluation pinpoints, in financial terms, where the firm has been and where it is today. Diagnosis determines the causes of the financial problems that statement analysis uncovers and suggests solutions for them.
Forecasts are valuable in statement analysis for two reasons: You can prepare forecasts that assume that the basic financial facts about a company will remain the same for a specified period in the future. These forecasts will illustrate where you're likely to stand if the status quo is maintained. Or, you can gain insights into the impact of certain business decisions by calculating the answers to “what if” questions. When you test the consequences of changes you’re contemplating, or that may occur because of changing market conditions or customer tastes, for example, you achieve a greater understanding about the financial interrelationships at work in a business.
The two key reports for all sizes and categories of business are the Balance Sheet and the Income Statement. The Balance Sheet is an itemized statement that lists the total assets and the total liabilities of a business, and gives its net worth on a certain date (such as the end of a month, quarter, or year). The Income Statement records revenue versus expenses for a given period of time.
Regular preparation and analysis of financial statement information helps business managers and owners detect the problems that experts continue to see as the chief causes of small busi ...
Managerial accounting is an activity that provides financial and n.docxinfantsuk
Managerial accounting is an activity that provides financial and nonfinancial information to an organization's managers and other internal decision makers. This section explains the purpose of managerial accounting (also called management accounting) and compares it with financial accounting. The main purpose of the financial accounting system is to prepare general-purpose financial statements. That information is incomplete for internal decision makers who manage organizations.
Purpose of Managerial Accounting
C1 Explain the purpose and nature of, and the role of ethics in, managerial accounting.
The purpose of both managerial accounting and financial accounting is providing useful information to decision makers. They do this by collecting, managing, and reporting information in demand by their users. Both areas of accounting also share the common practice of reporting monetary information, although managerial accounting usually includes the reporting of more nonmonetary information. They even report some of the same information. For instance, a company's financial statements contain information useful for both its managers (insiders) and other persons interested in the company (outsiders).
Point: Nonfinancial information, also called nonmonetary information, includes customer and employee satisfaction data, the percentage of on-time deliveries, and product defect rates.
The remainder of this book looks carefully at managerial accounting information, how to gather it, and how managers use it. We consider the concepts and procedures used to determine the costs of products and services as well as topics such as budgeting, break-even analysis, product costing, profit planning, and cost analysis. Information about the costs of products and services is important for many decisions that managers make. These decisions include predicting the future costs of a product or service. Predicted costs are used in product pricing, profitability analysis, and in deciding whether to make or buy a product or component. More generally, much of managerial accounting involves gathering information about costs for planning and control decisions.
Point: Costs are important to managers because they impact both the financial position and profitability of a business. Managerial accounting assists in analysis, planning, and control of costs.
Planning is the process of setting goals and making plans to achieve them. Companies formulate long-term strategic plans that usually span a 5- to 10-year horizon and then refine them with medium-term and short-term plans. Strategic plans usually set a firm's long-term direction by developing a road map based on opportunities such as new products, new markets, and capital investments. A strategic plan's goals and objectives are broadly defined given its long-term orientation. Medium- and short-term plans are more operational in nature. They translate the strategic plan into actions. These plans are more concrete and consist of bett ...
Financial Accounting and Management accounting are the two branches of accounting.
Financial accounting stresses on giving true and a fair view of the financial position of the company to various parties.
On the contrary, management accounting aims at providing both qualitative and quantitative information to the managers, so as to assist them in decision making and thus maximizing the profit.
Financial Accounting is the branch of accounting which keeps track of all the financial information of the entity. Management Accounting is that branch of accounting which records and reports both the financial and nonfinancial information of an entity.
Discuss the difference between Financial Accounting and Managerial Acc (1).docxrtodd615
Discuss the difference between Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting, especially in relationship to costs. Provide a definition of Opportunity Costs and Accounting Costs and discuss how we can further analyze these costs and provide subcategories of each.
Solution
The differences between management accounting and financial accounting include:[1]
Management accounting provides information to people within an organisation while financial accounting is mainly for those outside it, such as shareholders
Financial accounting is required by law while management accounting is not. Specific standards and formats may be required for statutory accounts such as International Financial Reporting Standards.
Financial accounting covers the entire organisation while management accounting may be concerned with particular products or cost centres.
Managerial accounting is used primarily by those within a company or organization. Reports can be generated for any period of time such as daily, weekly or monthly. Reports are considered to be \"future looking\" and have forecasting value to those within the company.
Financial accounting is used primarily by those outside of a company or organization. Financial reports are usually created for a set period of time, such as a fiscal year or period. Financial reports are historically factual and have predictive value to those who wish to make financial decisions or investments in a company. Management Accounting is the branch of Accounting that deals primarily with confidential financial reports for the exclusive use of top management within an organization. These reports are prepared utilizing scientific and statistical methods to arrive at certain monetary values which are then used for decision making. Such reports may include:
Sales Forecasting reports
Budget analysis and comparative analysis
Feasibility studies
Merger and consolidation reports
Financial Accounting, on the other hand, concentrates on the production of financial reports, including the basic reporting requirements of profitability, liquidity, solvency and stability. Reports of this nature can be accessed by internal and external users such as the shareholders, the banks and the creditors.
.
Financial Accounting Vs. Management Accounting | Academy Tax4wealthAcademy Tax4wealth
What is the difference between Financial Accounting and Management Accounting, and what are the key functions and meanings of each? Join Academy Tax4wealth now, and solve your quarry. Learn more!
For more information, visit us at:-
https://academy.tax4wealth.com/blog/financial-accounting-vs-managerial-accounting
Financial Accounting Vs. Management Accounting | Academy Tax4wealthAcademy Tax4wealth
What is the difference between Financial Accounting and Management Accounting, and what are the key functions and meanings of each? Join Academy Tax4wealth now, and solve your quarry. Learn more!
For more information, visit us at:-
https://academy.tax4wealth.com/blog/financial-accounting-vs-managerial-accounting
Financial Statement Analysis
For
Small Businesses
A Resource Guide
Provided By
Virginia Small Business Development Center Network
(Revised for the VSBDC by Henry Reeves 3/22/2011)
Contents
Topic
Page
Introduction
3
Importance of Financial Statements
4
Collecting and Managing Data
5
The Income Statement
7
The Balance Sheet
9
Reconciliation of Equity or Statement of Changes in Stockholder Equity
12
Statement of Cash Flows
12
Notes to Financial Statements
13
Financial Ratios – Explanation
13
Key Terms and Concepts
20
Financial Statements as a Management Tool
24
Three Case Studies
32
Figure 1: Summary Table of Financial Ratios
36
Figure 2: K-L Fashions, Inc. Financial Statements
38
Figure 3: Breakeven Analysis
46
Figure 4. - Sample Cash Flow Statement (without numbers):
47
Conclusion
48
Sources of Financial Analysis Information
49
Introduction
Financial statements provide small business owners with the basic tools for determining how well their operations perform at all times. Many entrepreneurs do not realize that financial statements have a value that goes beyond their use as supporting documents to loan applications and tax returns.
These statements are concise reports designed to summarize financial activities for specific periods. Owners and managers can use financial statement analysis to evaluate the past and current financial condition of their business, diagnose any existing financial problems, and forecast future trends in the firm’s financial position.
Evaluation pinpoints, in financial terms, where the firm has been and where it is today. Diagnosis determines the causes of the financial problems that statement analysis uncovers and suggests solutions for them.
Forecasts are valuable in statement analysis for two reasons: You can prepare forecasts that assume that the basic financial facts about a company will remain the same for a specified period in the future. These forecasts will illustrate where you're likely to stand if the status quo is maintained. Or, you can gain insights into the impact of certain business decisions by calculating the answers to “what if” questions. When you test the consequences of changes you’re contemplating, or that may occur because of changing market conditions or customer tastes, for example, you achieve a greater understanding about the financial interrelationships at work in a business.
The two key reports for all sizes and categories of business are the Balance Sheet and the Income Statement. The Balance Sheet is an itemized statement that lists the total assets and the total liabilities of a business, and gives its net worth on a certain date (such as the end of a month, quarter, or year). The Income Statement records revenue versus expenses for a given period of time.
Regular preparation and analysis of financial statement information helps business managers and owners detect the problems that experts continue to see as the chief causes of small busi ...
advantages of management account,definition,functions of management account,limitations of management account,management account,meaning,nature of management account,objectives of account,scope of management account
BBA 6th Sem - MODULE I - MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTINGPurbita Mondal
Content:
1. Definition & Meaning
2. Functions of management accountant
3. Financial accounting and management accounting have some inherent differences.
4. Nature of Management Accounting
5. Scope of Management Accounting
Bookkeeping vs Accounting - What is the difference.pdfvaderanco
VNC Global, a prominent bookkeeping services provider in Australia with more than a decade of expertise, is familiar with the complexities of these functions and is here to throw light on the distinctions.
Response 1:
Part 1
Memo:
Understanding Similarities and Differences between Financial and Managerial Accounting
Attention
: Susan Thompson
Susan-
In an effort to get you up to speed on our expectations, I wanted to provide some details on the differences you can expect to see between managerial and financial accounting and provide you some examples from both areas.
Financial accounting is the backbone of the day-to-day functions of accounting. From payables, to receivables to collections, this area ensures all of the outstanding bills and debts are paid so the organization can operate. The details received from the day to day management of financial accounting are provided to stakeholders’, creditors, vendors and management to ensure the organization is being forthcoming and so management can use the data to further the position of the company(MUSE: Financial and Managerial Accounting). Reports provided within financial accounting include the following:
Income Statement
Statement of Owners Equity
Balance Sheet
Cash Flow Statement
Each of these documents is used by managerial accounting team members to help make decisions about the future of the organization.
Managerial accounting is optional. This is a team of managers who are trying to plan for future business and need to understand the ebbs and flows of the business itself and how any of the business segments or areas can function more productivity. One thing to note is that Financial Accounting is handled by external persons who try to ensure the strength of financial decisions whereas Managerial Accounting is managed by internal managers responsible for the success of the organizations. Financial Accounting Reporting for the IRS is mandatory and GAAP accounting rules must be adhered too. Managerial Accounting has no set rules nor are they bound to any oversight group and are not required to provide any sort of mandatory reporting.
Additional reports used to analyze the health of an organization are horizontal and vertical analyzes.
Horizontal analysis is where we take a series of reports year over year and try to determine what trends were in assets, equity, cash flow, etc. Using these reports allows the management team to better understand the business and what could be coming in the future. Vertical analysis is where we analyze financial statements based on entries for assets, accounts, liabilities and equities. We review each of these as a proportion of the total account and try to understand what led to any inconsistencies.
If you need any further clarification regarding these concepts, reporting or analysis, please reach out to me directly.
Thank You
Part 2
Attn: Board of Directors
MEMO
In an effort to help our team better understand how we can use our current and previous accounting information to help plan and control for future business, I have broken down details on four key financial reports we receive regularly. These reports include the income sta ...
Why is the process of financial reporting important.pdfRathnakarReddy17
Financial reporting gives information and openness about the operations and financial health of an organisation. It is meant to provide our stakeholders with the right information in the right quantity to make better informed decisions. This applies to external investors, tax authorities or internal controls. Good Financial Reporting & Compliance in Delaware puts various parties on the same page with a single version of the truth and gives credibility to the company and management. On the other hand, fraudulent or inaccurate financial statements can damage a company's reputation and values.
57. Howard Florey 58. Albert Schatz 59. Ernst Boris Chain - .pdfankit482504
57. Howard Florey
58. Albert Schatz
59. Ernst Boris Chain - worked with Howard Florey in demonstrating therapeutic potential of
penicillin
60. Therapeutic Index
Solution
57. Howard Florey
58. Albert Schatz
59. Ernst Boris Chain - worked with Howard Florey in demonstrating therapeutic potential of
penicillin
60. Therapeutic Index.
advantages of management account,definition,functions of management account,limitations of management account,management account,meaning,nature of management account,objectives of account,scope of management account
BBA 6th Sem - MODULE I - MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTINGPurbita Mondal
Content:
1. Definition & Meaning
2. Functions of management accountant
3. Financial accounting and management accounting have some inherent differences.
4. Nature of Management Accounting
5. Scope of Management Accounting
Bookkeeping vs Accounting - What is the difference.pdfvaderanco
VNC Global, a prominent bookkeeping services provider in Australia with more than a decade of expertise, is familiar with the complexities of these functions and is here to throw light on the distinctions.
Response 1:
Part 1
Memo:
Understanding Similarities and Differences between Financial and Managerial Accounting
Attention
: Susan Thompson
Susan-
In an effort to get you up to speed on our expectations, I wanted to provide some details on the differences you can expect to see between managerial and financial accounting and provide you some examples from both areas.
Financial accounting is the backbone of the day-to-day functions of accounting. From payables, to receivables to collections, this area ensures all of the outstanding bills and debts are paid so the organization can operate. The details received from the day to day management of financial accounting are provided to stakeholders’, creditors, vendors and management to ensure the organization is being forthcoming and so management can use the data to further the position of the company(MUSE: Financial and Managerial Accounting). Reports provided within financial accounting include the following:
Income Statement
Statement of Owners Equity
Balance Sheet
Cash Flow Statement
Each of these documents is used by managerial accounting team members to help make decisions about the future of the organization.
Managerial accounting is optional. This is a team of managers who are trying to plan for future business and need to understand the ebbs and flows of the business itself and how any of the business segments or areas can function more productivity. One thing to note is that Financial Accounting is handled by external persons who try to ensure the strength of financial decisions whereas Managerial Accounting is managed by internal managers responsible for the success of the organizations. Financial Accounting Reporting for the IRS is mandatory and GAAP accounting rules must be adhered too. Managerial Accounting has no set rules nor are they bound to any oversight group and are not required to provide any sort of mandatory reporting.
Additional reports used to analyze the health of an organization are horizontal and vertical analyzes.
Horizontal analysis is where we take a series of reports year over year and try to determine what trends were in assets, equity, cash flow, etc. Using these reports allows the management team to better understand the business and what could be coming in the future. Vertical analysis is where we analyze financial statements based on entries for assets, accounts, liabilities and equities. We review each of these as a proportion of the total account and try to understand what led to any inconsistencies.
If you need any further clarification regarding these concepts, reporting or analysis, please reach out to me directly.
Thank You
Part 2
Attn: Board of Directors
MEMO
In an effort to help our team better understand how we can use our current and previous accounting information to help plan and control for future business, I have broken down details on four key financial reports we receive regularly. These reports include the income sta ...
Why is the process of financial reporting important.pdfRathnakarReddy17
Financial reporting gives information and openness about the operations and financial health of an organisation. It is meant to provide our stakeholders with the right information in the right quantity to make better informed decisions. This applies to external investors, tax authorities or internal controls. Good Financial Reporting & Compliance in Delaware puts various parties on the same page with a single version of the truth and gives credibility to the company and management. On the other hand, fraudulent or inaccurate financial statements can damage a company's reputation and values.
57. Howard Florey 58. Albert Schatz 59. Ernst Boris Chain - .pdfankit482504
57. Howard Florey
58. Albert Schatz
59. Ernst Boris Chain - worked with Howard Florey in demonstrating therapeutic potential of
penicillin
60. Therapeutic Index
Solution
57. Howard Florey
58. Albert Schatz
59. Ernst Boris Chain - worked with Howard Florey in demonstrating therapeutic potential of
penicillin
60. Therapeutic Index.
27. Microtubules- made of Tubulidentata and present in cytoplasm28.pdfankit482504
27. Microtubules- made of Tubulidentata and present in cytoplasm
28. Intermediate filaments- attachments with desmosones helps in adhering
29. Actin filaments- helps in contraction and muscle movement.
30. Micro tubules and intermediate filaments have the alpha helical proteins
31. Intermediate filaments- in skin and other epithelial cells
Solution
27. Microtubules- made of Tubulidentata and present in cytoplasm
28. Intermediate filaments- attachments with desmosones helps in adhering
29. Actin filaments- helps in contraction and muscle movement.
30. Micro tubules and intermediate filaments have the alpha helical proteins
31. Intermediate filaments- in skin and other epithelial cells.
1.5 Legal Labels in Verilog areSystem Verilog extends it and al.pdfankit482504
1.
5 Legal Labels in Verilog are:
System Verilog extends it and allows one to add named blocks to reserve word end and join.
Also SystemVerilog allows to add the LABLE or NAMED BLOCK before begin, fork as below.
1.\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":Begin
2..\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":End
3..\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":Fork
4..\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":Join
5..\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":Initial Begin
It is illegal to have both a label before a begin or fork and a block name after the begin or fork. A
label cannot appear before the end, join, join_any or join_none, as these keywords do not form a
statement.
2.Verilog Provides in-built primitives for basic gate and switch level modeling. Any circuit can
be modeled by using continuous assignment of gate and switch level primitives.
and (strong1, weak0)#(1,2) gate1(out, in1, in2);
This is an and gate with output \'out\' and two inputs in1 and in2. Strong1 and weak0 are
optional driving strengths and gate1 is optional instance name that can be used while debugging.
First parameter in the bracket is output and you can have any number of inputs after that. This is
how you use a 3 input and gate without instance name, delay and driving strengths:
3.verilog has built in primitives like gates,transmission gates,and switches.if we need complex
primitives then verilog provides UDP or simply user defined primitives using UDP we can
model:
1.Combinational Logic
2.Sequential Logic
Verilog has 2 primitives
1.User Defined primitives
2.HDL gate primitive
4.
UDP definitions are independent of modules; they are at the same level as module definitions in
the syntax hierarchy. They can appear anywhere in the source text, either before or after they are
used inside a module. They may not appear between the keywords module and endmodule.
User-Defined Primitives(UDP) :
5. Yes it is True
One of the advanced concepts in verilog
non synthesizable
single output many iput
consume very less memory
I/Os must be scalar (i.e. bit)
1) UDPs can take only scalar input terminals (1 bit). Multiple input terminals are permitted.
2) UDPs can have only one scalar output terminal (1 bit). The output terminal must
always appear first in the terminal list. Multiple output terminals are not allowed.
3) In the declarations section, the output terminal is declared with the keyword output. Since
sequential UDPs store state, the output terminal must also be declared as a reg.
4) The inputs are declared with the keyword input.
5) The state in a sequential UDP can be initialized with an ‘initial’ statement. This statement is
optional. A 1-bit value is assigned to the output, which is declared as reg.
6) The state table entries can contain values 0,1,or x . UDPs do not handle z values. Z values
passed to a UDP are treated x values.
7)UDPs are defined at the same level as modules. UDPs can not be defined inside modules.
They can be instantiated only inside modules. UDPs are instantiated exactly like
gate primitives.
8)UDPs do not support inout ports.
6
The module is the basic unit of hier.
Step1 Fe is oxidised ; its oxidation state change.pdfankit482504
Step1 Fe is oxidised ; its oxidation state changes from 0 to +2 Step2 Sb2S3 is being
reduced ; oxidation state of Sb changes from +3 to 0.
Solution
Step1 Fe is oxidised ; its oxidation state changes from 0 to +2 Step2 Sb2S3 is being
reduced ; oxidation state of Sb changes from +3 to 0..
The process of performing the procedure known as a Tracheostomy is c.pdfankit482504
The process of performing the procedure known as a Tracheostomy is considered as a utilitarian
surgical procedure of access.
Solution
The process of performing the procedure known as a Tracheostomy is considered as a utilitarian
surgical procedure of access..
The Nixon shockwas a series of economic measures undertaken by Unite.pdfankit482504
The Nixon shockwas a series of economic measures undertaken by United States President
Richard Nixon in 1971, the most significant of which was the unilateral cancellation of the direct
international convertibility of the United States dollar to gold.
At the time, the U.S. also had an unemployment rate of 6.1% (August 1971) and an inflation rate
of 5.84% (1971).
To combat these problems, relying heavily on the advice of the self-confident Connally, decided
to break up Bretton Woods by suspending the convertibility of the dollar into gold; freezing
wages and prices for 90 days to combat potential inflationary effects; and impose an import
surcharge of 10 percent, to prevent a run on the dollar, stabilize the US economy, and decrease
US unemployment and inflation rates.
The first order was for the gold window to be closed. Foreign governments could no longer
exchange their dollars for gold; in effect, the international monetary system turned into a fiat
one.
Shortly after the plan was implemented, the growth of employment and production in the United
States increased. Inflation was practically halted during the 90-day wage-price freeze but would
soon reappear as the monetary momentum in support of inflation had already begun.
Solution
The Nixon shockwas a series of economic measures undertaken by United States President
Richard Nixon in 1971, the most significant of which was the unilateral cancellation of the direct
international convertibility of the United States dollar to gold.
At the time, the U.S. also had an unemployment rate of 6.1% (August 1971) and an inflation rate
of 5.84% (1971).
To combat these problems, relying heavily on the advice of the self-confident Connally, decided
to break up Bretton Woods by suspending the convertibility of the dollar into gold; freezing
wages and prices for 90 days to combat potential inflationary effects; and impose an import
surcharge of 10 percent, to prevent a run on the dollar, stabilize the US economy, and decrease
US unemployment and inflation rates.
The first order was for the gold window to be closed. Foreign governments could no longer
exchange their dollars for gold; in effect, the international monetary system turned into a fiat
one.
Shortly after the plan was implemented, the growth of employment and production in the United
States increased. Inflation was practically halted during the 90-day wage-price freeze but would
soon reappear as the monetary momentum in support of inflation had already begun..
The IUPAC names of the above compounds areZ-4,5-dichloro pent-4-e.pdfankit482504
The IUPAC names of the above compounds are:
Z-4,5-dichloro pent-4-ene-2ol
2-butanol
2,4 pentane-diol
Solution
The IUPAC names of the above compounds are:
Z-4,5-dichloro pent-4-ene-2ol
2-butanol
2,4 pentane-diol.
sumOfSquaresimport java.util.;public class Arraylistoperation.pdfankit482504
sumOfSquares
import java.util.*;
public class Arraylistoperation
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
ArrayList list = createSquaresList(10);
printList(list);
}
public static ArrayList createSquaresList(int n)
{
ArrayList squares= new ArrayList<>();
double s = 0.0;
for (double i = 0.0; i <= n-1; i++)
{
s = i*i;
squares.add(s);
}
return squares;
for(int i = 0; i < m.size(); i++)
{
s+= m.get(i);
}
return s;
}
}
Like wise sumOfCubes
Solution
sumOfSquares
import java.util.*;
public class Arraylistoperation
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
ArrayList list = createSquaresList(10);
printList(list);
}
public static ArrayList createSquaresList(int n)
{
ArrayList squares= new ArrayList<>();
double s = 0.0;
for (double i = 0.0; i <= n-1; i++)
{
s = i*i;
squares.add(s);
}
return squares;
for(int i = 0; i < m.size(); i++)
{
s+= m.get(i);
}
return s;
}
}
Like wise sumOfCubes.
Secant is 1cosineRangeof cosine is(-1,1)Secant function cannot .pdfankit482504
Secant is 1/cosine
Rangeof cosine is(-1,1)
Secant function cannot lie between (-1,1)
So -0.43 is not in the rqnge of secant function
Solution
Secant is 1/cosine
Rangeof cosine is(-1,1)
Secant function cannot lie between (-1,1)
So -0.43 is not in the rqnge of secant function.
Ro is the reproduction number. It gives the average number of people.pdfankit482504
Ro is the reproduction number. It gives the average number of people who will catch a diseae
from one person.
Ro = C * P * D
C = the number of contacts made by the infectious person per unit time (day, week, month, etc.)
P = chance of transmission per contact with the infectious person
D = the duration which an infected person remains infectious to others
Hence, RO = 1000 x 0.0002 x 3 = 0.6
Solution
Ro is the reproduction number. It gives the average number of people who will catch a diseae
from one person.
Ro = C * P * D
C = the number of contacts made by the infectious person per unit time (day, week, month, etc.)
P = chance of transmission per contact with the infectious person
D = the duration which an infected person remains infectious to others
Hence, RO = 1000 x 0.0002 x 3 = 0.6.
the salt bridge acts as a porous wall between the.pdfankit482504
the salt bridge acts as a porous wall between the electrolytes one can use graphite
sheets instead of that the air bubble occupies good enough space and limits the transfer of ions to
a good extent
Solution
the salt bridge acts as a porous wall between the electrolytes one can use graphite
sheets instead of that the air bubble occupies good enough space and limits the transfer of ions to
a good extent.
Look at the Periodic Table. Elements are more me.pdfankit482504
Look at the Periodic Table. Elements are more metallic as you go down a group.
The more metallic they are, the more ionic character they would have in a bond with Cl.
Solution
Look at the Periodic Table. Elements are more metallic as you go down a group.
The more metallic they are, the more ionic character they would have in a bond with Cl..
CCl4 because it has for bond pairs and 0 lone pai.pdfankit482504
CCl4 because it has for bond pairs and 0 lone pairs n SP3 hybidization
Solution
CCl4 because it has for bond pairs and 0 lone pairs n SP3 hybidization.
b.Ignore the fact that the orbitals for carbon an.pdfankit482504
b.Ignore the fact that the orbitals for carbon and oxygen are different. Combine the
orbitals to make new CO molecular orbitals.
Solution
b.Ignore the fact that the orbitals for carbon and oxygen are different. Combine the
orbitals to make new CO molecular orbitals..
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Nature of the reports produced. Financial accounting reports tend to.pdf
1. Nature of the reports produced. Financial accounting reports tend to be general purpose. That is,
they contain financial information that will be useful for a broad range of users and decisions
rather than being specifically designed for the needs of a particular group or set of decisions.
Management accounting reports, on the other hand, are often for a specific purpose. They are
designed either with a particular decision in mind or for a particular manager. Level of detail.
Financial reports provide users with a broad overview of the performance and position of the
business for a period. As a result, information is aggregated and detail is often lost. Management
accounting reports, however, often provide managers with considerable detail to help them with
a particular operational decision. Regulations. Financial reports, for many businesses, are
subject to accounting regulations that try to ensure they are produced with standard content and
in a standard format. Law and accounting rule setters impose these regulations. Since
management accounting reports are for internal use only, there are no regulations from external
sources concerning the form and content of the reports. They can be designed to meet the needs
of particular managers. Reporting interval. For most businesses, financial accounting reports are
produced on an annual basis, though many large businesses produce half-yearly reports and a
few produce quarterly ones. Management accounting reports may be produced as frequently as
required by managers. In many businesses, managers are provided with certain reports on a
monthly, weekly or even daily basis, which allows them to check progress frequently. In
addition, special-purpose reports will be prepared when required (for example, to evaluate a
proposal to purchase a piece of machinery). Time horizon. Financial reports reflect the
performance and position of the business for the past period. In essence, they are backward
looking. Management accounting reports, on the other hand, often provide information
concerning future performance as well as past performance. It is an oversimplification, however,
to suggest that financial accounting reports never incorporate expectations concerning the future.
Occasionally, businesses will release projected information to other users in an attempt to raise
capital or to fight off unwanted takeover bids. Range and quality of information. Financial
accounting reports concentrate on information that can be quantified in monetary terms.
Management accounting also produces such reports, but is also more likely to produce reports
that contain information of a non-financial nature such as measures of physical quantities of
inventories (stocks) and output. Financial accounting places greater emphasis on the use of
objective, verifiable evidence when preparing reports. Management accounting reports may use
information that is less objective and verifiable, but they provide managers with the information
they need.
Solution
Nature of the reports produced. Financial accounting reports tend to be general purpose. That is,
2. they contain financial information that will be useful for a broad range of users and decisions
rather than being specifically designed for the needs of a particular group or set of decisions.
Management accounting reports, on the other hand, are often for a specific purpose. They are
designed either with a particular decision in mind or for a particular manager. Level of detail.
Financial reports provide users with a broad overview of the performance and position of the
business for a period. As a result, information is aggregated and detail is often lost. Management
accounting reports, however, often provide managers with considerable detail to help them with
a particular operational decision. Regulations. Financial reports, for many businesses, are
subject to accounting regulations that try to ensure they are produced with standard content and
in a standard format. Law and accounting rule setters impose these regulations. Since
management accounting reports are for internal use only, there are no regulations from external
sources concerning the form and content of the reports. They can be designed to meet the needs
of particular managers. Reporting interval. For most businesses, financial accounting reports are
produced on an annual basis, though many large businesses produce half-yearly reports and a
few produce quarterly ones. Management accounting reports may be produced as frequently as
required by managers. In many businesses, managers are provided with certain reports on a
monthly, weekly or even daily basis, which allows them to check progress frequently. In
addition, special-purpose reports will be prepared when required (for example, to evaluate a
proposal to purchase a piece of machinery). Time horizon. Financial reports reflect the
performance and position of the business for the past period. In essence, they are backward
looking. Management accounting reports, on the other hand, often provide information
concerning future performance as well as past performance. It is an oversimplification, however,
to suggest that financial accounting reports never incorporate expectations concerning the future.
Occasionally, businesses will release projected information to other users in an attempt to raise
capital or to fight off unwanted takeover bids. Range and quality of information. Financial
accounting reports concentrate on information that can be quantified in monetary terms.
Management accounting also produces such reports, but is also more likely to produce reports
that contain information of a non-financial nature such as measures of physical quantities of
inventories (stocks) and output. Financial accounting places greater emphasis on the use of
objective, verifiable evidence when preparing reports. Management accounting reports may use
information that is less objective and verifiable, but they provide managers with the information
they need.
