Laser dentistry uses lasers as an alternative to drills and scalpels to treat dental issues like cavities, gum disease, and teeth whitening. Lasers minimize pain during procedures by allowing many patients to forgo anesthesia. Clinical studies show 96% of patients need no anesthesia with lasers. Lasers are approved by the FDA and precise, reducing healing times compared to traditional methods.
Research methodology provides guidance on conducting research systematically and scientifically. It explains both qualitative and quantitative research methods and the steps of the research process, including defining the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. Key aspects of research methodology include formulating testable hypotheses, designing studies (e.g. experiments) to test hypotheses, and using statistical analysis to accept or reject null hypotheses.
This document discusses different study designs used in research methodology. It begins with definitions of key concepts like independent and dependent variables. It explains the need for well-designed studies and important features. Different types of studies are described, including descriptive, analytical, experimental and observational designs. Experimental designs are discussed in more detail, covering principles of replication, randomization and local control. Different classification systems for epidemiological studies are also presented.
1. Research is a systematic investigation to increase knowledge. It is needed locally to account for ethnic, cultural, economic factors.
2. Research methodology involves designing and conducting research, while EBM uses existing research evidence along with clinical expertise and patient preferences.
3. The main types of research are quantitative (descriptive, analytical) and qualitative. Descriptive studies observe phenomena while analytical studies assess relationships.
Slides I used in a Research Methodology seminar I gave in 2010 for the Interactive Art PhD at School of Arts of the Portuguese Catholic University, Porto, Portugal (http://artes.ucp.pt)
This document summarizes key aspects of research methodology. It defines research and discusses the differences between thesis, dissertation, and different categories and types of research studies. It also outlines the procedural steps in research including problem selection, literature review, study design, data collection and analysis. Different research strategies and types of epidemiologic studies such as descriptive, analytical, case-control and cohort studies are described. Ethics in research are also briefly mentioned.
The document discusses the field of public health dentistry. It provides definitions of key terms like public health and dental public health. It describes the historical development of public health and changing concepts in public health from disease control to health promotion to social engineering to health for all. It outlines tools used in dental public health like epidemiology and biostatistics. It discusses characteristics of ideal public health measures and services provided through public health dentistry.
Laser dentistry uses lasers as an alternative to drills and scalpels to treat dental issues like cavities, gum disease, and teeth whitening. Lasers minimize pain during procedures by allowing many patients to forgo anesthesia. Clinical studies show 96% of patients need no anesthesia with lasers. Lasers are approved by the FDA and precise, reducing healing times compared to traditional methods.
Research methodology provides guidance on conducting research systematically and scientifically. It explains both qualitative and quantitative research methods and the steps of the research process, including defining the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. Key aspects of research methodology include formulating testable hypotheses, designing studies (e.g. experiments) to test hypotheses, and using statistical analysis to accept or reject null hypotheses.
This document discusses different study designs used in research methodology. It begins with definitions of key concepts like independent and dependent variables. It explains the need for well-designed studies and important features. Different types of studies are described, including descriptive, analytical, experimental and observational designs. Experimental designs are discussed in more detail, covering principles of replication, randomization and local control. Different classification systems for epidemiological studies are also presented.
1. Research is a systematic investigation to increase knowledge. It is needed locally to account for ethnic, cultural, economic factors.
2. Research methodology involves designing and conducting research, while EBM uses existing research evidence along with clinical expertise and patient preferences.
3. The main types of research are quantitative (descriptive, analytical) and qualitative. Descriptive studies observe phenomena while analytical studies assess relationships.
Slides I used in a Research Methodology seminar I gave in 2010 for the Interactive Art PhD at School of Arts of the Portuguese Catholic University, Porto, Portugal (http://artes.ucp.pt)
This document summarizes key aspects of research methodology. It defines research and discusses the differences between thesis, dissertation, and different categories and types of research studies. It also outlines the procedural steps in research including problem selection, literature review, study design, data collection and analysis. Different research strategies and types of epidemiologic studies such as descriptive, analytical, case-control and cohort studies are described. Ethics in research are also briefly mentioned.
The document discusses the field of public health dentistry. It provides definitions of key terms like public health and dental public health. It describes the historical development of public health and changing concepts in public health from disease control to health promotion to social engineering to health for all. It outlines tools used in dental public health like epidemiology and biostatistics. It discusses characteristics of ideal public health measures and services provided through public health dentistry.
The document discusses research methodology and defines research. It provides examples of what constitutes research and what does not. Research is defined as a systematic, logical process that includes understanding the problem, reviewing literature, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and generalizing findings. The document also discusses types of research questions, purposes of research, and common challenges in conducting research.
The document outlines key aspects of research methodology including:
1. The objectives of research such as defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and evaluating data, making deductions, and testing conclusions.
2. The different types of research including descriptive, applied, quantitative, conceptual, empirical, qualitative, fundamental, and analytical research.
3. The methods of collecting data including primary methods like questionnaires, observations, interviews, and schedules and secondary methods of collecting published and unpublished data from various sources.
This document summarizes research methodology and design. It discusses types of research including pure and applied research as well as qualitative and quantitative research. It also outlines the research process including formulating research questions, developing a research proposal, and designing the research. The design considerations covered include design strategy, data collection methods, sampling, and pilot testing. It also discusses research ethics and characteristics of sound research.
Computer hardware devices include webcams, scanners, mice, speakers, trackballs, and light pens. Webcams connect via USB or network and are used for video calls and conferencing. Scanners optically scan images and documents into digital formats. Mice are pointing devices that detect motion to move a cursor. Speakers have internal amplifiers and audio jacks. Trackballs contain ball and sensors to detect rotation for cursor movement. Light pens allow pointing directly on CRT displays.
This document summarizes the key components of a research methodology section, including:
1) Explaining how data was collected and analyzed to obtain results.
2) Justifying the methods used by explaining why they were appropriate for the research objectives and data being collected.
3) Discussing any problems encountered and how they were addressed.
The document discusses research methodology and defines research. It provides examples of what constitutes research and what does not. Research is defined as a systematic, logical process that includes understanding the problem, reviewing literature, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and generalizing findings. The document also discusses types of research questions, purposes of research, and common challenges in conducting research.
The document outlines key aspects of research methodology including:
1. The objectives of research such as defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and evaluating data, making deductions, and testing conclusions.
2. The different types of research including descriptive, applied, quantitative, conceptual, empirical, qualitative, fundamental, and analytical research.
3. The methods of collecting data including primary methods like questionnaires, observations, interviews, and schedules and secondary methods of collecting published and unpublished data from various sources.
This document summarizes research methodology and design. It discusses types of research including pure and applied research as well as qualitative and quantitative research. It also outlines the research process including formulating research questions, developing a research proposal, and designing the research. The design considerations covered include design strategy, data collection methods, sampling, and pilot testing. It also discusses research ethics and characteristics of sound research.
Computer hardware devices include webcams, scanners, mice, speakers, trackballs, and light pens. Webcams connect via USB or network and are used for video calls and conferencing. Scanners optically scan images and documents into digital formats. Mice are pointing devices that detect motion to move a cursor. Speakers have internal amplifiers and audio jacks. Trackballs contain ball and sensors to detect rotation for cursor movement. Light pens allow pointing directly on CRT displays.
This document summarizes the key components of a research methodology section, including:
1) Explaining how data was collected and analyzed to obtain results.
2) Justifying the methods used by explaining why they were appropriate for the research objectives and data being collected.
3) Discussing any problems encountered and how they were addressed.
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