Mysql nowwhat

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MySQL: What do I have or do now?
Keith Larson
keith.larson@oracle.com
MySQL Community Manager
www.sqlhjalp.com/pdf/mysql_nowwhat.pdf

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direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and
may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or
functionality, and should not be relied upon in making
purchasing decisions.
The development, release, and timing of any features or
functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at
the sole discretion of Oracle.
Safe Harbor Statement

Show you code and options so you understand:
– Access
– Databases
– Tablespace
– Datatypes
– Selects
– Indexes
– Stored Routines
– Triggers
– Views
– Transactions
– Backups
– Replicated
MySQL: Agenda
Copyright Oracle Corporation 2011 3

Oracle MySQL
Database (files) == Database Server Instance
Database Instance (memory) == Database Server Instance
Schema User == Database
User == User
Table Space == Table Space
Storage Engine
MySQL Terminology

$ mysql -u root
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'
(using password: NO)
$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
$ mysqladmin -u root -p password <passwordhere>
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user
SET Password=PASSWORD('<passwordhere>')
WHERE User='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MySQL: Account Access

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/resetting-permissions.html
Do not know the root password?
Stop the service: # /etc/init.d/mysql stop
Restart with skip grand: # mysqld_safe … --skip-grant-tables &
/usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --
user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/kdlarson-pc.pid
Connect as root: # mysql -u root
Set new password :
use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("NEW-ROOT-
PASSWORD") where User='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit
Stop and Start then log in as root with password.
MySQL: Account Access

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/grant.html
mysql> CREATE USER 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin_pass';
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost';
mysql> flush privileges ;
MySQL: Super User Accounts

mysql> CREATE USER ’clark'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY
'some_pass';
mysql> GRANT ALTER, CREATE VIEW, CREATE, DELETE,
DROP, GRANT OPTION, INDEX, INSERT, SELECT,
SHOW VIEW, TRIGGER, UPDATE ON *.* TO
’clark'@'localhost' ;
mysql> CREATE USER ’clark'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY
'some_pass';
mysql> GRANT ALTER, CREATE VIEW, CREATE, DELETE,
DROP, GRANT OPTION, INDEX, INSERT, SELECT,
SHOW VIEW, TRIGGER, UPDATE ON *.* TO ’clark'@'%';
mysql> flush privileges ;
MySQL: Account Access-- Users

CREATE USER 'adminhelp'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'some_pass';
GRANT ALTER, CREATE VIEW, CREATE, DELETE, DROP, GRANT OPTION,
INDEX, INSERT, SELECT, SHOW VIEW, TRIGGER, UPDATE , RELOAD ON
*.* TO 'adminhelp'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
flush privileges ;
CREATE USER 'adminuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'some_pass';
GRANT ALTER, CREATE VIEW, CREATE, DELETE, DROP, GRANT OPTION,
INDEX, INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE ON *.* TO 'adminuser'@'%' ;
flush privileges ;
MySQL: Account Access-- Users

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/show-grants.html
mysql [localhost] {root} (mysql) > select Host , User FROM mysql.user;
+-----------+----------+
| Host | User |
+-----------+----------+
| % | kdladmin |
| localhost | root |
| localhost | kdladmin |
+-----------+----------+
mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR CURRENT_USER();
mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'root'@'localhost';
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*8CD56861FDADF7A264741F27D502D1A8DAE0A8F7'
WITH GRANT OPTION |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
MySQL: What User Accounts

http://www.mysql.com/products/workbench/
MySQL: WB User Accounts

MySQL Logs for the DBAs
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/server-logs.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/slave-logs.html
Error Log
– log-error
Binary Log
– Log-bin custom set via my.cnf
Relay Log
– Log-bin custom set via my.cnf
Slow Query Log
– Log-slow-queries
– Slow-query-time
– log-queries-not-using-indexes
General Log
– Log

… |
| max_binlog_cache_size | 18446744073709547520 |
| max_binlog_size | 1073741824 |
| max_binlog_stmt_cache_size | 18446744073709547520 |
| max_relay_log_size | 0 |
| relay_log | |
| relay_log_basename | |
| relay_log_index | |
| relay_log_info_file | relay-log.info |
| relay_log_info_repository | FILE |
| relay_log_purge | ON |
| relay_log_recovery | OFF |
| relay_log_space_limit | 0 |
| slow_query_log | OFF |
| slow_query_log_file | /var/lib/mysql/kdlarson-pc-slow.log |
| sql_log_bin | ON |
| sql_log_off | OFF |
| sync_binlog | 0 |
| sync_relay_log | 0 |
| sync_relay_log_info | 0 |
+-----------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/show.html
SHOW CREATE TABLE tbl_name
SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE proc_name
SHOW CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
SHOW CREATE VIEW view_name
SHOW PROCEDURE CODE proc_name
SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS [like_or_where]
SHOW [FULL] PROCESSLIST
SHOW GRANTS [FOR user]
SHOW WARNINGS [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]
SHOW {DATABASES | SCHEMAS} [LIKE 'pattern' | WHERE expr]
SHOW OPEN TABLES [{FROM | IN} db_name] [LIKE 'pattern' | WHERE expr]
SHOW BINARY LOGS
SHOW MASTER LOGS
MySQL: Show Commands

Use SHOW processlist to find out what is going on:
+----+-------+-----------+----+---------+------+--------------+-------------------------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+-------+-----------+----+---------+------+--------------+-------------------------------------+
| 6 | monty | localhost | bp | Query | 15 | Sending data | select * from station,station as s1 |
| 8 | monty | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist |
+----+-------+-----------+----+---------+------+--------------+-------------------------------------+
Use KILL in mysql or mysqladmin to kill off runaway threads.
How to find out how MySQL solves a query
Run the following commands and try to understand the output:
* SHOW VARIABLES;
* SHOW COLUMNS FROM City; (same as Describe City; || Desc City;)
* EXPLAIN SELECT ...G
* FLUSH STATUS;
* SELECT ...;
* SHOW STATUS;
MySQL: Show Processlist

A few ways to see what databases you have on your system:
– Review the directories
– Log in to MySQL server
– mysql> create database World;
– mysql> drop database World;
– Show databases
mysql> show databases;
– +--------------------+
– | Database |
– +--------------------+
– | information_schema |
– | db_example |
– | employees |
– | exampledb |
– | mysql |
– | orig |
– | performance_schema |
– +--------------------+
MySQL: Databases/Schema

MySQL: WB Databases

mysql> SHOW ENGINES;
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| InnoDB | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |
| CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO |
| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |
| ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO |
| FEDERATED | NO | Federated MySQL storage engine | NULL | NULL | NULL |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
MySQL: Engines

mysql> show create table City;
CREATE TABLE `City` (
`ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`Name` char(35) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`CountryCode` char(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`District` char(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Population` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`ID`),
KEY `CountryCode` (`CountryCode`),
CONSTRAINT `city_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`CountryCode`) REFERENCES
`Country` (`Code`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
MySQL: Table Space

mysql > desc City;
+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| Name | char(35) | NO | | | |
| CountryCode | char(3) | NO | MUL | | |
| District | char(20) | NO | | | |
| Population | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
MySQL: Table Space

MySQL: WB Table Space

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/data-types.html
TEXT TYPES
CHAR( ) A fixed section from 0 to 255 characters long. 4 bytes
VARCHAR( ) A variable section from 0 to 255 characters long.
TINYTEXT A string with a maximum length of 255 characters.
TEXT A string with a maximum length of 65535 characters.
BLOB A string with a maximum length of 65535 characters.
MEDIUMTEXT A string with a maximum length of 16777215 characters.
MEDIUMBLOB A string with a maximum length of 16777215 characters.
LONGTEXT A string with a maximum length of 4294967295 characters.
LONGBLOB A string with a maximum length of 4294967295 characters.
CREATE TABLE `example_table` (
...
`value` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
...
MySQL: Datatypes

NUMBER TYPES
TINYINT( ) -128 to 127 normal 0 to 255 UNSIGNED. 1 byte storage
SMALLINT( ) -32768 to 32767 normal 0 to 65535 UNSIGNED. 2 byte storage
MEDIUMINT( ) -8388608 to 8388607 normal 0 to 16777215 UNSIGNED. 3 byte storage
INT( ) -2147483648 to 2147483647 normal 0 to 4294967295 UNSIGNED. 4 byte storage
BIGINT( ) -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807 normal
0 to 18446744073709551615 UNSIGNED. 8 byte storage
FLOAT A small number with a floating decimal point.
DOUBLE( , ) A large number with a floating decimal point.
DECIMAL( , ) A DOUBLE stored as a string , allowing for a fixed decimal point.
MySQL uses 4 bytes for single-precision values and 8 bytes for double-precision values
Create Table: CREATE TABLE èxample_table` (
èxample_table_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
.....or
èxample_table_id` bigint(12) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment
MySQL: Datatypes

DATE TYPES
DATE YYYY-MM-DD.
DATETIME YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.
TIMESTAMP YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
TIME HH:MM:SS.
Create Table: CREATE TABLE èxample_table` (
èxample_table_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
ùser_id` int(9) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
`date_recorded` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (èxample_table_id`),
UNIQUE KEY ùser_id` (ùser_id`),
KEY `date_recorded` (`date_recorded`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB
MySQL: Datatypes

MISC TYPES
ENUM ( ) Short for ENUMERATION which
means that each column may have one of a
specified possible values.
SET Similar to ENUM except each column
may have more than one of the specified
possible values.
…..
`transfer_method` enum('OFF','EMAIL','FTP','BATCH POST','FTP-SSL','REAL TIME
POST','CUSTOM') default NULL,
`transfer_method` SET('OFF','EMAIL','FTP','BATCH POST','FTP-SSL’) default NULL,
….
MySQL: Datatypes

extract basic database information using the SELECT command
What is wrong?
mysql> SELECT
-> C.Name , C.Population , CY.LifeExpectancy
-> FROM City C
-> INNER JOIN Country CY ON C.CountryCode = CY.Code
-> WHERE CY.CountryCode = 'USA' limit 5;
MySQL: Selects

extract basic database information using the SELECT command
mysql> SELECT
-> C.Name , C.Population , CY.LifeExpectancy
-> FROM City C
-> INNER JOIN Country CY ON C.CountryCode = CY.Code
-> WHERE CY.CountryCode = 'USA' limit 5;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'CY.CountryCode' in 'where clause'
MySQL: Selects

Use IN not ranges!
Joins and IN are better than sub-queries!
SELECT C.Name , C.Population , CY.LifeExpectancy
FROM City C
INNER JOIN Country CY ON C.CountryCode = CY.Code
WHERE C.CountryCode = 'USA' limit 5;
+--------------+------------+----------------+
| Name | Population | LifeExpectancy |
+--------------+------------+----------------+
| New York | 8008278 | 77.1 |
| Los Angeles | 3694820 | 77.1 |
| Chicago | 2896016 | 77.1 |
| Houston | 1953631 | 77.1 |
| Philadelphia | 1517550 | 77.1 |
+--------------+------------+----------------+
MySQL: Selects

SELECT Continent , AVG(LifeExpectancy) as LifeExpectancy , AVG(Population) as
Population
FROM Country
GROUP BY Continent
ORDER BY Continent DESC;
+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Continent | LifeExpectancy | Population |
+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| South America | 70.94615 | 24698571.4286 |
| Antarctica | NULL | 0.0000 |
| Oceania | 69.71500 | 1085755.3571 |
| Africa | 52.57193 | 13525431.0345 |
| North America | 72.99189 | 13053864.8649 |
| Europe | 75.14773 | 15871186.9565 |
| Asia | 67.44118 | 72647562.7451 |
+---------------+----------------+---------------
MySQL: Selects

Joins and IN are better than sub-queries!
SELECT C.Name , C.Population , CY.LifeExpectancy
FROM City C INNER JOIN Country CY ON C.CountryCode = CY.Code
WHERE C.CountryCode IN (SELECT CountryCode FROM City CC WHERE
Population > 3694820);
+------------------+------------+----------------+
| Name | Population | LifeExpectancy |
+------------------+------------+----------------+
| Mumbai (Bombay) | 10500000 | 62.5 |
| Seoul | 9981619 | 74.4 |
| Shanghai | 9696300 | 71.4 |
| Jakarta | 9604900 | 68.0 |
| Karachi | 9269265 | 61.1 |
| Istanbul | 8787958 | 71.0 |
| Moscow | 8389200 | 67.2 |
| New York | 8008278 | 77.1 |
MySQL: Selects with sub-queries

MySQL
Data Dictionary = INFORMATION_SCHEMA
See aggregated size per schema per engine:
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, ENGINE, COUNT(*) AS count_tables,
SUM(DATA_LENGTH+INDEX_LENGTH) AS size,
SUM(INDEX_LENGTH) AS index_size FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN ('mysql', 'INFORMATION_SCHEMA')
AND ENGINE IS NOT NULL GROUP BY TABLE_SCHEMA, ENGINE
http://code.openark.org/blog/mysql/useful-database-analysis-queries-with-
information_schema

MySQL
Data Dictionary = INFORMATION_SCHEMA
+--------------------+--------------------+--------------+------------+------------+
| TABLE_SCHEMA | ENGINE | count_tables | size | index_size |
+--------------------+--------------------+--------------+------------+------------+ |
| performance_schema | PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | 48 | 0 | 0 |
| telco | InnoDB | 1 | 143425536 | 52592640 |
| test | InnoDB | 1 | 16384 | 0 |
| test | MyISAM | 2 | 2048 | 2048 |
| wb | MyISAM | 10 | 320223 | 47104 |
| world | InnoDB | 3 | 802816 | 196608 |
+--------------------+--------------------+--------------+------------+------------+
http://code.openark.org/blog/mysql/useful-database-analysis-queries-with-
information_schema

MySQL Performance Schema
use performance_schema;
mysql> SELECT THREAD_ID, NUMBER_OF_BYTES
-> FROM events_waits_history
-> WHERE EVENT_NAME LIKE 'wait/io/file/%'
-> AND NUMBER_OF_BYTES IS NOT NULL;
+-----------+-----------------+
| THREAD_ID | NUMBER_OF_BYTES |
+-----------+-----------------+
| 11 | 66 |
| 11 | 47 |
| 11 | 139 |
| 5 | 24 |
| 5 | 834 |
+-----------+-----------------+

MySQL: Performance options
MySQL startup options
Innodb can handle more memory and more cores..
The buffer pool is for caching data and indexes in memory so set the
following to < 80% of the machine physical memory.
Important performance options for indexes are:
innodb_buffer_pool_size < 80% of memory. # default value is 8M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1 #Increase for multi-core boxes
innodb_log_file_size=2G. #dependent on recovery speed required.
innodb_thread_concurrency= (Cores/threads *2) + disks
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
# innodb_file_per_table #depends on how many tables used. Get the big picture 1st.

Laptop example for my.cnf
[mysql.server]
key_buffer_size=16M
sort_buffer_size=4M
read_buffer_size=256K
binlog_cache_size=64K
max_connections=500
wait_timeout=1800
bulk_insert_buffer_size= 16M
max_allowed_packet = 50M
tmp_table_size= 1G
tmpdir= /tmp/
table_cache= 1024
query_cache_size=128M
default-table-type= innodb
relay-log =/var/lib/mysql/kdlarson-relay-bin
#innodb
innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10G:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=40M
innodb_log_files_in_group=2
# Set the log file size to about
# 25 % of the buffer pool size
innodb_log_file_size=100M
innodb_log_buffer_size=128M
innodb_lock_wait_timeout=600
innodb_table_locks = 0
innodb_status_file = 1
MySQL: Performance options

URLS to help for later:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/mysql-indexes.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/show-index.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/create-index.html
http://learnmysql.blogspot.com/2010/11/mysql-query-and-index-tuning.html
http://www.slideshare.net/manikandakumar/mysql-query-and-index-tuning
http://www.slideshare.net/osscube/indexing-the-mysql-index-key-to-performance-tuning
http://effectivemysql.com/downloads/ImprovingPerformanceWithBetterIndexes-OOW-2011.pdf
http://prajwal-tuladhar.net.np/2009/09/23/474/things-you-should-know-about-mysql-index/
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/innodb-monitors.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/innodb-parameters.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/innodb-buffer-pool.html
http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2006/07/17/show-innodb-status-walk-through/
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/server-parameters.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_key_buffer_size
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_table_open_cache
http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2007/11/01/innodb-performance-optimization-basics/
http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2007/11/03/choosing-innodb_buffer_pool_size/
MySQL: Indexes

MySQL: Indexes (keys)
When MySQL uses indexes
Using >, >=, =, <, <=, IF NULL and BETWEEN on a key.
o SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE key_part1=1 and key_part2 > 5;
o SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE key_part1 IS NULL;
* When you use a LIKE that doesn't start with a wildcard.
o SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE key_part1 LIKE 'jani%'
* Retrieving rows from other tables when performing joins.
o SELECT * from t1,t2 where t1.col=t2.key_part
* Find the MAX() or MIN() value for a specific index.
o SELECT MIN(key_part2),MAX(key_part2) FROM table_name where
key_part1=10
* ORDER BY or GROUP BY on a prefix of a key.
o SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY key_part1,key_part2,key_part3
* When all columns used in the query are part of one key.
o SELECT key_part3 FROM table_name WHERE key_part1=1

When MySQL doesn't use an index
* Indexes are NOT used if MySQL can calculate that it will probably be faster to
scan the whole table.
For example if key_part1 is evenly distributed between 1 and 100, it's not good to use
an index in the following query:
o SELECT * FROM table_name where key_part1 > 1 and key_part1 < 90
* If you are using HEAP tables and you don't search on all key parts with =
* When you use ORDER BY on a HEAP table
* If you are not using the first key part
o SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE key_part2=1
* If you are using LIKE that starts with a wildcard
o SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE key_part1 LIKE '%jani%'
* When you search on one index and do an ORDER BY on another
o SELECT * from table_name WHERE key_part1 = # ORDER BY key2

Optimizing tables
Use NOT NULL for columns which will not store null values. This is particularly
important for columns which you index.
è_id` bigint(12) unsigned NOT NULL
Don't create indexes you are not going to use.
Use the fact that MySQL can search on a prefix of an index; If you have and INDEX
(a,b), you don't need an index on (a).
UNIQUE KEY ùq_id` (ù_id`,`q_id`),
KEY `q_id` (`q_id`),
Instead of creating an index on long CHAR/VARCHAR column, index just a prefix of
the column to save space.
CREATE TABLE `table_name` (
`hostname` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
KEY `hostname` (`hostname`(10))
) ENGINE=InnoDB

SHOW INDEXES FROM CityG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: City
Non_unique: 0
Key_name: PRIMARY
Seq_in_index: 1
Column_name: ID
Collation: A
Cardinality: 4051
Sub_part: NULL
Packed: NULL
Null:
Index_type: BTREE
Comment:
Index_comment:
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Table: City
Non_unique: 1
Key_name: CountryCode
Seq_in_index: 1
Column_name: CountryCode
Collation: A
Cardinality: 506
Sub_part: NULL
Packed: NULL
Null:
Index_type: BTREE
Comment:
Index_comment:

More Urls for you to use later
http://effectivemysql.com/downloads/ExplainingTheMySQLEXPLAIN-OOW-2011.pdf
http://prajwal-tuladhar.net.np/2009/09/26/481/know-more-about-mysql-explain/
http://www.slideshare.net/ligaya/explain
MySQL: Index – Use Explain!

Use EXPLAIN on every query that you think is too slow!
mysql> explain select t3.DateOfAction, t1.TransactionID
-> from t1 join t2 join t3
-> where t2.ID = t1.TransactionID and t3.ID = t2.GroupID
-> order by t3.DateOfAction, t1.TransactionID;
+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| t1 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 11 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
| t2 | ref | ID | ID | 4 | t1.TransactionID | 13 | |
| t3 | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | t2.GroupID | 1 | |
+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+---------------------------------+
Types ALL and range signal a potential problem.

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT C.Name , T.Name FROM world.City C INNER JOIN
world.Country T ON C.CountryCode = T.Code;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+--------------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra
|
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+--------------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | T | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 264 |
|
| 1 | SIMPLE | C | ref | CountryCode | CountryCode | 3 | world.T.Code | 8 |
|
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+--------------+------+-------+

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/stored-routines.html
The CREATE ROUTINE , ALTER ROUTINE , EXECUTE privilege is needed for stored
routines.
mysql> delimiter //
mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE simpleproc (OUT param1 INT)
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO param1 FROM t;
END//
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> CALL simpleproc(@a);
mysql> SELECT @a;
+------+
| @a |
+------+
| 3 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL: Stored Routines

MySQL: Stored Routines

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/create-trigger.html
CREATE TABLE test1(a1 INT);
CREATE TABLE test2(a2 INT);
CREATE TABLE test3(a3 INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY);
CREATE TABLE test4(
a4 INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
b4 INT DEFAULT 0
);
delimiter |
CREATE TRIGGER testref BEFORE INSERT ON test1
FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
INSERT INTO test2 SET a2 = NEW.a1;
DELETE FROM test3 WHERE a3 = NEW.a1;
UPDATE test4 SET b4 = b4 + 1 WHERE a4 = NEW.a1;
END; |
delimiter ;
MySQL: Triggers

mysql> INSERT INTO test3 (a3)
VALUES (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), (NULL);
Records: 10 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> INSERT INTO test4 (a4) VALUES (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0);
INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (1), (3), (1), (7), (1), (8), (4), (4);
## Warnings: 1
Statement is unsafe because it invokes a trigger or a stored function that inserts into an
AUTO_INCREMENT column. Inserted values cannot be logged correctly.
set BINLOG_FORMAT = MIXED;
MySQL: Triggers

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/create-
trigger.html
mysql> SELECT * FROM test1;
+------+
| a1 |
+------+
| 1 |
| 3 |
| 1 |
| 7 |
| 1 |
| 8 |
| 4 |
| 4 |
+------+
MySQL: Triggers
+----+
| a3 |
+----+
| 2 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
| 9 |
| 10 |
+----+
+----+------+
| a4 | b4 |
+----+------+
| 1 | 3 |
| 2 | 0 |
| 3 | 1 |
| 4 | 2 |
| 5 | 0 |
| 6 | 0 |
| 7 | 1 |
| 8 | 1 |
| 9 | 0 |
| 10 | 0 |
+----+------+
+------+
| a2 |
+------+
| 1 |
| 3 |
| 1 |
| 7 |
| 1 |
| 8 |
| 4 |
| 4 |
+------+
8 rows in set (0.00 s

MySQL: Triggers

MySQL: Views

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/commit.html
To disable autocommit mode, use the following statement:
mysql> show variables like '%autocommit%';
+---------------+-------+
+---------------+-------+
| autocommit | ON |
+---------------+-------+
mysql> SET autocommit=0;
mysql> show variables like '%autocommit%';
+---------------+-------+
+---------------+-------+
| autocommit | OFF |
+---------------+-------+
MySQL: Transactions

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/commit.html
To disable autocommit mode for a single series of statements
use the START TRANSACTION statement:
START TRANSACTION;
SELECT @A:=SUM(salary) FROM table1 WHERE type=1;
UPDATE table2 SET summary=@A WHERE type=1;
COMMIT;
MySQL: Transactions

The best way to backup depends on the application
Possible solutions:
MySQL Enterprise Backup
Replication
mysqldump
…
Best solution is using all three, I will explain.
# mysqldump -p --all-databases --master-data=1 > /tmp/
example_dump.sql
Not an online solution. Can/will lock tables.
MySQL: Backups

• Online Backup for InnoDB
• Full, Incremental, Partial Backups (scriptable interface)
• Compression
• Point in Time, Full, Partial Recovery options
• Metadata on status, progress, history
• Unlimited Database Size
• Cross-Platform
• Windows, Linux, Unix
• Certified with Oracle Secure Backup
MEB Backup
Files
MySQL
Database Files
mysqlbackup
Ensures quick, online backup and recovery of your MySQL apps.

Usage:
ibbackup [--incremental lsn] [--sleep ms] [--suspend-at-end] [--compress [level]] [--include regexp] my.cnf backup-
my.cnf
or
ibbackup --apply-log [--use-memory mb] [--uncompress] backup-my.cnf
or
ibbackup --apply-log --incremental [--use-memory mb] [--uncompress] incremental-backup-my.cnf full-backup-my.cnf
The backup program does NOT make a backup of the .frm files of the tables,
and it does not make backups of MyISAM tables. To back up these items, either:
- Use the mysqlbackup program.
- Make backups of the .frm files with the Unix 'tar' or the Windows WinZip or an equivalent tool both BEFORE and
AFTER ibbackup finishes its work,and also store the MySQL binlog segment that is generated between the
moment
you copy the .frm files to a backup and the moment ibbackup finishes its work.
For extra safety, also use:
mysqldump -l -d yourdatabasename
to dump the table CREATE statements in a human-readable form before
ibbackup finishes its work.
MySQL: Backups

MySQL: Replication Overview
Native in MySQL
Used for Scalability and HA
Asynchronous as standard
Semi-Synchronous support
added in MySQL 5.5
Each slave adds minimal load on
master

MySQL: Replication Topologies
Multi-Master Ring

MySQL: Replication Overview
Native in MySQL
Used for Scalability and HA
Asynchronous as standard
Semi-Synchronous support
added in MySQL 5.5
Each slave adds minimal load on
master

MySQL: Replicated Set up
 http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/replication-howto.html
 Master Bin logs enabled.
 [mysqld]
 log-bin=mysql-bin
 server-id=1
 Backup ( mysqldump or enterprise backup)
# mysqldump -p --all-databases --master-data=1 > /tmp/example_dump.sql
 Slave my.cnf server id
 [mysqld]
 server-id=2
 Replication user
 mysql> CREATE USER 'repl'@'%.mydomain.com' IDENTIFIED BY
'slavepass';
 mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO
'repl'@'%.mydomain.com';

MySQL: Replicated Set up
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/replication-howto.html
Import data into slave
shell> mysql < /tmp/example_dump.sql
 Start the slave, using the --skip-slave-start
 Set master relationship with information from your dump
 CHANGE MASTER TO
 -> MASTER_HOST='master_host_name',
 -> MASTER_USER='replication_user_name',
 -> MASTER_PASSWORD='replication_password',
 -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='recorded_log_file_name',
 -> MASTER_LOG_POS=recorded_log_position;
 Start slave

Application
MySQL Server
SE2SE1
Storage Engines
Master
Binlog
Replication
MySQL Server
Application
Slave
Relay
Binlog
L R R A
SE2SE1
Storage Engines
Logging/
Replication
Semi-Sync
Replicator
Relay Log/
Applier
Semi-Sync
Receiver
Ack
Available as two separate loadable components
for the master and the slave
MySQL: 5.5 Semisynchronous Replication

MySQL: Migrating to Semisynchronous Replication
1. Install the plugin for the master and slave(s)
master> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME
'semisync_master.so';
slave> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so';
2. Enable semisynchronous replication
master> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = on;
slave> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = on;
slave> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD; START SLAVE IO_THREAD;
3. Confirm that there is now 1 semisynchronous slave
master> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients';
+------------------------------+-------+
+------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 1 |
+------------------------------+-------+

MySQL: Enterprise Monitor 2.3

• Auto-detects, groups/maintains
Master/Slave topologies
• Consolidated, real time status/
synch check
• Notifications on Synch Issues
• Proactive vs reactive
Saves you time monitoring and
collecting replication status/synch
data from MySQL command line.
MySQL: Automated Replication Monitor

• Centralized monitoring of queries
without Slow Query Log, SHOW
PROCESSLIST;
• Enabled via MySQL Connectors
• Aggregated view of query
execution counts, time, and rows
• Visual “grab and go” correlation
with Monitor graphs
• Traces query executions back to
source code
Saves you time parsing atomic
executions from logs. Finds
problems you cannot find yourself.
MySQL: Query Analyzer

Example query exec
with variable
substitution
Trace query exec
back to source code
Full exec EXPLAIN
MySQL: Query Execution Drill Downs

• 24 X 7 Problem Resolution
Services
• Unlimited Support Incidents
• Knowledge Base
• Maintenance Releases, Bug
fixes, Patches, Updates
• MySQL Consultative Support
• Staffed by experienced,
seasoned MySQL Engineers
Oracle Premier Support for MySQL

http://education.oracle.com/pls/web_prod-plq-dad/db_pages.getpage?page_id=402&p_nl=JMSQ
An Oracle certification recognizes and rewards your skills, dedication, and
motivation in the highly competitive technology industry.
– Oracle Certified Associate, MySQL 5.0/5.1/5.5
• Exam Number: 1Z0-870
– Oracle Certified Professional, MySQL 5.0 Developer
– Oracle Certified Professional, MySQL 5.0 Database Administrator
– Oracle Certified Expert, MySQL 5.1 Cluster Database
Administrator
• PRIOR CERTIFICATION :Oracle Certified Professional, MySQL 5 Database
Administrator
MySQL: Certifications

mysql.com
• Download MySQL 5.5, MySQL Cluster 7.1 GA, GPL Products
• MySQL Products, Editions, Licensing Options
• TCO calculator
• Upcoming Events
• Customer use cases and success stories
dev.mysql.com
• Download MySQL 5.6 DMR and Labs “early access” features
• Developer Zone Articles, How to’s
• Community Resources
eDelivery.com
• Download and evaluate all MySQL products
MySQL: Additional Resources

Planet.mysql.com
• Blog feeds from the experts and the community
Books:
• MySQL by Paul DuBois
• MySQL Administrator's Bible
• High Performance MySQL: Optimization, Backups, Replication
• Effective MySQL book
forums.mysql.com
Community interaction
Workbench
– http://www.mysql.com/products/workbench/demo.html

Video by Oracle ACE and MySQL expert Ronald Bradford: Top 20 Database Design Tips Every
Architect Needs To Know : http://ow.ly/6FpzB
Need examples to apply immediately to improve database and application performances?
This MySQL book can help. http://ow.ly/6TYpu
Free download of chapter 1 "The Five Minute DBA" of Effective MySQL book by Ronald
Bradford at http://ow.ly/6TYSR
Free chapter describes analysis tools used to help optimize a MySQL statement including
EXPLAIN and SHOW CREATE TABLE http://ow.ly/6TZhk
Test Data used in this presentation is available at : http://dev.mysql.com/doc/
index-other.html

Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/groups/mysqlcolorado/
Meetup.com : http://www.meetup.com/Colorado-MySQL-Meetup-Group
MySQL: Colorado Meetup Group
Meet other Colorado users of MySQL for
conversation and fun! Come to a local
MySQL Meetup to talk about the world's
most popular open source database, get
great tips and share new ideas. All levels
of experience welcome!

Movies http://www.buzzom.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/atthemovies.jpg
Superman http://www.supermanfun.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Superman-Clark-Kent-Old-Pics-217x300.jpg
clark kent http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QO-jbX7c2Mk/TqkUu-Pad2I/AAAAAAAAKV8/DUTB60Fe1QI/s1600/clark%2Bkent.jpg
Kent a& superman http://www.toptenz.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/clark-kent-superman.jpg
Supermanlogo http://www.superman-picture.com/images/superad.gif
Books http://publishingperspectives.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/stack-of-books.jpg
Pull back curtain on Oz http://911u.org/CoDR/images/TWOO1.jpg
Organized movies http://www.whirlwind.nu/images/journal_101119_movies_and_books_rainbow.jpg
Show tables http://storefixtures.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/tables.jpg?w=200&h=192
Datatypes http://mysql.lamphost.net/tech-resources/articles/mysql-cluster-50.gif
the riddler http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_57XeKo2AVGk/TNfvV8CmamI/AAAAAAAADds/zG9SGr3Dv9s/s1600/The_Riddler_3%5B1%5D.png
World http://www.scientificamerican.com/media/inline/3E0F9160-E7F2-99DF-358998AA3C1A910F_1.jpg
Pile of VHS http://punksonfilm.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/vhs-pile.jpg
Organized movies http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Yz5dzGyEAnQ/S0EHwl-_-ZI/AAAAAAAAAA8/bbSuUFf8Zpw/s320/IMG_0644.JPG
Index Cards' "DNA" By ayalan http://prajwal-tuladhar.net.np/2009/09/23/474/things-you-should-know-about-mysql-index/
Safe http://www.thomasgregory.com/Portals/40231/images//Vault.JPG
Credits

<Insert Picture Here>
Thanks for attending!
keith.larson@oracle.com

Mysql nowwhat

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