UCLA researchers have discovered that diamonds on a much, much smaller scale than those used in jewelry could be used to promote bone growth and the durability of dental implants.

1. NANODIMONDS –
A DRUG DELIVERY VECHICLE
PRESENTER-
J.RAHUL RAGHAVENDER
CRI
PRIYADARSHINI DENTAL
COLLEGE & HOSPITAL

2. WHAT ARE NANODIAMONDS?
Nanodiamonds are created as byproducts
of conventional mining and refining
operations , which are approximately four
to five nanometers in diameters shaped like
tiny soccer balls..

3. This is a detonation
tank to create
nanodiamonds ,
not a nuclear device.

4. NANODIAMONDS AS A THERAPEUTIC
VEHICLE
The study led by Dr. Dean Ho, professor
of oral biology and medicine has found out
that nanodiamonds are used deliver bone
morphogenetic proteins(BMP) and fibroblast
growth factors.
Thus these nanodiamonds can be used as a
delivery vehicle of such proteins in bone
repair operations such as oral ,
maxillofacial and orthopedic surgery.

6. CONVENTIONAL PROCEDURE
During bone repair operations, a typically
costly and a time-consuming procedure called
Collagen-sponge technique is done , where
doctors insert a bulky collagen sponge through
invasive surgery to locally administer proteins
that promote bone growth such as BMPs .
This is an extremely painful procedure.

7. COLLAGEN SPONGE TECHNIQUE

8. ALTERNATIVE APPROACH
An alternative approach to this conventional
procedure, is the delivery of recombinant
BMPs which has to have a drug delivery
vehicle otherwise it simply diffuses away.
Studies demonstrate the ability of
nanodiamonds to effectively deliver BMPs

9. These nanodiamonds can be administered
non-invasively , such as by an injection or an
oral rinse.
The researchers discovered that delivering
these proteins with the help of nanodiamonds
could be much more effective than the
traditional method.

10. MECHANISM OF ACTION
Nanodiamonds provide a rich chemistry
with COOH groups on the surface,
allowing many types of biomolecules to be
attached.
This unique surface chemistry allows the
proteins (BMPs) to bind rapidly and
deliver slowly ,which may allow the
affected area to be treated for a longer
period of time.

12. BIOCOMPATIBILITY
ELIMINATES BURST RELEASE
TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY
CHEMICAL STABILITY
FLUORESECENT PROPERTIES
MULTI - DRUG CARRIER
ADAVANTAGES OF NANODIAMONDS

13. (1) BIOCOMPATIBILITY:
Nanodiamonds are glassy carbon particles
which are known to be non-toxic.
The use of nanodiamonds offers a promising
combination of biocompatibility and the
capability to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
 Furthermore, initial safety tests both in vitro
and in vivo indicate that they are well tolerated
which is a promising step towards continued
translational development.

14. Nanodiamonds instilled within trachea were
reported of low pulmonary toxicity….

15. (2) ELIMINATES BURST RELEASE:
 Burst release of drugs is too much of drugs
being released too quickly which can
actually hurt the patients more.
 The unique surface modification of the
nanodiamonds holds the drugs firmly and
eliminates burst release.

16. Nanodiamonds , allowing a slower
and more sustained release of
treatment solution.

17. (3) TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM :
Ability to deliver the drugs to the desired sites.
(4) CHEMICAL STABILITY:
Not degraded by gastric acids or other secretions.
Ability to withstand harsh environments.

18. (5) FLOURESCENT PROPERTIES:
Fluorescence properties specifically designed
for bioimaging .
(6) NON EXPENSIVE:
 Current strategies are being developed to
markedly reduce their cost production ,
which are not as expensive as the name
suggests.
 This has been the foundation for a rapid
increase in nanodiamond suppliers from all
over the world.

19. (7) MULTI-DRUG CARRIER :
Nanodiamonds have the ability to
simultaneously deliver varying doses of two
growth factors :
Bone morphogenetic protein(BMP-2)
Fibroblast growth factor.
BMP-2 improves the bone production while
the other augments the process.

20. APPLICATIONS IN DENTISTRY
(a) In treatment of osteonecrosis of jaw ,a
potentially debilitating disease in which the
bones break down due to reduced blood
flow.
(b) As an additional procedure for placing
dental implants.
(c) Osteoporosis
(d) Oral and maxillofacial treatment or
surgeries.
(e) Regenerative medicine

21. CANCER TREATMENT
Nanodiamond-doxorubicin complex(ND-Dox)
were used to treat drug resistant breast and liver
cancer.
Nanodiamonds could carry the drug to the
cancer cells without being pumped out.
Due to their non-invasive sizes and unique
surface features, nanodiamonds can be easily
released without blocking up blood vessels.

22. ND-Dox complexes include the absence of
myelosuppression , osteonecrosis and also
significant reductions in the sizes of the
tumor.

23. REFERENCES
Dr.Dean Ho, preparation of fluorescent
magnetic nanodiamonds and cellular imaging.
Soc. 2008;130:15476-15481 [pub med]
Laura Moore, Nanotechnology.
Soc.2008; 125 :455-457 [pub med]

24. ONGOING RESEARCH WORKS..
Nanodiamonds boost the treatment of
chemoresistant leukemia. Dr Chow has studied
the biological basis of how nanodiamonds can
potentially overcome chemoresistance.
A large variety of applications for
nanodiamonds have been proposed including
electrochemical coating , polishing , lubricants ,
biosensors.

25. THANK YOU
Thanks to this study ,
Nanodiamond treatments will help you achieve the
oral health care that you deserve.