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This document provides information about archaeological findings from excavations at Mycenae including the Vapheio Cup depicting Agamemnon, a mask dated to 1500 BC, a dagger from the 16th century BC decorated with a lion hunt scene, and a bull's head also from the 16th century BC. It includes references to books and publications about Mycenaean burial customs, the decipherment of Linear B script, the Mycenaean world, and excavation reports from Mycenae from 1939-1953 documenting findings like Grave Circle A.
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“My Tomb Will Be Opened in
Eight Hundred Years”:
A New Way of Seeing the Afterlife in Six
Dynasties China
J i e S h i
University of Chicago
In a large undisturbed sixth-century tomb at Jiajiazhuang 賈家莊 in Shouyang 壽陽 county, Shanxi province, archaeologists dis-
covered an epitaph declaring a belief about tombs different from what
Chinese held before that time.1 This brick tomb, among the largest of
its period, had a single burial chamber, which measured 5.44 by 5.42
meters in area and had a crushed vaulted ceiling about 4.60 meters
high (figs. 1 and 2). Three square epitaph stones, each with a stone
cover, lay side by side on the floor of the tomb chamber. According to
the inscriptions engraved on these stones, the central and largest was
for the major tomb occupant, Prince Shedi Huiluo 厙狄迴洛 (505–
562).2 The flanking two referred to his two wives buried with him.3
I would like to thank Wu Hung, Robert Harrist Jr., Zheng Yan, and the anonymous reviewer
for HJAS, for their valuable insights and critiques of different versions of this essay.
1 Wang Kelin 王克林, “Bei Qi Shedi Huiluo mu” 北齊厙狄回洛墓, Kaogu xuebao 考
古學報 1979.3: 377–99.
2 For Shedi Huiluo’s official biography, see Li Baiyao 李百藥, Bei Qishu 北齊書 (Bei-
jing: Zhonghua shuju, 1972), 19.254; Li Yanshou 李延壽, Beishi 北史 (Beijing: Zhonghua
shuju, 1974), 53.1908. All dates are Common Era unless otherwise noted.
3 Wang Kelin, “Bei Qi Shedi Huiluo mu,” pp. 396–98. For a transcription of their epi-
taphs, see Zhao Chao 趙超, Han Wei Nanbeichao muzhi huibian 漢魏南北朝墓誌彙編
(Tianjin: Tianjin guji chubanshe, 1992) [hereafter HWNM], pp. 407–8, 414.
218 Jie Shi
A contemporaneous reader of the prince’s well-composed epitaph
(see fig. 3, p. 246, and Appendix 1) would come to a statement that
might astonish him or her near the end of the text: “The tomb will col-
lapse and the pond will be filled up, and they will finally be occupied
by foxes and hares. My tomb will be opened in eight hundred years as
heaven orbits.” The first person pronoun “I” (wu 吾) that begins the
last sentence renders unambiguous the tomb occupant’s expectation
that his own tomb is doomed to ruin followed by excavation.
This passage violates the conventional Chinese belief held until
that time: that the tomb was never supposed to be damaged or opened.
According to a second-century dictionary, the basic idea of a tomb was
to “conceal,” and to prevent the exposure of, the deceased’s body.4 The
4 Wu Hung, The Art of the Yellow Springs: Understanding Chinese Tombs (London:
Reaktion Books, 2009), pp. 9–10.
Fig. 1 Shedi Huiluo’s tomb, 562 C.E. Jiajiazhuang, Shouyang, Shanxi province.
Photograph of the excavation from the north, facing entrance at south. Kaogu
xuebao 1979.3, pl. 2.1.
The Afterlife in Six Dyna sties China 219
tomb, the final resting place of one’s ancestor, generated emotions of
empathy and solicitude and uphel ...
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1-1 Spotted Horses with Human Hands
1-7 Woman of Willendorf
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2-5 Votive Statues from the Square Temple
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2-8 Cylinder Seal and its impression
Mesopotamian art: Akkadian, 2340-2180 BCE
2-1 Stele of Naramsin
Mesopotamian art: Ur and Lagash
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Mesopotamian art: Babylonian, 1800-1600 BCE
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Gudea
Hammurabi
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stele
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Page 53 Palette of Narmer
3-4 Stepped Pyramid of Djoser
3-5 Great Pyramids, Giza
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3-10 Menkaure and a Queen
3-11 Seated Scribe
3-13 Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt
Egyptian art: Middle Kingdom, 2055-1650 BCE
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Egyptian art: New Kingdom, 1550-1069 BCE
3-1 Funerary Mask of Tutankhamen
3-23 Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
3-28 Akhenaten and his Family
3-30 Nefertiti
3-32 Inner coffin of Tutankhamen
3-37 Judgment of Hunefer Before Osiris
Vocabulary and names to know for the Egyptian periods
Akhenaten and Nefertiti
Djoser
Hatshepsut
Hieroglyphics
ka
mastaba
Menkaure, Khafre and Khufu
Narmer
sarcophagus
Tutankhamen
Module 3 Quiz is based on the following artworks and vocabulary:
Aegean art: Minoan, 3,000-1,375 BCE
4-5 Reconstruction of the Palace of Knossos
4-7 Bull Leaping
4-9 Harvester Vase
4-11 Octopus Flask
4-13 Vapheio cup
Aegean art: Mycenaean, 3,000-1,000 BCE
4-16, 4-17 Citadel, Mycenae, with Lion Gate
4-21 “Mask of Agamemnon”
4-22 Dagger Blade with Lion Hunt
4-23 to 4-25 Treasury of A.
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epherites II
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Kmt.
c Dynasty XXX: Ca. 378—341 B.C.E.
itive Kemetic Dynasty
:ctanebo I
capital at Tjebnutjer (Sebennytos).
Os
er of Macedon defeats the Persian Army at ti
wasion and occupation of Kmt under Alexa
XX)I: 323—30 B.C.I.
Ic Dy’ asty
I (S4r)
ia beqomes the Kemetic administrative capit:
(Famius African Scholar-Priest) writes a Hist
he di.’ides the Kemetic royal families into d
11 (Phladelphus) opens ports at Arsinoe, My
‘ian Tvuseum and Library founded.
nes (Celebrated African Scholar and the First
y charts the earth’s circjmference and writes
III (Euergetes)
[V (Phulopator)
tta Stone (A bilingual
V (Epiphanes)
VI (Philometor)
VII (Neos Philopator)
Viii (Euergetes II)
LX (Soter II)
(Alexander I)
U (Alexander II)
‘set and Na-nefer-ka-ptah and Khaemwaset a
(11 (Neos Dionysos)
VII commits suicide.
Caesar claims Kmt as a province of the Rom
e Battle of Issus.
der of Macedon in
ry ofEg)’pt (Aegvptia
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s Hormos and Bereni
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ctanebo II defeated by Persians under Ataxerxes Ill in 343 B.C.E.
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OF GODS AND MEN:
EGYPT’S OLD KINGDOM
Wayne B. Chandler
And, I say unto you, that through the inspirational writings
of him who is my word unto the nations, shot! tlte land of
Khem be caused to give forth those secrets to mankind
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217Published by the Harvard -Yenching Institu te HJAS 72.2 (2012): 217–257
“My Tomb Will Be Opened in
Eight Hundred Years”:
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University of Chicago
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meters in area and had a crushed vaulted ceiling about 4.60 meters
high (figs. 1 and 2). Three square epitaph stones, each with a stone
cover, lay side by side on the floor of the tomb chamber. According to
the inscriptions engraved on these stones, the central and largest was
for the major tomb occupant, Prince Shedi Huiluo 厙狄迴洛 (505–
562).2 The flanking two referred to his two wives buried with him.3
I would like to thank Wu Hung, Robert Harrist Jr., Zheng Yan, and the anonymous reviewer
for HJAS, for their valuable insights and critiques of different versions of this essay.
1 Wang Kelin 王克林, “Bei Qi Shedi Huiluo mu” 北齊厙狄回洛墓, Kaogu xuebao 考
古學報 1979.3: 377–99.
2 For Shedi Huiluo’s official biography, see Li Baiyao 李百藥, Bei Qishu 北齊書 (Bei-
jing: Zhonghua shuju, 1972), 19.254; Li Yanshou 李延壽, Beishi 北史 (Beijing: Zhonghua
shuju, 1974), 53.1908. All dates are Common Era unless otherwise noted.
3 Wang Kelin, “Bei Qi Shedi Huiluo mu,” pp. 396–98. For a transcription of their epi-
taphs, see Zhao Chao 趙超, Han Wei Nanbeichao muzhi huibian 漢魏南北朝墓誌彙編
(Tianjin: Tianjin guji chubanshe, 1992) [hereafter HWNM], pp. 407–8, 414.
218 Jie Shi
A contemporaneous reader of the prince’s well-composed epitaph
(see fig. 3, p. 246, and Appendix 1) would come to a statement that
might astonish him or her near the end of the text: “The tomb will col-
lapse and the pond will be filled up, and they will finally be occupied
by foxes and hares. My tomb will be opened in eight hundred years as
heaven orbits.” The first person pronoun “I” (wu 吾) that begins the
last sentence renders unambiguous the tomb occupant’s expectation
that his own tomb is doomed to ruin followed by excavation.
This passage violates the conventional Chinese belief held until
that time: that the tomb was never supposed to be damaged or opened.
According to a second-century dictionary, the basic idea of a tomb was
to “conceal,” and to prevent the exposure of, the deceased’s body.4 The
4 Wu Hung, The Art of the Yellow Springs: Understanding Chinese Tombs (London:
Reaktion Books, 2009), pp. 9–10.
Fig. 1 Shedi Huiluo’s tomb, 562 C.E. Jiajiazhuang, Shouyang, Shanxi province.
Photograph of the excavation from the north, facing entrance at south. Kaogu
xuebao 1979.3, pl. 2.1.
The Afterlife in Six Dyna sties China 219
tomb, the final resting place of one’s ancestor, generated emotions of
empathy and solicitude and uphel ...
CBIO101 Reading Lewis p. 29CBIO101 Reading Lewis p..docx
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CBIO101 Reading: Lewis p. 8/9
CBIO101 Reading: Lewis p. 9/9
ART 101 Study Guide for the Quizzes
This Study Guide provides lists of specific works, terms and individuals on which the
quizzes will be based. Be able to identify the artists and titles, but also know about the
subjects, stylistic qualities and why these works are good examples of their respective
periods. It’s helpful to have the study guide at hand while reading the Stokstad text, so
that you’ll know on which works to focus. The numbers correspond to the illustration
numbers in the text.
Module 1 Quiz is based on the following artworks and vocabulary:
Paleolithic period, 40,000-7,000 BCE
1-1 Spotted Horses with Human Hands
1-7 Woman of Willendorf
1-11 Hall of Bulls, Lascaux,
1-12 Bird Headed Man with Bison
1-13 Bison, from Altamira
Neolithic period, 8,000-2,300 BCE
1-21, 1-22 Stonehenge
Vocabulary to know for prehistoric art:
megalith
post and lintel
Mesopotamian art: Sumerian, 3,500-2,340 BCE
2-4 Carved Vase (Uruk Vase)
2-5 Votive Statues from the Square Temple
page 32 Great Lyre with Bull’s Head
2-8 Cylinder Seal and its impression
Mesopotamian art: Akkadian, 2340-2180 BCE
2-1 Stele of Naramsin
Mesopotamian art: Ur and Lagash
2-11 Nanna Ziggurat, Ur
2-12 Votive Statue of Gudea
Mesopotamian art: Babylonian, 1800-1600 BCE
2-13 Stele of Hammurabi
Vocabulary and names to know for Prehistoric and Mesopotamian art:
Cuneiform
Gudea
Hammurabi
relief
stele
ziggurat
Module 2 Quiz is based on the following artworks and vocabulary:
Egyptian art, Old Kingdom, 3,000-2181 BCE
Page 53 Palette of Narmer
3-4 Stepped Pyramid of Djoser
3-5 Great Pyramids, Giza
3-9 Khafre
3-10 Menkaure and a Queen
3-11 Seated Scribe
3-13 Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt
Egyptian art: Middle Kingdom, 2055-1650 BCE
3-15 Rock-cut Tombs, Beni Hasan
Egyptian art: New Kingdom, 1550-1069 BCE
3-1 Funerary Mask of Tutankhamen
3-23 Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
3-28 Akhenaten and his Family
3-30 Nefertiti
3-32 Inner coffin of Tutankhamen
3-37 Judgment of Hunefer Before Osiris
Vocabulary and names to know for the Egyptian periods
Akhenaten and Nefertiti
Djoser
Hatshepsut
Hieroglyphics
ka
mastaba
Menkaure, Khafre and Khufu
Narmer
sarcophagus
Tutankhamen
Module 3 Quiz is based on the following artworks and vocabulary:
Aegean art: Minoan, 3,000-1,375 BCE
4-5 Reconstruction of the Palace of Knossos
4-7 Bull Leaping
4-9 Harvester Vase
4-11 Octopus Flask
4-13 Vapheio cup
Aegean art: Mycenaean, 3,000-1,000 BCE
4-16, 4-17 Citadel, Mycenae, with Lion Gate
4-21 “Mask of Agamemnon”
4-22 Dagger Blade with Lion Hunt
4-23 to 4-25 Treasury of A.
The 6 earliest Qur’anic manuscripts
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This document provides information about Greece. It begins with a brief history of Greece, noting important early civilizations and inventions from the Golden Age period between 490-420 BC. It discusses Greece's participation in World Wars I and II and achievements in the international arena. Notable Greeks mentioned include Nobel Prize winners Odysseas Elytis and Georgios Seferis, soprano Maria Callas, and doctor Georgios Papanikolaou. Industries, historical places, beaches, islands, and the city of Patras are outlined. The document concludes with details about the author's school.
My europe p.p
This document provides information about Greece, including:
- The capital of the European Union is Brussels.
- Greece has a population of over 10 million people spread across the mainland and over 6,000 islands.
- Greek civilization dates back 8,000 years, with important early cultures like the Mycenaeans and Cyclads. Golden Age Greece in the 5th century BC made significant contributions to philosophy, mathematics, drama, and more.
- Modern Greece has participated in global events like the World Wars and Olympics, and produced influential figures in fields like literature, poetry, opera, and medicine. Tourism centered around Greece's natural beauty and historical sites is an important industry.
Rotstein CV 12 August 2016
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epherites IIhorisKmt.c Dynasty XXX Ca. 378—341 B.C.E.docx
epherites II
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itive Kemetic Dynasty
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capital at Tjebnutjer (Sebennytos).
Os
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wasion and occupation of Kmt under Alexa
XX)I: 323—30 B.C.I.
Ic Dy’ asty
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ia beqomes the Kemetic administrative capit:
(Famius African Scholar-Priest) writes a Hist
he di.’ides the Kemetic royal families into d
11 (Phladelphus) opens ports at Arsinoe, My
‘ian Tvuseum and Library founded.
nes (Celebrated African Scholar and the First
y charts the earth’s circjmference and writes
III (Euergetes)
[V (Phulopator)
tta Stone (A bilingual
V (Epiphanes)
VI (Philometor)
VII (Neos Philopator)
Viii (Euergetes II)
LX (Soter II)
(Alexander I)
U (Alexander II)
‘set and Na-nefer-ka-ptah and Khaemwaset a
(11 (Neos Dionysos)
VII commits suicide.
Caesar claims Kmt as a province of the Rom
e Battle of Issus.
der of Macedon in
ry ofEg)’pt (Aegvptia
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ctanebo II defeated by Persians under Ataxerxes Ill in 343 B.C.E.
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decree of Ptolemy IV)Iinscribed in 196 B.C
OF GODS AND MEN:
EGYPT’S OLD KINGDOM
Wayne B. Chandler
And, I say unto you, that through the inspirational writings
of him who is my word unto the nations, shot! tlte land of
Khem be caused to give forth those secrets to mankind
which 1 shall cause to be hidden there . .
Osiris, The Book of Truth
In this chapter! hope to demonstrate that the origin of the civilization ofEgypt
(Khem) was black African, specifically Ethiopian or Anti. In order to understand
the progression of events which I hope wilt lead us to the revision of Egypt’s
history, I wilt give an overview of archaeology in Egypt. In orderfor the reader
to fully appreciate the achievements of Egyptian civilization, I will summarize
the notable accomplishments of the early Egyptians.
For centuries, countries too numerous to mention have competed for the right
to lay c)aim to Egypt, the birthplace of science, philosophy, art, and yes, the
very genesis of civilization as we know it. Those origins which have become
most popular over the centuries are India, Sumeria, Mesopotamia, and Arabia.
Ironically, with the advent of the archaeologist, the historical perspectives be
came even more confusing. For this pioneering school, trying to solve the ar
chaic mysteries of this culture became more a cause of frustration than a source
of adventure. Too often were archaeologists confronted with pieces of a puzzle
that did not seem to fit. In what finally became an historical frenzy to make sense
of data accumulated from temple, tomb, and terrain, archaeologists committed
the cardinal sin of sanding square pegs so they might fit into round holes.
Personal bias and racial prejudice prevented most of these scientists, many of
whom were great scholars, from seeing the obvious—that Egypt was born a ...
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Cultural heritage of Greece
The Cultural Heritage of Greece to the World, including among others the birth of poetry, the birth of philosophy and the arts and science in ancient Greece
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Content Area 2: Ancient Mediterranean Part 3
This document provides an overview of Etruscan art and the art of ancient Rome. It discusses the Etruscan vocabulary related to art including necropolis, stucco, terra-cotta, triclinium, tufa, tumulus, and Tuscan order. It also mentions that Etruscan art spanned from the 10th century BCE to 270 BCE. Examples of Etruscan tomb paintings and the ceiling from a tomb are shown. The document then shifts to discussing the history of Roman art and provides an example of a virtual reconstruction of a home from Pompeii.
PUBLICATIONS
This document lists numerous publications by the author on topics related to the history and architecture of Damascus, Syria from the 12th to 19th centuries. The publications include articles in academic journals on various aspects of Damascus such as the role of women in construction during the Ayyubid era, the origins of the Suq Sarouja quarter in the 12th century, tombs and mausoleums from the 12th to 16th centuries in the Suwayqat Sarouja neighborhood, and a comparison of the wealthy Suwayqat Sarouja and Al-Azbakiyya quarters in Ottoman Damascus and Cairo. The author has also published books on the urban development and architecture of Damascus neighborhoods, domestic architecture and el
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Mykenai̇
- 16. Vapheio Cup
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- 19. Boğa Başı M.Ö. 16. Yüzyıl
- 20. Kaynakça -Behçet Necatigil, Mitologya Sözlüğü, Sel Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 5.baskı, 2006 -Homeros Destanları Işığında Anadolu-Hellas Ölü Gömme Adetleri, Doç. Dr. Ömer ÇAPAR -The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 74 (1954), pp. 170-171 -Excavations at Mycenae, 1963 and 1964 Betty Grossman and George E. The Classical Journal, Vol. 61, No. 1 (Oct., 1965), pp. 4-6 -Chadwick, J., Decipherment of Linear B, Cambridge, 1982. -Chadwick, J., Linear B and Related Scripts, London, 1995. -Chadwick, J., The Mycenaean World, Cambridge, 1976. -Dickinson, O. T. P. K., The Aegean Bronze Age, Cambridge, 1999. -Drews, R., The Coming of the Greeks. Indo-European Conquests in the Aegean and in the Near East, Princeton, 1992. -Hornblower, S.-A. Spawforth, "Weights", The Oxford Classical Dictionary,1620-1621. -Palmer, L. R., Wine in the Mycenaean Palace Economy, Liege, 1994. -Taylour, W., The Mycenaeans, London, 1995 -Mycenae 1939-1953: Part II. The Grave Circle A. J. B. Wace and F. H. The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 49 (1954), pp. 244-247Published