Narrative theory
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The document discusses several narrative theorists and their theories for analyzing narrative structure in films. Tzvetan Todorov and Vladimir Propp analyzed narratives based on stages of equilibrium, disruption, and restored equilibrium, and types of characters, respectively. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes used to create meaning. Claude Levi-Strauss recognized that narratives are arranged around conflicts between binary opposites. These theories can be applied to analyze the narrative structures in films, though their use may be limited in short films due to brevity.
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1950's thrillers
The Hays Code, which was enforced in the US from 1934 to 1967, banned depictions of obscene language, nudity, drug use, sexual perversion, and mixed race relationships from films. This influenced 1950s thrillers, which featured dark stories and protagonists that investigated crimes but sometimes used unconventional methods, within the constraints of the Hays Code. Narrative theories like those of Levi-Strauss and Barthes can be applied to analyze elements like confrontations between protagonist and antagonist or how character actions influence the plot in these films. Examples of acclaimed 1950s thrillers that conformed to the Code include Alfred Hitchcock's Dial 'M' for Murder and Rear Window, as well as Sunset Boulevard
2010's thrillers
The document discusses thrillers from the 2010s. It notes that the cancellation of the Hays Code in 1967 allowed thrillers to include more serious, violent and taboo topics. Modern thrillers from the 21st century depict confrontations between characters and challenges to reality in narratives. They also feature more complex representations of gender and portray main characters as antiheroes rather than purely positive heroes. The document provides examples of acclaimed 2010s thrillers like Black Swan, Inception, The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo, and Room that demonstrate these trends in modern thriller films.
Narrative theorists
Vladimir Propp studied the basic structure of fairy tales and discovered they contain stock characters like the hero, princess, helper, and villain. Although the document discusses characters, the author feels Propp's theory is more relevant for novels and films than a music video. Levi Strauss' theory of binary oppositions like good vs evil may apply to the opposition between the two females in the video. Barthes identified codes like the enigma code that intrigue audiences, and these could relate to intriguing details in the video. Todorov's stages of equilibrium disruption are deemed not relevant as the video lacks a linear storyline.
Textual Analysis
The document provides summaries of two short films:
Sweet is a 10-minute film about a man named Pete who has relationships with two women, Poppy and Daisy. It explores themes of the male gaze and follows common short film conventions like a short runtime and self-contained plot.
Black Button is a 7-minute film about a man named Mr. Robbins who is offered a deal by a strange man to push a black button for a reward, which leads to his downfall. It also follows short film conventions and can be analyzed through the lenses of Todorov's theory of narrative structure and Propp's characterization archetypes.
Narrative theory presentation
This document provides an overview of narrative theory and several influential theorists. It discusses what narratives are, how they are used in different media forms, and some common narrative structures and techniques. Several theorists are summarized, including Vladimir Propp's character archetypes, Tzvetan Todorov's model of narrative equilibrium and disruption, Roland Barthes' narrative codes, and Claude Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions in establishing meaning. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to foundational concepts in narrative theory and analysis.
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This PowerPoint is part of my A2 Media Studies coursework. It briefly explains narrative theory, before going on to talk about different narrative theorists, and how their theories are relevant to my work.
Narrative theory
Vladimir Propp was a Russian theorist who analyzed over 100 Russian fairytales and identified 7 main character types based on their roles and functions, including the hero, villain, donor, dispatcher, false hero, helper, and princess. Propp's theory is often subverted in horror films since the goal is typically survival rather than rewarding the hero. However, a villain still opposes the hero and must be defeated.
Noir films
This document defines and provides examples of film noir and neo-noir. It states that film noir refers to dark Hollywood thriller films from the 1940s-1950s that captured a pessimistic view of post-WW2 American society. It lists influential noir directors and their films, and notes the influence of German Expressionist films on the noir genre. Key elements of noir discussed include night scenes, blurred lines between heroes and villains, and "femme fatales". Neo-noir expanded noir's dark themes to reflect 1960s-present pessimism, while still using the visual style of classic noir films.
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1950's thrillers
The Hays Code, which was enforced in the US from 1934 to 1967, banned depictions of obscene language, nudity, drug use, sexual perversion, and mixed race relationships from films. This influenced 1950s thrillers, which featured dark stories and protagonists that investigated crimes but sometimes used unconventional methods, within the constraints of the Hays Code. Narrative theories like those of Levi-Strauss and Barthes can be applied to analyze elements like confrontations between protagonist and antagonist or how character actions influence the plot in these films. Examples of acclaimed 1950s thrillers that conformed to the Code include Alfred Hitchcock's Dial 'M' for Murder and Rear Window, as well as Sunset Boulevard
2010's thrillers
The document discusses thrillers from the 2010s. It notes that the cancellation of the Hays Code in 1967 allowed thrillers to include more serious, violent and taboo topics. Modern thrillers from the 21st century depict confrontations between characters and challenges to reality in narratives. They also feature more complex representations of gender and portray main characters as antiheroes rather than purely positive heroes. The document provides examples of acclaimed 2010s thrillers like Black Swan, Inception, The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo, and Room that demonstrate these trends in modern thriller films.
Narrative theorists
Vladimir Propp studied the basic structure of fairy tales and discovered they contain stock characters like the hero, princess, helper, and villain. Although the document discusses characters, the author feels Propp's theory is more relevant for novels and films than a music video. Levi Strauss' theory of binary oppositions like good vs evil may apply to the opposition between the two females in the video. Barthes identified codes like the enigma code that intrigue audiences, and these could relate to intriguing details in the video. Todorov's stages of equilibrium disruption are deemed not relevant as the video lacks a linear storyline.
Textual Analysis
The document provides summaries of two short films:
Sweet is a 10-minute film about a man named Pete who has relationships with two women, Poppy and Daisy. It explores themes of the male gaze and follows common short film conventions like a short runtime and self-contained plot.
Black Button is a 7-minute film about a man named Mr. Robbins who is offered a deal by a strange man to push a black button for a reward, which leads to his downfall. It also follows short film conventions and can be analyzed through the lenses of Todorov's theory of narrative structure and Propp's characterization archetypes.
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This document provides an overview of narrative theory and several influential theorists. It discusses what narratives are, how they are used in different media forms, and some common narrative structures and techniques. Several theorists are summarized, including Vladimir Propp's character archetypes, Tzvetan Todorov's model of narrative equilibrium and disruption, Roland Barthes' narrative codes, and Claude Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions in establishing meaning. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to foundational concepts in narrative theory and analysis.
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This PowerPoint is part of my A2 Media Studies coursework. It briefly explains narrative theory, before going on to talk about different narrative theorists, and how their theories are relevant to my work.
Narrative theory
Vladimir Propp was a Russian theorist who analyzed over 100 Russian fairytales and identified 7 main character types based on their roles and functions, including the hero, villain, donor, dispatcher, false hero, helper, and princess. Propp's theory is often subverted in horror films since the goal is typically survival rather than rewarding the hero. However, a villain still opposes the hero and must be defeated.
Noir films
This document defines and provides examples of film noir and neo-noir. It states that film noir refers to dark Hollywood thriller films from the 1940s-1950s that captured a pessimistic view of post-WW2 American society. It lists influential noir directors and their films, and notes the influence of German Expressionist films on the noir genre. Key elements of noir discussed include night scenes, blurred lines between heroes and villains, and "femme fatales". Neo-noir expanded noir's dark themes to reflect 1960s-present pessimism, while still using the visual style of classic noir films.
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Crime genre history
The earliest known crime story was "The Three Apples" from One Thousand and One Nights. In the 1920s-1930s, the Golden Age of crime fiction emerged with significant authors like Agatha Christie and Dorothy L. Sayers writing detective stories that typically involved a stranger being found dead and a detective investigating the suspects connected to the victim. Modern crime dramas now sometimes portray the police as antagonists and criminals as protagonists, though the traditional format of discovering a body and investigating clues remains popular in shows like CSI.
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Strauss binary opposites
Strauss developed the theory of binary opposites, which argues that words derive meaning from their relationship with opposing words. Binary opposites are frequently used in films, especially horror, with common pairs including good vs evil, sane vs insane, and human vs supernatural. While opposites were once simple, like good vs bad in fighting films, modern films use more complex and unusual pairs, as seen in the gradual revelation of vampires vs werewolves in the Twilight series. Harry Potter also relies on the clear binary of Harry as the good guy opposed to Voldemort as the evil one.
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This document discusses how the media product represents various social groups:
- The protagonist, Agent Savs, is black, which is unconventional for the crime thriller genre which usually features white protagonists.
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- In the opening scenes, it only features male characters, which is common for action sequences to portray men as more violent and strong, though full films usually include a love interest as well.
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Media eval q2
The media product represents some non-traditional social groups:
- The protagonist, Agent Savs, is black, providing a counter-stereotype to the typically white male leads in crime thrillers.
- The antagonists are made foreign and specifically Russian, following stereotypes used in American and British cinema to vilify nations they have tensions with.
- The opening scene only includes male characters, reflecting the tendency to portray males in more aggressive action sequences, though full films usually include female characters.
Media Evaluation Q3
The media product represents some non-traditional social groups:
- The protagonist, Agent Savs, is black, providing a counter-stereotype to the typically white male leads in crime thrillers.
- The antagonists are made foreign and specifically Russian, following stereotypes used in American and British cinema to vilify nations they have tensions with.
- The opening scene only includes male characters, reflecting the tendency to portray males in more aggressive action sequences, though full films usually include female characters.
IN WHAT WAYS DOES YOUR MEDIA PRODUCT USE, DEVELOP OR CHALLENGE FORMS AND CONV...
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This document introduces several theorists of narrative structure, including Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, Roland Barthes, and Claude Levi-Strauss. It summarizes some of their main contributions: Todorov proposed narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium. Propp identified 31 narrative functions that follow a sequential order. Barthes described codes like the hermeneutic code that establish narrative mysteries. And Levi-Strauss viewed narratives as based on binary oppositions that reveal deeper ideological meanings.
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Film theories
Structuralism states that culture conveys meaning through systems of signs and codes, similar to how language works. Structuralist film theory examines how films use conventions and codes to convey meaning to audiences. Structuralists believe experienced audiences can better understand films because there are underlying structures in film texts that experienced viewers are more familiar with.
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The document discusses the history and evolution of the thriller genre from its origins in the 1920s to modern times. It explores how thrillers first focused on creating feelings of emotion and suspense through films like The Lodger in the 1920s. During the 1960s-1980s, thrillers became bolder and more violent with films like Psycho and Frenzy. In the 1990s, common thriller themes involved obsession and detectives hunting serial killers, as seen in films like The Silence of the Lambs. Modern thrillers continue to draw from different eras while also focusing on crime and terrorism.
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This document discusses various concepts and theories related to narrative structure in film. It defines key terms like narrative, diegesis, story and plot. It also describes different types of narrative range, depth, and theories put forward by Vladimir Propp and Tzvetan Todorov regarding character types and conventional narrative structure. Finally, it outlines Allan Cameron's theory of modular narratives, identifying four types: anachronic, forking paths, episodic, and split screens narratives.
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This document discusses various narrative theories and concepts related to genre. It covers Vladimir Propp's identification of 8 main character archetypes in films. It also discusses Tzvetan Todorov's structure of equilibrium being disrupted, the disruption recognized, an attempt to repair damage, and a new equilibrium. Additionally, it covers genre theories such as genres interacting with each other rather than being pure; conventions within genres like iconography, narrative patterns, representations, and ideologies in horror films; and that what is considered scary changes over time while genre principles remain.
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The document summarizes several key narrative theorists and their theories about narrative structure in films. Todorov suggested that narratives follow five stages: equilibrium, disruption, recognition of disruption, attempt to repair damage, and new equilibrium. Levi-Strauss believed narratives are constructed around binary opposites like good vs. evil. Barthes said texts can be open or closed and contain different codes like symbolic and cultural codes. Kubrick believed films only need 7 compelling elements to engage audiences rather than unnecessary plot details.
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Narrative theory examines how stories are structured and told. Tzvetan Todorov proposed that most narratives follow a five-stage structure: equilibrium, disruption, recognition of disruption, attempted repair, return to equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified five codes that are present in texts: hermeneutic code, proairetic code, semantic code, symbolic code, and cultural code. Syd Field suggested that films can be divided into three dramatic acts: the setup (Act 1), the confrontation (Act 2), and the resolution (Act 3). Major plot points occur between acts to change the direction of the story.
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The document summarizes several narrative theories and how they relate to a music video project. It discusses Todorov's five stages of narrative structure, Propp's character archetypes, Levi-Strauss' concept of binary opposites driving conflict, and Barthes' five narrative codes including enigma, action, semantic, symbolic, and referential codes. Examples are given of how elements from the theories can be seen in the music video, such as the disruption/resolution structure, limited character types, and tensions created through racial binary opposites.
Crime genre history
The earliest known crime story was "The Three Apples" from One Thousand and One Nights. In the 1920s-1930s, the Golden Age of crime fiction emerged with significant authors like Agatha Christie and Dorothy L. Sayers writing detective stories that typically involved a stranger being found dead and a detective investigating the suspects connected to the victim. Modern crime dramas now sometimes portray the police as antagonists and criminals as protagonists, though the traditional format of discovering a body and investigating clues remains popular in shows like CSI.
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Strauss developed the theory of binary opposites, which argues that words derive meaning from their relationship with opposing words. Binary opposites are frequently used in films, especially horror, with common pairs including good vs evil, sane vs insane, and human vs supernatural. While opposites were once simple, like good vs bad in fighting films, modern films use more complex and unusual pairs, as seen in the gradual revelation of vampires vs werewolves in the Twilight series. Harry Potter also relies on the clear binary of Harry as the good guy opposed to Voldemort as the evil one.
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This document discusses how the media product represents various social groups:
- The protagonist, Agent Savs, is black, which is unconventional for the crime thriller genre which usually features white protagonists.
- The antagonists are made foreign, following common stereotypes in British and American cinema of villainizing other nations. In this case, the antagonists are Russian.
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Media eval q2
The media product represents some non-traditional social groups:
- The protagonist, Agent Savs, is black, providing a counter-stereotype to the typically white male leads in crime thrillers.
- The antagonists are made foreign and specifically Russian, following stereotypes used in American and British cinema to vilify nations they have tensions with.
- The opening scene only includes male characters, reflecting the tendency to portray males in more aggressive action sequences, though full films usually include female characters.
Media Evaluation Q3
The media product represents some non-traditional social groups:
- The protagonist, Agent Savs, is black, providing a counter-stereotype to the typically white male leads in crime thrillers.
- The antagonists are made foreign and specifically Russian, following stereotypes used in American and British cinema to vilify nations they have tensions with.
- The opening scene only includes male characters, reflecting the tendency to portray males in more aggressive action sequences, though full films usually include female characters.
IN WHAT WAYS DOES YOUR MEDIA PRODUCT USE, DEVELOP OR CHALLENGE FORMS AND CONV...
My media product, called Best Friends, was a short psychological horror film that used and developed conventions from Roman Polanski's 1968 film Rosemary's Baby. It opened with an establishing shot of an abandoned park, like Rosemary's Baby's shot of the apartment building. It also explored binary themes of life/death and fantasy/reality. While using conventions like mise-en-scene, it also subverted them - the protagonist and antagonist wore black, usually coded as evil, to create ambiguity. Non-diegetic sound like voiceover narration challenged conventions by providing additional information about characters' thoughts.
Film narrative theory
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Narrative theory
This document introduces several theorists of narrative structure, including Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, Roland Barthes, and Claude Levi-Strauss. It summarizes some of their main contributions: Todorov proposed narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium. Propp identified 31 narrative functions that follow a sequential order. Barthes described codes like the hermeneutic code that establish narrative mysteries. And Levi-Strauss viewed narratives as based on binary oppositions that reveal deeper ideological meanings.
IN WHAT WAY DOES YOUR MEDIA PRODUCT USE, DEVELOP,OR CHALLENGE FORMS AND CONVE...
My media product, called Best Friends, was a short psychological horror film that used conventions from Roman Polanski's 1968 film Rosemary's Baby to explore themes of life/death and fantasy/reality. The opening scene replicated Rosemary's Baby's establishing shot of the apartment building to anchor the key location of an abandoned park. While adhering to horror conventions like mis-en-scene, the film also sought to subvert expectations by dressing both the protagonist and antagonist in black to create ambiguity about who was the villain. Non-diegetic sound, like a narrating voiceover throughout, challenged conventions by conveying additional information about characters' thoughts.
Film director case study my own
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This presentation outlines some of the film techniques dealt with in one of the closing scenes of V for Vendetta. It's aim is to help scaffold writing an essay on the idea of Justice and Revenge or Power and Control in regard to the final fight scene, where Adam Sutler and Creedy are killed - aiming at Excellence for Level 1 NCEA.
Narrative theory
Propp identified a limited number of character types that appear in narratives, including villains, heroes, donors, helpers, princesses, fathers, dispatchers, and false heroes. Todorov suggested that narratives follow a pattern of normality, disruption of normality, and restoration of normality. Barthes identified five codes that help readers make sense of narratives: the action code, referential code, semantic code, enigma code, and symbolic code. Levi-Strauss introduced the concept of binary oppositions in narratives, which are conflicts between two opposing qualities or terms. Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning about events through their use of characters, structure, and codes.
Film theories
Structuralism states that culture conveys meaning through systems of signs and codes, similar to how language works. Structuralist film theory examines how films use conventions and codes to convey meaning to audiences. Structuralists believe experienced audiences can better understand films because there are underlying structures in film texts that experienced viewers are more familiar with.
AS Media: Thriller Genre Research
The document discusses the history and evolution of the thriller genre from its origins in the 1920s to modern times. It explores how thrillers first focused on creating feelings of emotion and suspense through films like The Lodger in the 1920s. During the 1960s-1980s, thrillers became bolder and more violent with films like Psycho and Frenzy. In the 1990s, common thriller themes involved obsession and detectives hunting serial killers, as seen in films like The Silence of the Lambs. Modern thrillers continue to draw from different eras while also focusing on crime and terrorism.
Critical Perspectives: Narrative
This document discusses various concepts and theories related to narrative structure in film. It defines key terms like narrative, diegesis, story and plot. It also describes different types of narrative range, depth, and theories put forward by Vladimir Propp and Tzvetan Todorov regarding character types and conventional narrative structure. Finally, it outlines Allan Cameron's theory of modular narratives, identifying four types: anachronic, forking paths, episodic, and split screens narratives.
Vladimir propp’s character theroy
Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified that narratives typically involve 8 character stereotypes. His theory suggests The Dark Knight follows these stereotypes through the main characters of Batman, The Joker, Lucius Fox, Alfred Pennyworth, Commissioner Gordon, and Rachel Dawes fitting the roles of The Hero, The Villain, The Donor, The Helper, The Dispatcher, and The Princess respectively. Each character fulfills an essential role in driving the narrative forward according to Propp's theory.
Narrative theory
This document discusses various narrative theories and concepts related to genre. It covers Vladimir Propp's identification of 8 main character archetypes in films. It also discusses Tzvetan Todorov's structure of equilibrium being disrupted, the disruption recognized, an attempt to repair damage, and a new equilibrium. Additionally, it covers genre theories such as genres interacting with each other rather than being pure; conventions within genres like iconography, narrative patterns, representations, and ideologies in horror films; and that what is considered scary changes over time while genre principles remain.
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The document discusses various narrative theory concepts like Todorov's 5 stages of narrative structure, Propp's 7 character archetypes, and Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions. It also covers Barthes' idea of codes used in narratives and concludes by outlining an assignment to perform a semiotic analysis of a print advertisement.
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Narrative theories help understand narrative structure by identifying patterns and elements within stories. Propp's theory breaks down characters into roles like hero, villain, princess that serve functions in the narrative. Star Wars and Léon apply Propp's roles. Todorov sees narratives following five steps from equilibrium to resolution. Léon fits this pattern. Lévi-Strauss argues narratives use binary oppositions like good vs evil that thicken the plot. Theories have limitations but analyze choices that reveal a narrative's underlying structure.
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The document provides information about narrative theory and concepts that can be used to analyze media productions for an exam. It discusses several narrative theories and concepts, including:
1. Tzvetan Todorov's concept of narrative structure as involving an initial equilibrium, a disruption of equilibrium (disequilibrium), and a resolution or new equilibrium.
2. Vladimir Propp's concept of character archetypes in narratives, such as the hero, villain, helper, donor, princess, dispatcher, and false hero.
3. Roland Barthes' concepts of the hermeneutic (enigma) code and proairetic (action) code that create mystery and suspense in narratives.
4.
Tv drama 3 representation of masculinity
This document provides information about analyzing narratives in television and film. It discusses several key concepts:
- Narrative refers to storytelling and how different elements are organized to create an entertaining and meaningful story. Narrative structure is how a story unfolds, which can be open or closed.
- Narratives can be linear and told chronologically or non-linear and out of order. Multi-stranded narratives involve multiple plots occurring simultaneously.
- Narrative theories like those proposed by Tzvetan Todorov can provide insight into how meaning is created and the codes and conventions of different genres. Todorov's theory involves 5 stages of narrative progression.
- When analyzing dramas,
Narrative theory
The narrative theory analyzes how stories are structured and organized to convey meaning. Tzvetan Todorov suggested that narratives follow a 5-stage structure: establishing equilibrium, disrupting equilibrium, recognizing the disruption, attempting repair, and reinstating equilibrium. Vladimir Propp analyzed fairy tales and proposed that most stories feature 8 character types. Claude Levi-Strauss theorized that all narratives are based on binary oppositions, with the central climax revolving around an opposition such as good vs evil, strong vs weak, etc.
Tv drama 3 representation of masculinity
This document provides information about analyzing narratives in television and film. It discusses several key concepts:
- Narrative refers to storytelling and how different elements are organized to create an entertaining and meaningful story. Narrative structure is how a story unfolds, which can be open or closed.
- Narratives can be linear and told chronologically or non-linear and out of chronological order. Multi-stranded narratives involve multiple storylines happening simultaneously.
- Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory proposes that narratives aim to restore equilibrium after a disruption through five stages: equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, new equilibrium.
- When analyzing television dramas, it can
Investigating narrative
Narrative is a chain of causally linked events that occurs over time, and it is found in many forms of entertainment like literature, film, and music. In film specifically, narrative relies on techniques like editing, cinematography, and sound to manipulate time and convey meaning. It is structured around key concepts like plot, character, and point of view. Common narrative structures in film include the three-act structure and Tzvetan Todorov's five stages of equilibrium, disequilibrium, new equilibrium. Modern films also employ modular narratives that manipulate time in nonlinear ways through techniques like flashbacks, parallel timelines, and split screens. Narrative is crucial for films because it allows audiences to understand and engage with story
Todorovs theory
This document discusses different theories of narrative and storytelling. It explains that narrative is an account of connected events, and is the basis of storytelling in many media forms. It outlines Vladimir Propp's analysis of character roles in stories, including the hero, villain, donor, and dispatcher. Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory states that most stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption, realization, and restored order. Finally, Roland Barthes proposed that narratives use codes like action, enigma, symbolism, and culture to engage the reader.
Narrative theory
This document discusses several narrative theories:
- Narrative is how a story is told through a sequence of events, while the plot is the order characters learn about events.
- Barthes identified narrative codes like action and enigma that help audiences understand media texts.
- Levi-Strauss said narratives are propelled by conflicts that must be resolved.
- Todorov outlined a typical narrative form of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, new equilibrium.
- Propp identified 31 narrative functions and 7 character types that commonly appear in stories, influencing many storytellers.
Investigating narrative
This document discusses different aspects of narrative structure in film. It begins by defining narrative as "a chain of events in a cause-effect relationship occurring in time." The document then examines various elements that comprise narrative, including story, plot, time manipulation through montage, point of view, and narrative conventions. It explores theories from Syd Field about the three-act structure in screenplays, and from Tzvetan Todrov about a five-stage model of narrative disruption and restoration of equilibrium. Finally, it analyzes different types of modular narrative as identified by Allan Cameron, such as anachronic, forking paths, episodic, and split-screen narratives.
Investigating narrative
This document discusses different aspects of narrative structure in film. It begins by defining narrative as "a chain of events in a cause-effect relationship occurring in time." The document then examines various elements that comprise narrative, including story, plot, time manipulation through montage, point of view, and narration. It explores theories of narrative structure from Syd Field, who proposed the three-act system of setup, confrontation, and resolution, and Tzvetan Todrov, who described a five-stage model of equilibrium, disequilibrium, recognition, attempt to repair, and reinstatement of equilibrium. Finally, it categorizes different types of modular narrative as anachronic, forking paths, episodic, and split
Documentary’s post 3
The document discusses the purpose and history of documentaries. It states that documentaries use real events and interviews to educate audiences on topics they may not be familiar with. It notes that John Grierson first used the term "documentary" and helped establish the documentary film unit in the UK in the 1930s to use film as a force for positive change. The document then provides brief overviews of several theorists and their perspectives on narrative and codes within documentaries and other media texts.
J ade notes
Vladimir Propp developed a character theory identifying 7 broad character types that commonly appear in stories, including the hero, villain, donor, dispatcher, false hero, helper, and princess or prize. Propp's theory analyzes the X-Men characters into these types, with the hero being the central character whose actions restore order. Tzvetan Todorov's theory views stories as progressing through equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, and new equilibrium states. Roland Barthes and enigma codes use questions to create narrative suspense. William Gibson notes that audiences buy into narratives and characters rather than just products. Binary oppositions reveal narrative structures through paired concepts like good vs evil. Ideologies underpin representations
Narrative Theory (Postmodernism)
The document discusses various narrative theories and theorists that are relevant for evaluating media productions. It describes key concepts of narrative like story, discourse, diegesis, and verisimilitude. Theories covered include Todorov's 5 stages of narrative, Propp's character archetypes, and Campbell's monomyth structure. The document reinforces that narratives across cultures generally have common structures and use binary oppositions. It emphasizes distinguishing narrative structure from theme or ideology.
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Narrative theory
- 2. Tzvetan Todorov Born: March 1, 1939 Bulgaria
- 3. All films follow the same narrative pattern. There are five stages the narrative can progress through, 1. Equilibrium 2. Disruption 3. Recognition 4. Attempt to repair the damage of disruption 5. A return or restoration of equilibrium Example Movie: Sausage (short film) 1. We met both the male and female market vendors . 2. A slick fast food vendor is introduced to the market. 3. The slick fast food vendor sets to steal all customers at the market. 4. The event then sets the male and female market vendors to come together by doing their products and get their customers back. 5. The problem is solved as they work together and harmony is resolved, though things have changed because their products have now become one. not be relevant but they do connect towards the end of the film. Flashbacks and Flash-forwards reinsure a break from the narrative which shows a diffe
- 4. Vladimir Propp Born: April 17, 1895 Russia
- 5. The idea that a certain character was to be used in every narrative structure. He discovered that all characters should fall into 7 broader character types, all of which can be identified in a variety of different media. • Hero • Dispatcher • Helper • Villain • Princess/father • False hero • Donor Example Movie: Harry Potter •Harry Potter •Albus Dumbledore •Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger •Lord Voldemort •Ginny Weasley •Draco Malfoy •Sirius Black Using this theory in a short film is not likely mainly because short films involve maximum 2 charters and most obvious it is a short film which mean
- 6. Roland Barthes Born: November 12, 1915 France
- 7. He identified 5 narrative codes that were used within film to create meanings 1.Enigma codes 2.Semic codes 3.Symbolic codes 4.Action codes 5.Cultural codes Enigma codes is simply a theory that suggests a text that portrays a mystery to draw an audience in. o be played out and rather lists certain features. His codes are simple and easy to apply to a short film also they are obvious e.g connotations are
- 8. Claude Levi-Strauss Born: November 28, 1908 Belgium
- 9. He acknowledged that we as humans make sense of the world, people and events by seeing and using binary oppositions. Narratives are arranged around the conflict of binary opposites, they are the central climax of a narrative structure. Binary Opposites Levi-Strauss discovered that the way certain words used do not depend on the meaning they directly contain, but by much more of our understanding of the difference between the word and its opposite. He realised the word act as symbols for society ideas and that the meaning of words was a relationship rather than a fixed thing. Examples • Good vs Evil • Girl vs Boy • Black vs White • Peace vs War • East vs West • Young vs Old • Man vs Nature • Ignorance vs Wisdom • Humanity vs Technology A short film can contain this theory however it must consist a creation of conflict/opposition propels narrative. The narrative can only end on a resolution of conflict, but the filmmaker needs opposites to create that tension and conflict. Oppositions in the short film can be visual, conceptual or to do with soundtrack e.g light vs darkness, love vs hate and