Nationwide LiDAR flights for massive orthophoto production presented at Hexagon Conference 2011 in Orlando

1. Geosystems @ Hexagon 2011
Nationwide LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages:
From PNOA in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador
Pedro Llorens – Stereocarto – Business development manager
Orlando 06/06/11

2. Stereocarto I
Mapping company since 1964
More than 100 employees
8 companies in the group covering the whole
geoinformation workflow: Capture, process
and exploitation
Activities:

Aerial survey (Photo & LiDAR)

Mapping & Orthophoto

GIS & SDI

Geoinformation consulting

Project management & quality assurance
Focused in innovation
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National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

3. Stereocarto II
Intergraph

3 Z)I Imaging DMC (w Applanix IMU)

ImageStation software
Leica Geosystems

2 ALS50 II (w IPAS IMU) LiDAR

1 ALS60 (w IPAS IMU) LiDAR

1 ADS40 SH52 (w IPAS IMU) sensor

1 RCD 105 medium format camera

XPro & Orima software

1 DSW700 Scanner
3
National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

4. INSPIRE European Union directive
 Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial
Information in the European Community (INSPIRE)
 Regulates aspects like metadata, interoperability, network services,
data sharing, etc.
 Is based in the existing SDI of the EU members
 Annex I, II and III define geospatial data:
 Annex I: Coordinate reference systems, geographical grid systems,
geographical names, addresses, etc.
 Annex II: Elevation, land cover, orthoimagery, geology.
 Annex III: Statistical units, land use, governmental services, agricultural
facilities, natural risk zones, etc.
4
National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

5. National implementation of INSPIRE directive
 Every EU state has to take transposition measures to develop
the INSPIRE directive
 In Spain LISIGE (Law on geographical information
infrastructures and services in Spain) was approved the 5th of
July 2010
 INSPIRE/LISIGE make compulsory to national and regional
goverments the web publication of geospatial data according to
INSPIRE data specifications and metadata definitions
 Spanish geographic institutes and government have supported
generation and normalization of geographic data
5
National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

6. First orthophoto national coverages in Spain
 During the 90’s there was a great development of the orthophoto
generation as a result of a global cadaster update that required
mapping and orthoimagery
 Seven Spanish companies (Including Stereocarto) acquired analytical
orthoprojection systems from Leica and Zeiss (Orthocomp)
 By the end of the 90’s, the distribution of agricultural subsidies and
crop control required aerial imagery of cultivated areas
 OLISTAT was the main project. Ministry of Agriculture made B/W 1m GSD
orthophoto of 80% of Spain (400,000 Km2) to count the number of olive trees.
This boosted the shift from analytical to digital photogrammetry workstations in
Spain.
 Since then the European Commission has consolidated its CAP
(Common Agricultural Policy) and has required updated
orthoimagery of the whole Spanish territory
 The Spanish Ministry of Agriculture is responsible of data
6
National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

7. Current projects: PNOA
(National Aerial Orthophoto Program)
 Spanish IGN (Instituto Geográfico Nacional) led an initiative to
consolidate the production of orthophotos in Spain in the PNOA
project
 IGN coordinated several ministries requiring orthoimagery, mainly:
Public Works (IGN), Environment, Agriculture and Finance
(Cadaster)
 There was a negotiation with the 19 regional governments to share
the costs (national government 66% - regional governments 34%)
 Strategies, specifications and quality assurance were developed
and adapted to INSPIRE/LISIGE and CAP requirements
 Orthophotos and DEMs are mainly used by IGN for dissemination,
by M. of Agriculture for CAP, by M. of Environment for flood risk
mapping and M. of Finance for Cadaster. Some regions license the
orthoimagery to Google Maps
7
National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

8. PNOA 2004
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National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

9. PNOA 2005
9
National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

10. PNOA 2006
10
National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

11. PNOA 2007
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National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

12. PNOA 2008
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National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

13. PNOA 2009
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National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

14. PNOA 2010
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National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

15. PNOA LiDAR 2009
15
National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

16. PNOA LiDAR 2010
16
National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

17. Technical requirements I
Massive image capture capability
 First nationwide orthophoto
projects were flown with
analogue cameras RC30 and
RMK TOP 15.
 Improvements in workflow
introduced by large format
digital cameras allowed
higher productivities and
higher update frequencies.
 Improvements in radiometry
and corregistration of NIR (4
band imagery) in digital
cameras boosted agricultural
and environmental
applications.
17
National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

18. Technical requirements II
Massive image orientation capability
 First nationwide
orthophoto projects were
aerotriangulated with
correlation APM systems.
 Ground control was one of
the main costs so bundle
adjustment with GPS
became mandatory.
 Further reductions in
ground control and the
need to facilitate APM has
made compulsory the use
of IMUs.
18
National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

19. Technical requirements III
Massive DEM extraction capability
 First nationwide orthophoto projects were based in correlated
DEMs
 The need of better quality DEMs with less edition time
suggested the use of LiDAR
 LiDAR had only been used in small areas like corridors, cities, river
basins, etc.
 LiDAR started its application in DEM extraction in huge areas
19
National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

20. Methodology requirements
 Despite all the benefits
introduced by digital cameras,
IMUs, LiDAR, etc. prices went
down and there was a need
for lower costs
 On the other hand, aerial data
capture keeps being the main
bottleneck and there is a need
to reduce the time required
and to maximize the use of
the time available.
 Photo-LiDAR combined flights
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National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA
in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

21. Thank You!
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