cardiac disorder

1. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE

2. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU

3. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
CORONARY CIRCULATION

4. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
DEFINITION
Myocardial infarction refers to a dynamic
process by which one or more region of the heart
experiences a severe and prolonged decrease in
oxygen supply because of insufficient coronary
blood flow, subsequently, necrosis or death to
the myocardial tissue occurs.

5. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
MODIFIABLE
FACTORS
• Stress.
• Obesity.
• Sedentarylifestyle.
• Tobaccouser.
• Hypertension.
• Diabetesmellitus.
NONMODIFIABLE
FACTORS
• Age.
• Gender.
• Familyhistory.

6. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Plaques or thrombus formation in the coronary artery
Occlusion of the artery
Vasospasm of the blood vessel’s
Decrease oxygen supply & Increase oxygen demand
Necrosis
Myocardial Infarction

7. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Pressure or tightness in the chest
Pain in the chest, back, jaw, and other areas of the
upper body that lasts more than a few minutes or that
goes away and comes back.
Tachycardia
Shortness of breath
Sweating
Nausea
Vomiting
Anxiety
Cough
Dizziness

8. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
DIAGNOSIS
•Patient History
•Stress test
•Electrocardiogram
•Angiogram
•Echocardiogram
•Blood test such as troponin, CK- MB,
Myoglobulin.

9. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
CLASSIFICATIONOF MI
A. STSegment Elevated MI (STEMI)
B.Non STSegmentElevated MI (NSTEMI)

10. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• Oxygen therapy
• Blood thinners, such as aspirin, are often used to break up blood
clots and improve blood flow through narrowed arteries.
• Thrombolytics are often used to dissolve clots.
• Antiplatelet drugs, such as clopidogrel, can be used to prevent
new clots from forming and existing clots from growing.
• Nitroglycerin can be used to widen your blood vessels.
• Beta-blockers lower your blood pressure and relax your heart
muscle. This can help limit the severity of damage to your heart.
• ACE inhibitors can also be used to lower blood pressure and
decrease stress on the heart.
• Pain relievers may be used to reduce any discomfort you may
feel.

11. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
1) PTCA (Percutaneous Transluminal
coronary intervention) / Angioplasty
2) CABG (Coronary Artey Bypass Grafting)
3) IABP (Intra Aortic Balloon Pump)
4) Minimal Invasive Direct Coronary Artery By-
Pass.

12. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
1)Percutaneoustransluminalcoronary intervention

13. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
2) CoronaryArteryBypassGrafting

14. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
3)Intra aortic balloonpump.

15. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
4)Minimal Invasivedirectcoronary
arterybypass
• Its different from CABG is that
median sternotomy iseliminated.
• Its hassmaller incission.
• A robotic system endoscopic technique is
used to place by-passgraft.
• Its advantage is that it has
fewer complication.

16. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Oxygen administration to achieve a balance between
myocardial oxygen supply and demand.
 Prevention of complications
 Continuous monitoring of cardiac functions
 Continuous ECG monitoring
 Hemodynamic monitoring
 Monitor and record intake and urine output
 Provide emotional and psychological support
 Explain and provide adequate information and
knowledge about disease condition and treatment process.

17. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
COMPLICATIONS
 Severe Arrhythmias
 Cardiac failure
 Ventricular wall ruptured
 Pulmonary or cerebral aneurysm
 Pericarditis
 Angina Pectoris
 Recurrent Infarction
 Psychiatric disorder

18. MRS. VANDANA RAJPAL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SUMANDEEP NURSING COLLEGE, SVDU
THANK YOU