Name Class Date Professor Investigating Crime Against Children Investigating Crimes Against Children Children Most Vulnerable Population Child abuse and neglect impact over 3 million children every year (Goldman & Salus, 2003). In 2012 78.3 percent of children suffered neglect. In 2012 18.3 percent suffered physical abuse. In 2012 9.3 percent suffered sexual abuse. Four Types of Maltreatment Physical Abuse: involves an adult inflicting physical in jury to a child. Physical abuse includes punching, beating, burning, or any other harm. Sexual abuse: involves an adult committing sexual acts on a child. 3 Four Types of Maltreatment Cont… Neglect: involves the failure of a parent or guardian to care for the needs of a child or to protect them from unnecessary harm. Psychological abuse: is abuse that damages the emotional well being of the child. This type of abuse damages the self esteem of the child. How Abuse and Neglect Differ Abuse results in pain whether physical pain or mental anguish. Neglect is a failure to meet the basic needs of the child including love, food, and shelter. Abuse is the maltreatment of a person, both physically as well as psychologically (). Neglect is a failure to protect a child from coming to harm. Main Indicators for Neglect and Abuse Physical indicators include injuries to a child. These injuries range from bruises to broken bones to burns or unusual lacerations (MCDH, 2003). Behavioral indicators include actions, attitudes, and displays of emotion. Indicators for Child Neglect Lack of Clean Clothes and Food as well as unclean appearance. No supervision by adults, always alone. The child’s emotional needs are neglected by parent or guardian. Child is always hungry or seeking affection from adults. Childs healthcare needs are not fulfilled. Indicators for Emotional Abuse Child is not given any affection or love. The child is called names or made to feel inferior by parent or guardian. Severe developmental delays left untreated. Spurning a child or the exploitation a child is an indicator of neglect. Indicators for Physical Abuse Bruises and Broken Bones Scars, Bites, and Welt Marks Lacerations and Abrasions Fractured or Broken Bones Indicators for Sexual Abuse Physical indicators: Vaginal or Rectal bleeding, itching, swelling or pain in the genitals, transmitted diseases, and difficulty walking or sitting. Behavioral indicators: withdrawn, extreme changes in behavior, promiscuity, and aggressive or disruptive behavior. Emotional indicators: withdrawn, depressed, fear of people and places, suicidal thoughts, and fear of being left alone. Conclusion Neglect is a prevalent problem in America. Understanding the facts about child abuse and making the public aware of the problem reduces this prevalent problem. Child Abuse can be physical, mental, or sexual.

1. Name
Class
Date
Professor
Investigating Crime Against Children
Investigating Crimes Against Children
Children Most Vulnerable Population
Child abuse and neglect impact over 3 million children every
year (Goldman & Salus, 2003).
In 2012 78.3 percent of children suffered neglect.
In 2012 18.3 percent suffered physical abuse.
In 2012 9.3 percent suffered sexual abuse.

2. Four Types of Maltreatment
Physical Abuse: involves an adult inflicting physical in jury to a
child. Physical abuse includes punching, beating, burning, or
any other harm.
Sexual abuse: involves an adult committing sexual acts on a
child.

3. 3
Four Types of Maltreatment Cont…
Neglect: involves the failure of a parent or guardian to care for
the needs of a child or to protect them from unnecessary harm.
Psychological abuse: is abuse that damages the emotional well
being of the child. This type of abuse damages the self esteem
of the child.
How Abuse and Neglect Differ
Abuse results in pain whether physical pain or mental anguish.
Neglect is a failure to meet the basic needs of the child
including love, food, and shelter.
Abuse is the maltreatment of a person, both physically as well
as psychologically ().
Neglect is a failure to protect a child from coming to harm.

4. Main Indicators for Neglect and Abuse
Physical indicators include injuries to a child. These injuries
range from bruises to broken bones to burns or unusual
lacerations (MCDH, 2003).
Behavioral indicators include actions, attitudes, and displays of
emotion.
Indicators for Child Neglect
Lack of Clean Clothes and Food as well as unclean appearance.
No supervision by adults, always alone.
The child’s emotional needs are neglected by parent or
guardian.
Child is always hungry or seeking affection from adults.
Childs healthcare needs are not fulfilled.

5. Indicators for Emotional Abuse
Child is not given any affection or love.
The child is called names or made to feel inferior by parent or
guardian.
Severe developmental delays left untreated.
Spurning a child or the exploitation a child is an indicator of
neglect.
Indicators for Physical Abuse
Bruises and Broken Bones
Scars, Bites, and Welt Marks
Lacerations and Abrasions

6. Fractured or Broken Bones
Indicators for Sexual Abuse
Physical indicators: Vaginal or Rectal bleeding, itching,
swelling or pain in the genitals, transmitted diseases, and
difficulty walking or sitting.
Behavioral indicators: withdrawn, extreme changes in behavior,
promiscuity, and aggressive or disruptive behavior.
Emotional indicators: withdrawn, depressed, fear of people and
places, suicidal thoughts, and fear of being left alone.

7. Conclusion
Neglect is a prevalent problem in America.
Understanding the facts about child abuse and making the
public aware of the problem reduces this prevalent problem.
Child Abuse can be physical, mental, or sexual.
References
Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2013). What is child
abuse and neglect? Recognizing the signs and symptoms.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Children's Bureau
Monroe County Department of Human. (2003). What Are the
Indicators of Possible Child Abuse and Neglect? Retrieved June
2, 2014 from http://www.dorightbykids.org/how-do-i-recognize-
child-abuse-and-neglect/what-are-the-indicators-of-possible-
child-abuse-and-neglect
Goldman, J. & Salus, M. (2003). A Coordinated Response to
Child Abuse and Neglect: The Foundation for Practice.
Retrieved June 2, 2014
https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/usermanuals/foundation/fou
ndationc.cfm

8. Opportunity Perspective
Opportunity Perspective for Fraud
Name
Class
Date
Professor

9. Opportunity Perspective for Fraud
Fraud is deceptive behavior that results in illegal financial
gain for the criminal. In banking fraud the criminal deliberately
manipulates banking records in order to obtain illegal financial
gain. Fraud is a white collar crime which means it is usually
committed by someone acting in the role of a professional, such
as a banker. In the banking industry there are many
opportunities to commit fraud. Bank fraud can be committed by
someone in the bank or someone outside of the bank who
manipulate the records of the bank customer (Life Lock, 2013).
Similar to any other white collar crime, frauds in the banking
industry are opportunities of crime.
The opportunity perspective assumes that particular crimes
have particular opportunity structures or conditions that make a
white collar crime possible or attractive to a potential offender
(Benson & Simpson, 2009). For the bank employee when the
proper controls are not in place the opportunity to commit the
crime will be attractive to some people. The opportunity
structure or conditions that come pair with the banking industry
is first a lack of proper security designed to deter both the
internal and external threats of the bank. The internal threats
are employees willing to steal bank customer’s money while the
external threats are security threats that use technological
advances to commit frauds against the financial institution.
Bank fraud begins with the motivated offender who is
looking to be benefited financially. In this case the fraud will
involve the bank owner who takes advantages of loopholes in
the law or gaps in regulations in order to commit frauds against
consumers. Bank owners will engage in self borrowing, which is
prohibited, or develop reciprocal loan arrangements in order to
commit frauds against the consumer. Bank owners will also
engage in risky loan behavior that could potentially result in
harm to the bank customer.

10. The opportunity structure of the bank fraud involves the
owner’s ability to disguise risky loans from bank regulators and
examiners (Benson & Simpson, 2009). Since outside audits are
rare in the banking business owners are able to get away with
frauds against their customers without detection. When the
opportunity is readily available and the risk to being caught is
limited, a motivated offender will take advantage of this
opportunity. In the banking industry this includes the owner, the
outside threat, and the employee.
The banking industry deals with large quantities of money that
when not properly guarded face all types of threats. Threats
come from bank robbers willing to rob the bank by force or the
bank employee that changes the deposits of the bank customer
in order to embezzle money but only when the opportunity
present itself. In order for the money of bank customers to be
protected any opportunities must be block in order to stop the
motivated offender from accessing the banks money.
References
Benson, M. & Simpson, S. (2009).White Collar Crime: An
Opportunity Perspective: Chapter 5,
pg. 91. Routledge, ed.
Life Lock. (2013). What is Bank Fraud? Retrieved August 2,
2014 from
http://www.lifelock.com/education/identity-theft-
recovery/bank-fraud/