Despite the close relation between tourism and the territory, the application of spatial analysis methods in tourism is not abundant in the literature.
The recent developments in the analysis of space-time models, the existence of geo-referenced information and the availability of suitable software tools create new opportunities for studying the role of space in tourism activities.
An exploratory spatial data analysis is developed and a space-time panel model is computed in this work in order to analyse the relations between tourism demand and the existence of infrastructures, cultural assets and natural resources in European regions,
Spatial effects have been clearly identified.
The Strategic Tourism Plan for 2020 sets out the road map for Barcelona’s tourist policies
over the coming years, based on a participatory diagnosis. Its goal is to ensure the destination's sustainability, reconciling to the utmost all the elements at play and promoting the highest possible social return on tourist activities, where visitors’ expectations are met without any risk to the continued residence of those living in the city.
More information: http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/turisme/en/strategic-plan
Course v on ecosystems by redouane boulguid master mqhse national school of ...Rednef68 Rednef68
This course is prepared for Students/Professionals deepening their studies in the Sutainable Development, Environmental Management & Corporate Social Responsibility fields at the National School of Applied Sciences in Safi/Morocco.
Do you have the right culture to support your organisation strategy and goals?
Understand what culture is, the importance of culture to grow a high performance organisation. Learn what motivates people and how to create a healthy and inspiring workplace.Discover how to measure culture - make the intangible tangible. Learn from success stories of large international companies. Be introduced to a suite of tools to transform your organisation culture.
The Strategic Tourism Plan for 2020 sets out the road map for Barcelona’s tourist policies
over the coming years, based on a participatory diagnosis. Its goal is to ensure the destination's sustainability, reconciling to the utmost all the elements at play and promoting the highest possible social return on tourist activities, where visitors’ expectations are met without any risk to the continued residence of those living in the city.
More information: http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/turisme/en/strategic-plan
Course v on ecosystems by redouane boulguid master mqhse national school of ...Rednef68 Rednef68
This course is prepared for Students/Professionals deepening their studies in the Sutainable Development, Environmental Management & Corporate Social Responsibility fields at the National School of Applied Sciences in Safi/Morocco.
Do you have the right culture to support your organisation strategy and goals?
Understand what culture is, the importance of culture to grow a high performance organisation. Learn what motivates people and how to create a healthy and inspiring workplace.Discover how to measure culture - make the intangible tangible. Learn from success stories of large international companies. Be introduced to a suite of tools to transform your organisation culture.
Cours Techniques d'Expression & de Communication I - Initiation- ENSASafi Mor...Rednef68 Rednef68
Ce cours est destiné au étudiants de la licence professionnelle Universitaire (Diverses Disciplines) à l'Ecole des Sciences Appliquées de Safi pour le compte de l'année universitaire 2015/2016.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Using abstract diagrams and simple text, this slide show teaches the basic principles of landscape ecology patterns in natural and built environments, and how they support process.
Ernest Taylor, 3rd year PhD student at Coventry University, discusses his research and findings so far regarding community culture and tourism development in Jamaica, including the use of Ethnographic research methods.
Checkout How IBM is thriving a sustainable culture of design at IBM.
You will know about the IBM Design Heritage and how a bootstrap team refactor IBM Design in 2013 with the mission to create a design culture.
You will know more about the Core77 Award Winner IBM Design Education + Activation program which is the core for scaling design through out a 430,000 employes company.
The growth leads to the depletion of natural resources of the planet. One of them is wood. We use unnecessary paper! Too much mess! Beware of CO2 imbalance... The immediate solution to stop destroying forests: dematerialization of exchanges with legal convincing value. Zero paper! The electronic originals are sealed and encrypted in a nominative and communicating electronic safe. The identification of counterparts is made via Magicaxess, a new high tech of identification WITHOUT having to download a digital certificate!
The last edition of our NEWSTouR September 2014 gathers all the projects, activities and events where NECSTouR has been involved and committed during the last year.
In addition, you will also find relevant information concerning upcoming events, European Commission publications and other research studies related with sustainable and competitive tourism.
The Global Change Research Network in European Mountains (MRI Europe)
In the Alpine Space project COMUNIS (co-financed by the ERDF), eleven partners from Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Slovenia aim at facilitating the strategic steering of commercial location development (CLD) on the inter-municipal level. To this end, the location profile, the degree of inter-municipal cooperation, and the framework conditions for commercial land use management were examined in eight pilot areas. On the basis of best practice examples and theoretical models, strategy options of inter-municipal CLD were
developed and examined for applicability with regard to the situation and development
objectives of the pilot areas.
CULTURAL ECONOMY AND TOURISM: APPLICABLE METHODS IN MUSEUMSAlicia Orea
Cultural economy provides useful analysis methods for conducting studies on cultural tourism where museums represent one of the biggest tourist attractions. For this reason, it is important to analyze its economic value and the sociocultural impacts perceived by tourists and the local community.
Museum management can use different methods to obtain results and improve decision-making. In order to obtain better results and improve the decision-making process, this research proposes a literature review of Cultural Economy and methodologies in this field of study to determine a model applicable to the study of museums. The Choice Experiments method and the subjective quality indicators can help museums to know precisely the impact of the initiatives and proposals that they develop at any given time and redirect actions considering those elements that are better perceived and / or valued by the customers.
After determining the methods, the case of study was selected: Thyssen-Bornemisza National Museum (Madrid). Related to develop the analysis of this cases of study, first of all, the opinion of customers presented in TripAdvisor was analyzed to assess the different attributes of museums. After, the opinion of experts was considered through as a round-table. After that, two questionnaires will be designed and applied: the first one focused on tourists, and the second one on the local community. Finally, the data obtained will be analyzed and it will be possible to obtain conclusions applicable to the management of these museums that will improve decision- making.
RELATED PAPER: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alicia-Orea-Giner/publication/
342590846_Cultural_Economy_And_Tourism_Applicable_Methods_In_Museums_A_Preliminary_Analysis_Of_Thyssen- Bornemisza_National_Museum_Spain/links/5efc5c1b45851550508109af/Cultural-Economy-And-Tourism-Applicable-Methods-In-Museums-A- Preliminary-Analysis-Of-Thyssen-Bornemisza-National-Museum-Spain.pdf
An Analysis of Tourism Competitiveness Index of Europe and Caucasus: A Study ...IJRTEMJOURNAL
This study aims to find the association-ship between the Regional Rank of the Travel and
Tourism Competitiveness Index and its Indicators in 37 European countries. The cross-sectional data of the 37
European countries are collected from the World Economic Forum report- 2015. The statistical software
package, SPSS v. 20.0 is used to analyze the data. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), Multi-co-linearity, Multiple
Regression, and Residual Analysis are the tools used to analyze to achieve out the objective of the study. RR:
Regional Rank of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index is used as the dependent variable and TI:
Tourism Services Infrastructure, GP: Ground & Port Infrastructure, BE: Business Environment, PT:
Prioritization of Travel and Tourism, and CR: Cultural resources & business travel are used as the independent
variables. It is found that there is an inverse relationship between the dependent variable and all the
independent variables along with the statistical significance. It is recommended that the governments of the
European countries and the respective agents of these countries should be made aware of learning the findings
of this study to promote their countries which can be victorious in lowering their Regional Rank of the Travel
and Tourism Competitiveness Index.
Engendering sustainable socio-spatial environment for tourism activities in t...ijceronline
The South Eastern part of Nigeria was a single state of the twelve states of Nigeria before 1976 – East Central State. Presently, the area is made up of five states. This Paper presents a study carried out to assess the possibility of knitting the once-one-state and presently five states, together to form a tourist destination worthy of international importance. Although the unprecedented dearth of infrastructural development in the zone continues to be a subject of discussion, little attention has
been given to investigate the place of synergized intervention. Descriptive analysis was employed, in which the tourism potentials in the zone that are of national recognition were itemized. Data were collected on available amenities, resident population and accessibility of such potentials. Existing literature on various Environmental Management Systems were explored to elicit a system that is
capable of affording a sustainable environment for tourism matters in the zone. The study revealed that the zone exhibits similar socio-economic and physical characteristics that are replete with potentials for improvement for optimum tourism utility in the entire zone. Several measures were advanced in the study to achieve this, chief of which is the adoption of the Environmental Planning and Management (EPM) process
Cours Techniques d'Expression & de Communication I - Initiation- ENSASafi Mor...Rednef68 Rednef68
Ce cours est destiné au étudiants de la licence professionnelle Universitaire (Diverses Disciplines) à l'Ecole des Sciences Appliquées de Safi pour le compte de l'année universitaire 2015/2016.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Using abstract diagrams and simple text, this slide show teaches the basic principles of landscape ecology patterns in natural and built environments, and how they support process.
Ernest Taylor, 3rd year PhD student at Coventry University, discusses his research and findings so far regarding community culture and tourism development in Jamaica, including the use of Ethnographic research methods.
Checkout How IBM is thriving a sustainable culture of design at IBM.
You will know about the IBM Design Heritage and how a bootstrap team refactor IBM Design in 2013 with the mission to create a design culture.
You will know more about the Core77 Award Winner IBM Design Education + Activation program which is the core for scaling design through out a 430,000 employes company.
The growth leads to the depletion of natural resources of the planet. One of them is wood. We use unnecessary paper! Too much mess! Beware of CO2 imbalance... The immediate solution to stop destroying forests: dematerialization of exchanges with legal convincing value. Zero paper! The electronic originals are sealed and encrypted in a nominative and communicating electronic safe. The identification of counterparts is made via Magicaxess, a new high tech of identification WITHOUT having to download a digital certificate!
The last edition of our NEWSTouR September 2014 gathers all the projects, activities and events where NECSTouR has been involved and committed during the last year.
In addition, you will also find relevant information concerning upcoming events, European Commission publications and other research studies related with sustainable and competitive tourism.
The Global Change Research Network in European Mountains (MRI Europe)
In the Alpine Space project COMUNIS (co-financed by the ERDF), eleven partners from Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Slovenia aim at facilitating the strategic steering of commercial location development (CLD) on the inter-municipal level. To this end, the location profile, the degree of inter-municipal cooperation, and the framework conditions for commercial land use management were examined in eight pilot areas. On the basis of best practice examples and theoretical models, strategy options of inter-municipal CLD were
developed and examined for applicability with regard to the situation and development
objectives of the pilot areas.
CULTURAL ECONOMY AND TOURISM: APPLICABLE METHODS IN MUSEUMSAlicia Orea
Cultural economy provides useful analysis methods for conducting studies on cultural tourism where museums represent one of the biggest tourist attractions. For this reason, it is important to analyze its economic value and the sociocultural impacts perceived by tourists and the local community.
Museum management can use different methods to obtain results and improve decision-making. In order to obtain better results and improve the decision-making process, this research proposes a literature review of Cultural Economy and methodologies in this field of study to determine a model applicable to the study of museums. The Choice Experiments method and the subjective quality indicators can help museums to know precisely the impact of the initiatives and proposals that they develop at any given time and redirect actions considering those elements that are better perceived and / or valued by the customers.
After determining the methods, the case of study was selected: Thyssen-Bornemisza National Museum (Madrid). Related to develop the analysis of this cases of study, first of all, the opinion of customers presented in TripAdvisor was analyzed to assess the different attributes of museums. After, the opinion of experts was considered through as a round-table. After that, two questionnaires will be designed and applied: the first one focused on tourists, and the second one on the local community. Finally, the data obtained will be analyzed and it will be possible to obtain conclusions applicable to the management of these museums that will improve decision- making.
RELATED PAPER: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alicia-Orea-Giner/publication/
342590846_Cultural_Economy_And_Tourism_Applicable_Methods_In_Museums_A_Preliminary_Analysis_Of_Thyssen- Bornemisza_National_Museum_Spain/links/5efc5c1b45851550508109af/Cultural-Economy-And-Tourism-Applicable-Methods-In-Museums-A- Preliminary-Analysis-Of-Thyssen-Bornemisza-National-Museum-Spain.pdf
An Analysis of Tourism Competitiveness Index of Europe and Caucasus: A Study ...IJRTEMJOURNAL
This study aims to find the association-ship between the Regional Rank of the Travel and
Tourism Competitiveness Index and its Indicators in 37 European countries. The cross-sectional data of the 37
European countries are collected from the World Economic Forum report- 2015. The statistical software
package, SPSS v. 20.0 is used to analyze the data. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), Multi-co-linearity, Multiple
Regression, and Residual Analysis are the tools used to analyze to achieve out the objective of the study. RR:
Regional Rank of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index is used as the dependent variable and TI:
Tourism Services Infrastructure, GP: Ground & Port Infrastructure, BE: Business Environment, PT:
Prioritization of Travel and Tourism, and CR: Cultural resources & business travel are used as the independent
variables. It is found that there is an inverse relationship between the dependent variable and all the
independent variables along with the statistical significance. It is recommended that the governments of the
European countries and the respective agents of these countries should be made aware of learning the findings
of this study to promote their countries which can be victorious in lowering their Regional Rank of the Travel
and Tourism Competitiveness Index.
Engendering sustainable socio-spatial environment for tourism activities in t...ijceronline
The South Eastern part of Nigeria was a single state of the twelve states of Nigeria before 1976 – East Central State. Presently, the area is made up of five states. This Paper presents a study carried out to assess the possibility of knitting the once-one-state and presently five states, together to form a tourist destination worthy of international importance. Although the unprecedented dearth of infrastructural development in the zone continues to be a subject of discussion, little attention has
been given to investigate the place of synergized intervention. Descriptive analysis was employed, in which the tourism potentials in the zone that are of national recognition were itemized. Data were collected on available amenities, resident population and accessibility of such potentials. Existing literature on various Environmental Management Systems were explored to elicit a system that is
capable of affording a sustainable environment for tourism matters in the zone. The study revealed that the zone exhibits similar socio-economic and physical characteristics that are replete with potentials for improvement for optimum tourism utility in the entire zone. Several measures were advanced in the study to achieve this, chief of which is the adoption of the Environmental Planning and Management (EPM) process
A new World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) report aims to help manage growing urban tourism flows and their impact on cities and residents. ‘Overtourism’? Understanding and managing urban tourism growth beyond perceptions’, was launched today during the 7th UNWTO Global Summit on Urban Tourism, in Seoul, Republic of Korea (16-19 September 2018).
The report examines how to manage tourism in urban destinations to the benefit of visitors and residents alike. It proposes eleven strategies and 68 measures to help understand and manage visitor growth. The report is the result of collaboration between UNWTO, the Centre of Expertise Leisure, Tourism & Hospitality (CELTH), Breda University of Applied Sciencesm and the European Tourism Futures Institute (ETFI) of NHL Stenden University of Applied sciences.
ICT for Sustainable Tourism in World Heritage Sites. An Overview and Some Caseslorenzo cantoni
Istanbul (Turkey), 7 November 2014: conference Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality. A Heritage of Hospitality and Hospitality for Heritage.
Keynote by prof. Lorenzo Cantoni, PhD, from Università della Svizzera italiana (USI Lugano, Switzerland).
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Body fluids_tonicity_dehydration_hypovolemia_hypervolemia.pptx
Culture, Nature and Sustainable Tourism Development: a space-time analysis on European regions
1. Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐(me
analysis
on
European
regions
João
Romão
University
of
Algarve
Towards
opera9onalising
UNESCO
Recommenda9ons
on
Historic
Urban
Landscape
Naples,
March
2–3,
2015
2. New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
Despite
the
close
rela9on
between
tourism
and
the
territory,
the
applica9on
of
spa9al
analysis
methods
in
tourism
is
not
abundant
in
the
literature.
The
recent
developments
in
the
analysis
of
space-‐?me
models,
the
existence
of
geo-‐referenced
informa9on
and
the
availability
of
suitable
soQware
tools
create
new
opportuni9es
for
studying
the
role
of
space
in
tourism
ac9vi9es.
An
exploratory
spa9al
data
analysis
is
developed
and
a
space-‐9me
panel
model
is
computed
in
this
work
in
order
to
analyse
the
rela9ons
between
tourism
demand
and
the
existence
of
infrastructures,
cultural
assets
and
natural
resources
in
European
regions,
Spa?al
effects
have
been
clearly
iden?fied.
Abstract
3. Tourism
is
a
place
oriented
ac?vity,
where
territories
interact
with
each
others.
Natural
resources
and
cultural
heritage
are
essen9al
for
the
sustainable
development
of
tourism.
The
crea9on
of
a
differen?ated
experience
in
each
tourism
des9na9on
depends
on
the
ability
to
integrate
these
local
and
specific
assets
into
the
tourism
supply:
unique
experiences
can
only
be
created
if
they
are
based
on
the
local
characteris9cs
of
the
territory,
once
they
are
not
possible
to
imitate
in
other
places.
This
exploita9on
of
local
resources
raises
the
ques9on
of
the
poten9al
nega9ve
impacts
on
the
territories
and
establishes
a
link
between
the
concepts
of
compe??veness
-‐
the
ability
to
compete
in
global
markets
for
the
aUrac9on
of
tourists
-‐
and
sustainability
-‐
the
ability
to
preserve
local
resources
in
the
long
run.
“Environmental
paradox”:
the
produc9on
of
tourism
experiences
depends
on
the
exploita9on
of
local
natural
resources
and,
in
the
long
run,
it
also
depends
on
its
preserva9on.
The
same
can
be
applied
to
cultural
heritage.
In
the
last
years,
most
of
the
interna9onal
tourism
related
organiza9ons
(including
UNESCO)
have
proposed
orienta9ons
for
a
sustainable
process
tourism
development.
1.
Introduc?on
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
4. Analysis
of
the
importance
of
cultural
and
natural
resources
for
regional
tourism
demand.
Test
and
evalua9on
of
spa?al
effects
among
the
regions.
Presenta9on
of
overall
data
(252
NUTS
2
European
regions;
2003-‐2012).
Exploratory
spa?al
data
analysis
(237
NUTS2
European
regions).
Space-‐?me
panel
model.
All
the
NUTS
2
regions
from
Austria,
Belgium,
Bulgaria,
Cyprus,
Czech
Republic,
Denmark,
Estonia,
Finland,
France,
Germany,
Greece,
Hungary,
Italy,
Latvia,
Lithuania,
Luxemburg,
Malta,
Netherlands,
Poland,
Portugal,
Romania,
Slovakia,
Slovenia,
Spain
and
United
Kingdom.
Introduc?on
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
5. Tourism
demand
-‐
Nights
spent
at
tourist
accommoda9on
establishments
in
2012
(millions)
Tourism
demand,
culture
and
nature:
data
and
variables
Importance
of
South
European
regions
(West
Mediterranean)
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
6. Tourism
demand
-‐
Nights
spent
at
tourist
accommoda9on
establishments
(growth
between
2003
and
2012)
Tourism
demand,
culture
and
nature:
data
and
variables
Importance
of
Eastern
European
regions
(West
Mediterranean)
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
7. Tourism
demand
-‐
Nights
spent
at
tourist
accommoda9on
establishments
(growth
between
2003
and
2012)
Tourism
demand,
culture
and
nature:
data
and
variables
Importance
of
urban
areas
(Paris,
Barcelona,
London,
Berlin)
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
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and
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Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
8. Regional
cultural
assets
-‐
number
of
sites
classified
as
World
Heritage
by
UNESCO
Tourism
demand,
culture
and
nature:
data
and
variables
Importance
of
South
European
regions
(West
Mediterranean)
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
9. Regional
natural
resources
-‐
percentage
of
the
territory
in
Natura
2000
Tourism
demand,
culture
and
nature:
data
and
variables
Importance
of
South
European
regions
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
10. Regional
natural
resources
and
cultural
assets
Tourism
demand,
culture
and
nature:
data
and
variables
Importance
of
South
European
areas
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
11. logNIT
it
=
ß0
+
ß1
logBEDS
it
+
ß2
HERIT
it
+
ß3
NAT
it
+
uit
Parameters Estimate Std. Error t-value Pr(>|t|) Significance
Intercept 10.1960 0.2089 48.8098 < 2.2e-16
0.001
LogBeds 0.4553 0.0190 24.0049 < 2.2e-16
0.001
NAT 0.0034 0.0010 3.4350 0.0006 0.001
HERIT 0.1063 0.0108 9.8615 < 2.2e-16
0.001
!
Despite
de
very
high
significance
of
all
the
parameters
es9mated,
the
rela9vely
low
score
obtained
for
the
R-‐Squared
(0.26)
suggests
that
the
es9ma9ons
can
be
improved
introducing
spa?al
effects.
Posi?ve
rela?on
between
tourism
demand
and
all
the
independent
variables.
Panel
regression
without
spa?al
effects
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
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Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
12. Moran
I
tests
for
spa?al
autocorrela?on
1st
and
last
years
of
observa9ons
for
each
variable
The
results
obtained
reveal
the
existence
of
spa?al
correla?on
in
all
the
variables
(z-‐scores
above
the
threshold
of
1.96,
for
5%
significance
level.
Territory:
Exploratory
Spa?al
Data
Analysis
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
13. Local
Indicators
of
Spa?al
Autocorrela?on
cluster
distribu9on
based
on
the
local
G
sta9s9cs
Territory:
Exploratory
Spa?al
Data
Analysis
Cluster
of
high
values
(red)
in
Southwest
European
regions
Cluster
of
low
values
(blue)
in
Eastern
European
regions
Tourism
demand
(nights
spent
in
accommoda9on
establishments
in
2012)
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
14. Local
Indicators
of
Spa?al
Autocorrela?on
cluster
distribu9on
based
on
the
local
G
sta9s9cs
Territory:
Exploratory
Spa?al
Data
Analysis
Cluster
of
high
values
(red)
in
Southwest
European
regions
Clusters
of
low
values
(blue)
in
Central
/
Northern
European
regions
Cultural
resources
(cultural
sites
classified
by
UNESCO
in
2012)
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
15. Local
Indicators
of
Spa?al
Autocorrela?on
cluster
distribu9on
based
on
the
local
G
sta9s9cs
Territory:
Exploratory
Spa?al
Data
Analysis
Cluster
of
high
values
(red)
in
Southern
European
regions
Clusters
of
low
values
(blue)
in
Northern
European
regions
Natural
resources
(percentage
of
the
territory
in
Natura
2000
in
2011)
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
16. Local
Indicators
of
Spa?al
Autocorrela?on
Bivariate
analysis
rela9ng
tourism
demand
with
each
of
the
independent
variables
Territory:
Exploratory
Spa?al
Data
Analysis
Clusters
of
high
values
for
cultural
assets
and
low
tourism
demand
(pink)
in
Eastern
European
regions
Clusters
of
high
values
for
both
(red)
in
South
Western
European
regions
Tourism
demand
and
cultural
heritage
“Irregular”
spa?al
paUerns.
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
17. Local
Indicators
of
Spa?al
Autocorrela?on
Bivariate
analysis
rela9ng
tourism
demand
with
each
of
the
independent
variables
Territory:
Exploratory
Spa?al
Data
Analysis
Clusters
of
high
values
for
natural
assets
and
low
tourism
demand
(pink)
in
Eastern
European
regions
Clusters
of
high
values
for
both
(red)
in
South
Western
European
regions
Tourism
demand
and
natural
resources
High
number
of
“spa?al
outliers”
(high
value
for
one
variable
and
low
for
the
other)
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
18. logNIT
it
=
ρWYit
+
ß0
+
ß1
logBEDS
it
+
ß2
HERIT
it
+
ß3
NAT
it
+
uit
uit
=
λWuit
+
εit
W
is
a
weights-‐matrix,
defining
the
impacts
of
each
region
on
its
neighbors;
(neighborhood
defined
by
con9guity,
level
2);
ρ
is
the
spa9al
autoregressive
coefficient
(spa9al
effects
on
the
dependent
variable)
λ
is
the
spa9al
autocorrela9on
coefficient
(spa9al
effects
on
the
error
term)
AVer
specifying
the
necessary
tests,
a
model
with
both
types
of
spa?al
effects
has
been
computed.
Panel
regression
with
spa?al
effects
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
19. Posi9ve
overall
spa?al
effects
(error
variance
+
spa9al
auto-‐regressive
coefficient)
Posi?ve
rela?on
between
tourism
demand
and
all
the
independent
variables,
but
not
significant
for
natural
resources.
Panel
regression
without
spa?al
effects
Parameters Estimate Std. Error t-value Pr(>|t|) Significance
Intercept 14.7480 0.2738 53.8551 < 2.2e-16
0.001
LogBeds 0.3996 0.0229 17.4585 < 2.2e-16
0.001
NAT 0.0002 0.0012 0.1783 0.86
HERIT 0.0781 0.0110 7.0969 1.3e-12
0.001
Spatial auto-regressive coefficient -0.2478 0.0260 -3.2941 0.0009 0.001
Error variance (spatial) 0.6535 0.0386 16.947 < 2.2e-16
0.001
Error variance (non spatial) 16.4451 1.9384 8.484 < 2.2e-16
0.001
!
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
20. Confirma?on
of
the
poten?al
of
spa?al
analysis
for
tourism
studies.
Although
this
kind
of
methodology
has
few
applica9ons
in
the
field
of
tourism,
the
results
show
the
existence
of
spa9al
paUerns
in
tourism
demand
and
its
determinants.
The
overall
data
presented
in
the
beginning
of
this
work
revealed
that
tourism
in
South
European
regions
–
where
natural
resources
play
a
decisive
role
–
is
s?ll
very
important
in
the
European
context.
Nevertheless,
this
informa9on
also
showed
that
urban
tourism
(at
least
in
some
major
ci9es)
and
the
Eastern
side
of
Europe
have
registered
higher
growth
rates
along
the
last
decade,
sugges9ng
a
shiV
in
travel
mo?va?ons
and
spa?al
paUerns.
Discussion
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
21. The
exploratory
spa?al
analysis
clearly
revealed
the
existence
of
spa?al
effects
for
regional
tourism
aUrac?veness
and
also
for
the
determinants
of
tourism
demand.
The
iden9fied
spa9al
effects
are,
in
general,
more
clear
in
the
South
European
regions.
Regional
aUrac?veness
is
related,
not
only
to
their
natural
and
cultural
resources,
but
also
to
the
resources
available
in
the
neighbour
regions
This
has
clear
implica9ons
in
terms
of
tourism
promo9on
and
infrastructure
planning
(transports,
accommoda9on,
etc).
The
spa9al
effects
iden9fied
in
the
space-‐?me
model
reveal
the
existence
of:
-‐
a
compe??ve
process
expressed
in
the
nega9ve
value
of
the
spa9al
autoregressive
coefficient,
showing
that
tourism
demand
in
one
region
can
have
nega9ve
consequences
in
the
con9guous
regions;
-‐
posi?ve
impacts
of
unmodelled
effects
expressed
in
the
spa9al
error
variance
parameter
(almost
three
9mes
higher);
-‐
overall
posi?ve
spa?al
effects.
Discussion
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
22. Local
resource
management,
promo?onal
strategies,
transport
systems
and
accommoda?on
provision
can
be
more
efficiently
planned
if
there
is
some
collabora?on
among
clusters
of
regions
with
similar
characteris?cs,
even
if
they
do
not
belong
to
the
same
country.
The
analyses
provides
sa9sfactory
results
for
the
South
European
regions.
For
the
North
European
regions,
other
kind
of
informa9on
related
to
natural
and
cultural
assets
can
provide
more
accurate
results
in
terms
of
spa9al
impacts,
although
there
is
not
enough
comparable
informa9on
at
interna9onal
level,
at
this
moment.
Discussion
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
23. Thank you for your attention!
João
Romão
Culture,
Nature
and
Sustainable
Tourism
Development:
a
space-‐9me
analysis
on
European
regions
New
Tools
for
Planning
Sustainable,
Safe,
Resilient
and
Sustainable
Ci9es
Naples
March
2015