Myanmar known until recently as Burma, is slowly but steadily starting to attract foreign investment, driven mainly by international resource firms eager to tap into the mineral-rich South East Asia's country. After more than half a century of military ruling, Burma has started benefitting from the recent suspension of sanctions by Canada, the United States and the European Union. Myanmar's gold production is increasing and could prove a key factor for the country's economic growth, but many gold miners are suffering from lung diseases due to inadequate equipment and antiquated practices. In mineral-rich areas of Kachin State, taxes from Burmese and Chinese gold mining provides an important income stream to the Kachin Independence Organization. However, these mining companies use mercury in an environmentally hazardous extraction process, which can lead to long-lasting damage for the area's forests and river ways.
Approaches and Techniques for Managing Human-Elephant Conflicts in Western Se...Isaac Yohana Chamba
A research proposal for a Research project for completion of Master degree of Science in Ecosystems science and Management of Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) for academic years 2016-2018. The research tries to find and come up with a new thinking in the management of Human-elephant conflicts for better and sustainable management of socio-ecological systems in Ikorongo-Grumeti Game Reserves, other protected areas within Tanzania and outside the country having similar problems. The project is funded by Singita Grumeti Fund (SGF) - 2017.
Discussion 1 by Sravya Patil Bagli (a) What is the purpose of.docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion 1 by Sravya Patil Bagli
(a) What is the purpose of what this study is trying to accomplish?
This article addresses underreporting of medication errors by the employees of Medcare hospital. The purpose of this study was to explore medication error reporting rate and determine reasons why Quality Management Department (QMD) was not receiving the reports. Also, the intent was to identify and correct the barriers and attitudes among staff that are preventing them from reporting the errors. Thereby, facilitating the issues that helps in improvement of patient safety and achieving better health care (Jacobson, 2015).
(b) What is the process(es) or activities involved in the response to a?
Medcare has selected nine members based on their involvement in the error reporting to form a team. They are involved in a model called FOCUS PDCA (PDCA = Plan, Do, Check, Act). Firstly, the team worked together to find out the causes for errors and clarify the error reporting process and later, the team interviewed the staff to know the reasons for underreporting. In the second step, the team developed solutions and ranked them to highlight the most effective ones. The highest-ranked were then incorporated into the action plan. The final step was to focus on improvement - everyone participated to continue the proposed solutions and checked the room for improvement. Since then, a drastic improvement has been evident in the error reporting of Medcare indicating that the study was successful.
(c) What is the purpose of measuring and reporting performance?
The purpose of measuring performance is to encourage individual productivity in the organization and to improve work efficiency. It helps to eliminate the unproductive employees and recognizes the strong performers and continue to motivate them. Also, it helps the organization understand how decision-making process led to success or failure in the past and how that understanding would help to make further improvements.
(d) What is the purpose of reporting quality measurement data?
The purpose of quality measurement is to examine the appropriateness of care and accuracy of the organization. It is generally known that quality is directly linked to improvement, it helps to discuss the link between measurement and improvement. Therefore, filling the gaps that compromised the ability of management to provide expected quality.
Discussion 2 by Israel Moore
1. What is the purpose of what this study is trying to accomplish?
The purpose of this study is to first acknowledge and bring awareness to the importance of reporting medical errors, as well as the importance of teamwork and developing a good solid strategy to overcome challenges.
a. What is the process(es) or activities involved in the response to a?
The process included a few steps. First it focused on the importance of error detecting. Next, Medcare developed a strategic project team that included department head members. This team then collect.
Myanmar known until recently as Burma, is slowly but steadily starting to attract foreign investment, driven mainly by international resource firms eager to tap into the mineral-rich South East Asia's country. After more than half a century of military ruling, Burma has started benefitting from the recent suspension of sanctions by Canada, the United States and the European Union. Myanmar's gold production is increasing and could prove a key factor for the country's economic growth, but many gold miners are suffering from lung diseases due to inadequate equipment and antiquated practices. In mineral-rich areas of Kachin State, taxes from Burmese and Chinese gold mining provides an important income stream to the Kachin Independence Organization. However, these mining companies use mercury in an environmentally hazardous extraction process, which can lead to long-lasting damage for the area's forests and river ways.
Approaches and Techniques for Managing Human-Elephant Conflicts in Western Se...Isaac Yohana Chamba
A research proposal for a Research project for completion of Master degree of Science in Ecosystems science and Management of Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) for academic years 2016-2018. The research tries to find and come up with a new thinking in the management of Human-elephant conflicts for better and sustainable management of socio-ecological systems in Ikorongo-Grumeti Game Reserves, other protected areas within Tanzania and outside the country having similar problems. The project is funded by Singita Grumeti Fund (SGF) - 2017.
Discussion 1 by Sravya Patil Bagli (a) What is the purpose of.docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion 1 by Sravya Patil Bagli
(a) What is the purpose of what this study is trying to accomplish?
This article addresses underreporting of medication errors by the employees of Medcare hospital. The purpose of this study was to explore medication error reporting rate and determine reasons why Quality Management Department (QMD) was not receiving the reports. Also, the intent was to identify and correct the barriers and attitudes among staff that are preventing them from reporting the errors. Thereby, facilitating the issues that helps in improvement of patient safety and achieving better health care (Jacobson, 2015).
(b) What is the process(es) or activities involved in the response to a?
Medcare has selected nine members based on their involvement in the error reporting to form a team. They are involved in a model called FOCUS PDCA (PDCA = Plan, Do, Check, Act). Firstly, the team worked together to find out the causes for errors and clarify the error reporting process and later, the team interviewed the staff to know the reasons for underreporting. In the second step, the team developed solutions and ranked them to highlight the most effective ones. The highest-ranked were then incorporated into the action plan. The final step was to focus on improvement - everyone participated to continue the proposed solutions and checked the room for improvement. Since then, a drastic improvement has been evident in the error reporting of Medcare indicating that the study was successful.
(c) What is the purpose of measuring and reporting performance?
The purpose of measuring performance is to encourage individual productivity in the organization and to improve work efficiency. It helps to eliminate the unproductive employees and recognizes the strong performers and continue to motivate them. Also, it helps the organization understand how decision-making process led to success or failure in the past and how that understanding would help to make further improvements.
(d) What is the purpose of reporting quality measurement data?
The purpose of quality measurement is to examine the appropriateness of care and accuracy of the organization. It is generally known that quality is directly linked to improvement, it helps to discuss the link between measurement and improvement. Therefore, filling the gaps that compromised the ability of management to provide expected quality.
Discussion 2 by Israel Moore
1. What is the purpose of what this study is trying to accomplish?
The purpose of this study is to first acknowledge and bring awareness to the importance of reporting medical errors, as well as the importance of teamwork and developing a good solid strategy to overcome challenges.
a. What is the process(es) or activities involved in the response to a?
The process included a few steps. First it focused on the importance of error detecting. Next, Medcare developed a strategic project team that included department head members. This team then collect.
“All good things are wild & free.”– Henry David Thoreau
-----FREE, not killed. Please #SaveTheElephants. Let's join hands in taking care of the environment, because it takes care of us.
“All good things are wild & free.”– Henry David Thoreau
-----FREE, not killed. Please #SaveTheElephants. Let's join hands in taking care of the environment, because it takes care of us.
A Designing Dairy Cattle Facilities Based on Statics/Dynamic Zoometry by Usin...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The dairy cattle productivity is very depending on the quality of their facilities and their
environment condition. A lot of researches have been done in this area, but it is not developing the
knowledge of animal dimensions and behaviours correlated with their facilities design. Complexities of
dynamics zoometry is very depending on cow behaviours that it forced to use neural network (NN)
approaching. Hence, the purposes of the paper is to create the concept of static and dynamic zoometry
approach to guide the ergonomics facilities design and the modern of dairy cattle house based on
zoometry data by using artificial neural network. The research is started with study literature of
anthropometry, CAD design, dairy cattle, facility design and neural network. The next step is collecting the
data of cow dimensions for static zoometry (17 variables) and cow behaviours for developing the concept
of dynamics zoometry (5 variables). The static data is used as input factor and dynamic data as desire of
Back Propagation NN model. The result of BPNN training is used to design the dairy cattle facilities, e.g.
3D CAD house with minimal length = 357.67 cm, minimal width = 132.03 cm (per tail) and minimal height =
205.28 cm. Finally, the paper is successfully developed the concept of zoometry approach and BPNN
model as pioneer of implementing comfort knowledge.
This ppt has been made by our intern Nidhi Goyal. Feel free to share and download the Green Yatra ppt. Our main objective has always been to leave the world better than we found it. You can also help us in our FREE services such as Go GREEN Kids, Plant a Tree- Plant a new life, Rehabilitation center, Medical camps, Zaroorat - A Need, Go GREEN Ganesha presentations, workshops, events in schools, colleges and residential societies, Medical camps, collecting daily usable things under the project Zaroorat – A Need.
PHVA Orangutan 2016
Orangutans occur on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo (see Figure 1.). These iconic Indonesian species are the only great apes living in Asia. Both Sumatran and Bornean orangutans are classified as Critically Endangered by IUCN (IUCN 2016) and are protected by Indonesian and Malaysian law. However, the development of forest resources, which assists Indonesia and Malaysia to achieve economic development, has resulted in the loss and degradation of forests over the last 25 years, threatening the habitat of orangutans. This threat, in concert with others, such as the pressure of increasing human population, forest fires, oil palm plantations, mining, poor enforcement of wildlife law, illegal hunting/trade, and inconsistent policies on the management and functions of forested areas, threatens the very existence of these species in the immediate future.
Wild populations of orangutans are in steady decline. This situation has long attracted attention from stakeholders, and in 1993 orangutan scientists and conservationists conducted the first Orangutan Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA), facilitated by the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (CBSG) of the IUCN SSC. These assessments were updated and expanded at a second PHVA held in 2004 that integrated estimates of human-based threats, such as current and projected land-use patterns and illegal removals, into viability projections. Computer models were used to evaluate current and future risks of population decline or extinction under current and alternative management scenarios.
The results of the 2004 PHVA have provided important input for government policies, such as the Conservation Strategy and Action Plan for Indonesian Orangutans 2007-2017, the Sabah Orangutan Action Plan 2012-2016 and the Orangutan Strategic Action Plan (OUSAP) for the Trans-boundary Biodiversity Conservation Area in Sarawak. In Indonesia, the official launch of the policy, in December 2007 by the President of the Republic of Indonesia in Nusa Dua, Bali, in a parallel workshop of the Conference of Parties (COP) XIII–United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), was a real political commitment by the government of the Republic of Indonesia to conserve orangutans. The policy, which was established by the Ministry of Forestry Regulation Number P.53 Menhut-IV/2007, also encourages coordination of orangutan conservation. Forum Orangutan Indonesia (FORINA), a central coordinating body for orangutan conservation established on 25 February 2009 with orangutan conservation communities, has regularly evaluated the implementation of the action plan, including in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2013. Meanwhile, WWF-Malaysia has become the key implementing partner of the Sabah Orangutan Action Plan 2012-2016, and WCS Malaysia has become the key implementing partner of the Sarawak Orangutan Strategic Action Plan (OUSAP) for the Trans-boundary Biodiversity Conservation Area.
In 2016, after more t
Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma) AAPP report in Burmese The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma), also known as AAPP,
is a non-profit human rights organization based in Mae Sot, Thailand. AAPP was founded in 2000
by former political prisoners living in exile on the Thai/Burma border.
Since then, the organization has been run by former political prisoners,
with two offices being opened inside Burma in 2012, one in Rangoon and the other in Mandalay.
AAPP advocates and lobbies for the release of remaining political prisoners and
for the improvement of the lives of political prisoners after their release.
The various assistance programs for political prisoners and their family members
are aimed at ensuring they have access to education, vocational trainings, mental
health counseling and healthcare.
Identity crisis ethnicity and conflict in myanmar crisis groupMYO AUNG Myanmar
REPORT 312 / ASIA 28 AUGUST 2020
Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar
Ethnicity and conflict are tightly linked in Myanmar, as communal groups take up arms to press grievances for which they have found no other recourse. The problem calls for dialogue and deep reform, but meanwhile authorities can take smaller steps to indicate their positive intent.
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/312-identity-crisis-ethnicity-and-conflict-myanmar?utm_source=Sign+Up+to+Crisis+Group%27s+Email+Updates&utm_campaign=1732944c02-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_01_28_08_41_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1dab8c11ea-1732944c02-359431769
Asia Foundation. Note that the data are from 2016, so this map does not represent the current situation on
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Similar to MYANMAR TIMBER ELEPHANTS & VOICES FOR MOMOS CAMPAIGN
“All good things are wild & free.”– Henry David Thoreau
-----FREE, not killed. Please #SaveTheElephants. Let's join hands in taking care of the environment, because it takes care of us.
“All good things are wild & free.”– Henry David Thoreau
-----FREE, not killed. Please #SaveTheElephants. Let's join hands in taking care of the environment, because it takes care of us.
A Designing Dairy Cattle Facilities Based on Statics/Dynamic Zoometry by Usin...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The dairy cattle productivity is very depending on the quality of their facilities and their
environment condition. A lot of researches have been done in this area, but it is not developing the
knowledge of animal dimensions and behaviours correlated with their facilities design. Complexities of
dynamics zoometry is very depending on cow behaviours that it forced to use neural network (NN)
approaching. Hence, the purposes of the paper is to create the concept of static and dynamic zoometry
approach to guide the ergonomics facilities design and the modern of dairy cattle house based on
zoometry data by using artificial neural network. The research is started with study literature of
anthropometry, CAD design, dairy cattle, facility design and neural network. The next step is collecting the
data of cow dimensions for static zoometry (17 variables) and cow behaviours for developing the concept
of dynamics zoometry (5 variables). The static data is used as input factor and dynamic data as desire of
Back Propagation NN model. The result of BPNN training is used to design the dairy cattle facilities, e.g.
3D CAD house with minimal length = 357.67 cm, minimal width = 132.03 cm (per tail) and minimal height =
205.28 cm. Finally, the paper is successfully developed the concept of zoometry approach and BPNN
model as pioneer of implementing comfort knowledge.
This ppt has been made by our intern Nidhi Goyal. Feel free to share and download the Green Yatra ppt. Our main objective has always been to leave the world better than we found it. You can also help us in our FREE services such as Go GREEN Kids, Plant a Tree- Plant a new life, Rehabilitation center, Medical camps, Zaroorat - A Need, Go GREEN Ganesha presentations, workshops, events in schools, colleges and residential societies, Medical camps, collecting daily usable things under the project Zaroorat – A Need.
PHVA Orangutan 2016
Orangutans occur on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo (see Figure 1.). These iconic Indonesian species are the only great apes living in Asia. Both Sumatran and Bornean orangutans are classified as Critically Endangered by IUCN (IUCN 2016) and are protected by Indonesian and Malaysian law. However, the development of forest resources, which assists Indonesia and Malaysia to achieve economic development, has resulted in the loss and degradation of forests over the last 25 years, threatening the habitat of orangutans. This threat, in concert with others, such as the pressure of increasing human population, forest fires, oil palm plantations, mining, poor enforcement of wildlife law, illegal hunting/trade, and inconsistent policies on the management and functions of forested areas, threatens the very existence of these species in the immediate future.
Wild populations of orangutans are in steady decline. This situation has long attracted attention from stakeholders, and in 1993 orangutan scientists and conservationists conducted the first Orangutan Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA), facilitated by the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (CBSG) of the IUCN SSC. These assessments were updated and expanded at a second PHVA held in 2004 that integrated estimates of human-based threats, such as current and projected land-use patterns and illegal removals, into viability projections. Computer models were used to evaluate current and future risks of population decline or extinction under current and alternative management scenarios.
The results of the 2004 PHVA have provided important input for government policies, such as the Conservation Strategy and Action Plan for Indonesian Orangutans 2007-2017, the Sabah Orangutan Action Plan 2012-2016 and the Orangutan Strategic Action Plan (OUSAP) for the Trans-boundary Biodiversity Conservation Area in Sarawak. In Indonesia, the official launch of the policy, in December 2007 by the President of the Republic of Indonesia in Nusa Dua, Bali, in a parallel workshop of the Conference of Parties (COP) XIII–United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), was a real political commitment by the government of the Republic of Indonesia to conserve orangutans. The policy, which was established by the Ministry of Forestry Regulation Number P.53 Menhut-IV/2007, also encourages coordination of orangutan conservation. Forum Orangutan Indonesia (FORINA), a central coordinating body for orangutan conservation established on 25 February 2009 with orangutan conservation communities, has regularly evaluated the implementation of the action plan, including in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2013. Meanwhile, WWF-Malaysia has become the key implementing partner of the Sabah Orangutan Action Plan 2012-2016, and WCS Malaysia has become the key implementing partner of the Sarawak Orangutan Strategic Action Plan (OUSAP) for the Trans-boundary Biodiversity Conservation Area.
In 2016, after more t
Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma) AAPP report in Burmese The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma), also known as AAPP,
is a non-profit human rights organization based in Mae Sot, Thailand. AAPP was founded in 2000
by former political prisoners living in exile on the Thai/Burma border.
Since then, the organization has been run by former political prisoners,
with two offices being opened inside Burma in 2012, one in Rangoon and the other in Mandalay.
AAPP advocates and lobbies for the release of remaining political prisoners and
for the improvement of the lives of political prisoners after their release.
The various assistance programs for political prisoners and their family members
are aimed at ensuring they have access to education, vocational trainings, mental
health counseling and healthcare.
Identity crisis ethnicity and conflict in myanmar crisis groupMYO AUNG Myanmar
REPORT 312 / ASIA 28 AUGUST 2020
Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar
Ethnicity and conflict are tightly linked in Myanmar, as communal groups take up arms to press grievances for which they have found no other recourse. The problem calls for dialogue and deep reform, but meanwhile authorities can take smaller steps to indicate their positive intent.
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/312-identity-crisis-ethnicity-and-conflict-myanmar?utm_source=Sign+Up+to+Crisis+Group%27s+Email+Updates&utm_campaign=1732944c02-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_01_28_08_41_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1dab8c11ea-1732944c02-359431769
Asia Foundation. Note that the data are from 2016, so this map does not represent the current situation on
CHINA IS PLAYING MYANMAR GROUND THE KYAUKPHYU SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE AND CHIN...MYO AUNG Myanmar
CHINA IS PLAYING MYANMAR GROUND THE KYAUKPHYU SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE AND CHINA STRATEGIC DEEP-SEA PORT PROJECT
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/chinas-strategic-port-project-moves-step-closer-reality-myanmar-oks-joint-venture.html
China’s Strategic Port Project Moves Step Closer to Reality as Myanmar OKs Joint Venture
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/construction-chinas-bri-deep-sea-port-start-soon-myanmars-rakhine-state-govt.html
Construction on China's BRI Deep Sea Port to Start Soon in Myanmar's Rakhine State: Govt
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/minister-rejects-fears-debt-trap-chinese-backed-port.html
Minister Rejects Fears of Debt Trap Over Chinese-Backed Port
https://www.irrawaddy.com/opinion/editorial/kyaukphyu-danger-slipping-hands.html
Is Kyaukphyu in Danger of Slipping Out of Our Hands?
http://www.thaibizmyanmar.com/th/news/detail.php?ID=2948
An industrial zone project within the Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Rakhine State will be developed for US$30 billion
4 มีนาคม 2563
https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/first-phase-of-kyaukphyu-deep-seaport-project-expected-to-cost-13-bln
First phase of Kyaukphyu Deep Seaport project expected to cost $ 1.3 bln
http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/18/c_138716099.htm
Xinhua Headlines: Kyaukpyu port to become model project in China-Myanmar BRI cooperation
Source: Xinhua| 2020-01-18 20:49:31|Editor: huaxia
http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/20/c_138720186.htm
Feature: How the development of Myanmar's Kyaukpyu port won the hearts of locals
Source: Xinhua| 2020-01-20 11:27:42|Editor: Wang Yamei
https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2020/02/17/china039s-citic-to-build-myanmar039s-huge-kyaukphyu-deep-seaport-first-phase-to-cost-us13-bln
China's CITIC to build Myanmar's huge Kyaukphyu Deep Seaport, first phase to cost US$1.3 bln
ASEANPLUS NEWS
Monday, 17 Feb 2020
1:35 PM MYT
https://splash247.com/china-inks-kyaukphyu-development-deal-with-myanmar/#:~:text=China%20has%20signed%20an%20agreement,visit%20to%20Myanmar%20last%20weekend.
China inks Kyaukphyu development deal with Myanmar
Jason Jiang Jason JiangJanuary 20, 2020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyaukphyu
https://asiatimes.com/2019/07/china-led-port-project-inches-ahead-in-myanmar/
AT FINANCE, MYANMAR
China-led port project inches ahead in Myanmar
CITIC-led consortium this month started legally required impact assessments but the controversial $1.3 billion mega-project is still far from a done deal
By THOMPSON CHAU
JULY 15, 2019
The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defendersMYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/environmental-activists/defending-tomorrow/
Report / July 29, 2020
DEFENDING TOMORROW
The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defenders
The climate crisis is arguably the greatest global and existential threat we face. As it escalates, it serves to exacerbate many of the other serious problems in our world today – from economic inequality to racial injustice and the spread of zoonotic diseases.
For years, land and environmental defenders have been the first line of defence against the causes and impacts of climate breakdown. Time after time, they have challenged those companies operating recklessly, rampaging unhampered through forests, skies, wetlands, oceans and biodiversity hotspots.
https://youtu.be/FM7X1tnT4Sc
Download the full report Defending Tomorrow: The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defenders (High resolution, 28.4MB, PDF)
Download the full report Defending Tomorrow: The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defenders (Low resolution, 6.6MB, PDF)
User Privacy or Cyber Sovereignty Freedom House Special Report 2020MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://freedomhouse.org/report/special-report/2020/user-privacy-or-cyber-sovereignty?utm_source=Newsletter&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=SPOTLIGHTFRDM_072720
Special Report 2020
User Privacy or Cyber Sovereignty?
Assessing the human rights implications of data localization
WRITTEN BY-Adrian Shahbaz-Allie Funk-Andrea Hackl
https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2020-07/FINAL_Data_Localization_human_rights_07232020.pdf
USER PRIVACY OR CYBER SOVEREIGNTY?
Assessing the human rights implications of data localization
Freedom of Expression Active and Seeking Justice from MyanmarMYO AUNG Myanmar
Freedom of Expression Active and seeking justice from MYANMAR
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/2020/07/16/seeking-justice-an-analysis-of-obstacles-and-opportunities-for-civil-society-groups-pursuing-accountability-for-human-rights-violations-in-domestic-courts-in-kachin-and-northern-shan-states/
SEEKING JUSTICE: AN ANALYSIS OF OBSTACLES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CIVIL SOCIETY GROUPS PURSUING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN DOMESTIC COURTS IN KACHIN AND NORTHERN SHAN STATES
Kachin Women’s Association – Thailand (KWAT) and Asia Justice and Rights (AJAR) are releasing a new report on access to justice in Burma, in which we identify strategies for local civil society groups, demand political and legal reforms, and call on donor agencies to better support assistance to victims of the most serious human rights violations.
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/EngA-Chance-to-Fix-in-Time.pdf
“A Chance to Fix in Time”
Analysis of Freedom of Expression in
Four Years Under the Current Government
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/2020/07/16/%e1%80%a1%e1%80%81%e1%80%bb%e1%80%ad%e1%80%94%e1%80%ba%e1%80%99%e1%80%ae%e1%80%95%e1%80%bc%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%86%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%81%e1%80%bd%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%b7-%e1%80%a1-2/
အချိန်မီပြင်ဆင်ခွင့် – အစိုးရသက်တမ်း ၄နှစ်အတွင်း လွတ်လပ်စွာထုတ်ဖော်ပြောဆိုခွင့်ကို ဆန်းစစ်ခြင်းအစီရင်ခံစာ
SHWE KOKKO BORDER KAYIN STATE PROJECT COLLECTIONMYO AUNG Myanmar
ALL ABOUT SHWE KOKKO PROJECT KAYIN STATE COLLECTIONS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shwe_Kokko Shwe Kokko https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/shwe-kokko-a-paradise-for-chinese-investment/ Shwe Kokko: A paradise for Chinese investment SEPTEMBER 5, 2019 http://karennews.org/2020/03/shwe-koko-big-winners-burma-army-and-international-crime-syndicates-at-expense-of-karen-people-knu-community-groups-want-it-stopped/ Shwe Koko: Big Winners – Burma Army and international Crime Syndicates at Expense of Karen People – KNU, Community Groups Want it Stopped Karen News Send an emailMarch 26, 2020 https://asiatimes.com/2019/03/a-chinatown-mysteriously-emerges-in-backwoods-myanmar/ A Chinatown mysteriously emerges in backwoods Myanmar Shwe Kokko, a remote town along Myanmar's Moei River, is the latest odd and bold outpost of China's Belt and Road Initiative By BERTIL LINTNER MARCH 1, 2019 https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/305-commerce-and-conflict-navigating-myanmars-china-relationship https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/305-commerce-and-conflict-myanmar-china%20(1)_0.pdf Commerce and Conflict: Navigating Myanmar’s China Relationship Asia Report N°305 | 30 March 2020 https://www.bnionline.net/en/news/chinas-thai-myanmar-border-investment-shwe-kokko-chinatown-mega-project CHINA’S THAI-MYANMAR BORDER INVESTMENT: Shwe Kokko Chinatown mega-project http://monnews.org/2020/03/28/gambling-away-our-land-kpsn-report-raises-questions-about-shwe-kokko-extension-project/ ‘Gambling Away Our Land’; KPSN report raises questions about Shwe Kokko Extension project https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=900Fzrn8DzY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Etlg2eYn7HM https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/the-mystery-man-behind-the-shwe-kokko-project/?f
Myanmar language version of the UN Charter.Yangon charter myanmarMYO AUNG Myanmar
Myanmar language version of the UN Charter.
Source: https://unic.un.org/aroundworld/unics/common/documents/publications/uncharter/yangon_charter_myanmar.pdf
https://unic.un.org/aroundworld/unics/common/documents/publications/uncharter/yangon_charter_myanmar.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3tttG9XprzHH4_yCQNOg8_u8g6z23fqYLqeCUvvIkHAqzTLKjSnB1OT3g
WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2020 BY UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELO...MYO AUNG Myanmar
WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2020
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT UNCTAD
ttps://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2396&utm_source=CIO+-+General+public&utm_campaign=5e26d15771-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_05_17_11_42_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3d334fa428-5e26d15771-70594621
Global foreign direct investment projected to plunge 40% in 202016 June 2020
COVID-19 causes steep drop in investment flows, hitting developing countries hardest. Recovery is not expected before 2022, says new UNCTAD report.
Myanmar Amber traps scientists in ethical dilemma over funding warMYO AUNG Myanmar
Myanmar is a major producer of amber, a fossilized tree resin. Amber is valued for jewelry, and also serves as a sort of time capsule that provides scientific clues to prehistoric life with fossilized inclusions such as insects, birds and dinosaur footprints.
Meanwhile, the main amber-mining areas in the country are located in an internal conflict zone where an ethnic minority is fighting against the national armed forces, and the amber also comes with problems of human rights violations and smuggling.
https://asia.nikkei.com/Location/Southeast-Asia/Myanmar-amber-traps-scientists-in-ethical-dilemma-over-funding-war
Myanmar amber traps scientists in ethical dilemma over funding war
Fossils like those in 'Jurassic Park' draw scrutiny as Kachin conflict drags on
https://www.facebook.com/MYOAUNGNAYPYIDAW/posts/2839212596177214
သယံဇာတစစ်ပွဲ
မြန်မာ့ပယင်းရဲ့ သိပ္ပံပညာရှင်တွေကို စွဲဆောင်နိုင်မှုက ကျင့်ဝတ်ဆိုင်ရာ အကျပ်ရိုက်မှုဖြစ်စေပြီး စစ်ပွဲတွေအတွက် ငွေကြေးထောက်ပံ့ရာလမ်းကြောင်းဖြစ်နေ
SITUATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS OVERVIEW IN BURMA (JANUARY – APRIL 2020)MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/2020/04/21/situational-human-rights-overview-in-burma-january-april-2020/
SITUATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS OVERVIEW IN BURMA (JANUARY – APRIL 2020)
2019 country reports on human rights practices burma united state of america ...MYO AUNG Myanmar
Myanmar Aung
21 mins ·
https://burmese.voanews.com/a/us-state-depart…/5325155.html…
ကမ္ဘာလုံးဆိုင်ရာ ကန်အစီရင်ခံစာထဲက မြန်မာလူ့အခွင့်အရေး အခြေအနေ
https://www.state.gov/…/…/BURMA-2019-HUMAN-RIGHTS-REPORT.pdf
https://www.state.gov/…/2019-country-reports-on-human-righ…/
2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
The annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – the Human Rights Reports – cover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international agreements. The U.S. Department of State submits reports on all countries receiving assistance and all United Nations member states to the U.S. Congress in accordance with the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Trade Act of 1974.
MARCH 11, 2020
https://www.state.gov/assistant-secretary-for-democracy-hu…/
Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor Robert A. Destro On the Release of the 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
SPECIAL BRIEFING
ROBERT A. DESTRO, ASSISTANT SECRETARY
BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR
PRESS BRIEFING ROOM
WASHINGTON, D.C.
MARCH 11, 2020
Executive Summary of Independent Commission of Enquiry "ICOE" Final Report En...MYO AUNG Myanmar
Executive Summary Of Independent Commission of Enquiry-ICOE' Final Report ENGLISH-BURMESE
https://www.facebook.com/myanmarpresidentoffice.gov.mm/posts/2632138836833836
ENGLISH VERSION
Independent Commission of Enquiry (ICOE)
https://www.icoe-myanmar.org/
Executive Summary Of Independent Commission of Enquiry-ICOE' Final Report
https://www.facebook.com/myanmarpresidentoffice.gov.mm/posts/2632129370168116
BURMESE VERSION
လွတ်လပ်သောစုံစမ်းစစ်ဆေးရေးကော်မရှင် (Independent Commission of Enquiry-ICOE) ၏ အပြီးသတ်အစီရင်ခံစာ အကျဉ်းချုပ်\
2019 ANNI Report on the Performance and Establishment of National Human Right...MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.forum-asia.org/?p=29979&nhri=1
2019 ANNI Report on the Performance and Establishment of National Human Rights Institutions in Asia
7 October 2019 2:36 pm
https://www.forum-asia.org/uploads/wp/2019/10/3.0-Online-ANNI-Report-2019.pdf
https://www.forum-asia.org/?p=29931
Myanmar: Promote press freedom, and end reprisals against Development Media Group
3 October 2019 3:58 pm
https://www.forum-asia.org/uploads/wp/2019/10/Press-release-Myanmar-DMG.pdf
ALL ABOUT INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ) AND MYANMARMYO AUNG Myanmar
ALL ABOUT INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ) AND MYANMAR
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). It was established in June 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations and began work in April 1946.
The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands). Of the six principal organs of the United Nations, it is the only one not located in New York (United States of America).
The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.
The Court is composed of 15 judges, who are elected for terms of office of nine years by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. It is assisted by a Registry, its administrative organ. Its official languages are English and French.
https://www.icj-cij.org/en/court
https://www.icj-cij.org/en-basic-toolkit
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE ICJ
Information Department
information@icj-cij.org
https://opiniojuris.org/2019/11/13/the-gambia-v-myanmar-at-the-international-court-of-justice-points-of-interest-in-the-application/
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/cases-brought-myanmar-deliver-justice-rohingya-191117174800430.html
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/14/war-crimes-judges-approve-investigation-violence-against-rohingya-icc-myammar
https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-situation-of-the-rohingya-is-there-a-role-for-the-international-court-of-justice/
https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/gambia-files-lawsuit-against-myanmar-international-court-justice
STIMSON INNOVATIVE IDEAS CHANGING THE WORLD AND CHINA-MEKONG RIVER AND MYANMARMYO AUNG Myanmar
STIMSON INNOVATIVE IDEAS CHANGING THE WORLD AND CHINA-MEKONG RIVER AND MYANMAR
The Stimson Center is a nonpartisan policy research center working to protect people, preserve the planet, and promote security & prosperity. Stimson’s award-winning research serves as a roadmap to address borderless threats through concerted action. Our formula is simple: we gather the brightest people to think beyond soundbites, create solutions, and make those solutions a reality. We follow the credo of one of history’s leading statesmen, Henry L. Stimson, in taking “pragmatic steps toward ideal objectives.” We are practical in our approach and independent in our analysis. Our innovative ideas change the world.
https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/Cronin-China%20Supply%20Chain%20Shift.pdf
https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/SC_EnergyPublication.FINAL_.pdf
https://www.stimson.org/content/powering-mekong-basin-connect
https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/WEB-FEB_Cambodia%20Report.pdf
https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/slower-smaller-cheaper-the-reality-of-the-china-myanmar-economic-corridor
Slower, smaller, cheaper: the reality of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor
https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/peace-through-development-chinas-experiment-in-myanmar
Peace through development: China’s experiment in Myanmar
https://asia.nikkei.com/Opinion/China-walks-political-tightrope-in-Myanmar
China walks political tightrope in Myanmar
Beijing should leverage its influence with military
https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/why-china-is-sceptical-about-the-peace-process
Why China is sceptical about the peace process
https://www.stimson.org/content/%E2%80%98loose-end%E2%80%99-peace-process
The ‘loose end’ of the peace process
The Stimson Center
communications@stimson.org
THE ASSIATANCE ASSOCIATION FOR POLITICAL PRISONERS (BURMA)MYO AUNG Myanmar
The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma),
https://aappb.org/background/about-aapp/
The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma), otherwise known as AAPP, is a human rights organization based in Mae Sot, Thailand and Rangoon, Burma. AAPP advocates for the release of all remaining political prisoners in Burma and for the improvement of their quality of life during and after incarceration. AAPP has developed rehabilitation and assistance programs for those political activists who have been released while continuing to document the ongoing imprisonment of political activists in Burma.
As long as political prisoners exist inside Burma, Burma will not be free. They represent the struggle for democracy, human rights, equality and freedom for the people of Burma. This makes the immediate and unconditional release of all political prisoners an integral part of Burma’s drive for national reconciliation.
THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER A GUIDE FOR FIRST NATIONS COMUNITIES AND ADVOCATES MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/water1019_brochure_web.pdf
THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER A GUIDE FOR FIRST NATIONS COMUNITIES AND ADVOCATES
https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/canada0616web.pdf
Make it Safe
Canada’s Obligation to End the First Nations Water Crisis
https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/canada0616_brochure_web.pdf
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Natural Resource Governance Reform and the Peace Process in MyanmarMYO AUNG Myanmar
NATURAL RESOURCE GOVERNANCE REFORM AND THE PEACE PROCESS IN MYANMAR
KEVIN M. WOODS
https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/natural-resource-governance-reform-and-the-peace-process-in-myanmar/
FORESTS OCT 18, 2019
Natural Resource Governance Reform and the Peace Process in Myanmar
By Kevin M. Woods
https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/executive-summary-of-natural-resource-governance-and-the-peace-process-in-myanmar/
https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Forest-Trends_NRG_Peace_Myanmar_Final_ES.pdf
https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/forest-trends-comments-on-myanmar-draft-forest-rules-2019-regarding-land-rights/
Forest Trends Comments on Myanmar Draft Forest Rules (2019) Regarding Land Rights
https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Forest-Rules-Brief-2019-FINAL-Letter.pdf
https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Forest_Rules_Brief_2019_FINAL_A4_BURMESE-FINAL.pdf
https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/what-is-in-myanmars-first-eiti-forestry-reports/
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
Obesity causes and management and associated medical conditions
MYANMAR TIMBER ELEPHANTS & VOICES FOR MOMOS CAMPAIGN
1. 11/3/2017 Elephant Conservation: “Voices For MoMos” Campaign From 2017 November To 2018 April | Myanmar International TV
http://www.myanmarinternationaltv.com/news/elephant-conservation-%E2%80%9Cvoices-momos%E2%80%9D-campaign-2017-november-2018-april 1/3
SUBSCRIBE PRIVACY
ELEPHANT CONSERVATION: “VOICES FOR MOMOS” CAMPAIGN
FROM 2017 NOVEMBER TO 2018 APRIL
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2. 11/3/2017 Elephant Conservation: “Voices For MoMos” Campaign From 2017 November To 2018 April | Myanmar International TV
http://www.myanmarinternationaltv.com/news/elephant-conservation-%E2%80%9Cvoices-momos%E2%80%9D-campaign-2017-november-2018-april 2/3
“Voices for MoMos” campaign will be carried out for six months as of November to April. It aims to
reduce the illegal wildlife trading and protect the wild elephants from killing.
The campaign will be carried out by 6 non-governmental organizations working on wildlife
conservation and forest department under Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation.
The campaign is the first step of the strategies implementing to eliminate the illegal sale of wild
elephant products, Partnership Director of WWF-Myanmar said.
Partnership Director, WWF-Myanmar, May Moe Wah said “The 1st step … 6-month campaign will
focus on public awareness. The 2nd step will be giving development training to those working on
ground. After the steps, we will form task forces to reduce the illegal sale of wild elephant. Forest
Department officials will join with us in all.”
It’s estimated that there are 1400 to 2000 wild elephants in Myanmar and the population is on the
decrease. 30 wild elephants were killed in the period of from January to August 2017. Experts
predict that Myanmar’s wild elephants could be wiped out by 2013 to 2035. Department of Forest
has been working for the protection of wild elephants from illegal killing by hunters. But lack of
human resources is the main challenge, Manager of the department said.
Manager, Department of Forest, Dr. Zaw Min Oo said “We cannot cover the whole forest areas in
order to protect elephants from illegal killing as we do not have enough human resources.
Nowadays, hunters use poisoned arrows to kill elephants which leave them dead after 3 days. In
such case, we can’t save them. We can only search for hunters and take actions. So, I think we
have to work to help the hunters work in other kinds of jobs and educate them to save the
elephants.”
In Myanmar, Ayeyarwaddy and Bago regions and Rakhine State have a dense elephant
population, according to officials.
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7. 11/3/2017 Asian Elephant | Species | WWF
https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/asian-elephant 2/10
Weight
around 11,000 pounds
Length
around 21 feet
Habitats
Forests
Elephants are an important cultural icon in Asia. According to Hindu mythology, the gods (deva) and the demons (asura) churned the oceans in a search for the
elixir of life so that they would become immortal. As they did so, nine jewels surfaced, one of which was the elephant. In Hinduism, the powerful deity honored
before all sacred rituals is the elephant-headed Lord Ganesha, who is also called the Remover of Obstacles.
Asian elephants are extremely sociable, forming groups of six to seven related females that are led by the oldest female, the matriarch. Like African elephants,
these groups occasionally join others to form herds, although these associations are relatively transient.
More than two thirds of an elephant’s day may be spent feeding on grasses, but large amounts of tree bark, roots, leaves and small stems are also eaten.
Cultivated crops such as bananas, rice and sugarcane are favorite foods. Elephants are always close to a source of fresh water because they need to drink at least
once a day.
Places
Eastern Himalayas, Greater Mekong
Habitats
Forest Habitat
The right to roam: elephant encounters at a wildlife corridor
Wildlife roam large areas and do not recognize human-imposed boundaries. They need help doing things like crossing busy roads. This incredible elephant
encounter emphasized how important movement corridors are for wildlife.
Asian Elephant
Adopt an Elephant
9. 11/3/2017 Asian Elephant | Species | WWF
https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/asian-elephant 4/10
3. CR
Critically Endangered
Facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the Wild
4. EN
Endangered
Facing a high risk of extinction in the Wild
5. VU
Vulnerable
Facing a high risk of extinction in the Wild
6. NT
Near Threatened
Likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future
7. LC
Least Concern
Does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Near Threatened
Asian Elephant
Adopt an Elephant
11. 11/3/2017 Asian Elephant | Species | WWF
https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/asian-elephant 6/10
Even where suitable habitat exists, poaching remains a threat to elephants in many areas. In 1989, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) banned the international trade in ivory. However, there are still some thriving but unregulated domestic ivory markets in a number of
countries which fuel an illegal international trade. Although most of this ivory comes from poaching of African elephants, Asian elephants are also illegally hunted for
their ivory, as well as for their skin. In some countries, political unrest is disrupting antipoaching activities.
Genetic Threat
Conservationists are concerned that a loss of male big tuskers due to poaching could lead to inbreeding and eventually to high juvenile mortality and overall low
breeding success. The loss of tuskers also reduces the probability that these longer-living lone males will mate and exchange genes with females of different sub-
populations.
Capture of Wild Elephants
The capture of wild elephants for domestic use has become a threat to some wild populations, seriously reducing some numbers. India, Vietnam and Myanmar
have banned capture in order to conserve their wild herds, but in Myanmar elephants are still caught each year for the timber and tourist industries or illegal wildlife
trade. Crude capture methods often result in elephant deaths. Efforts are being made not only to improve safety, but also to encourage captive breeding rather than
taking from the wild. With nearly 30 percent of the remaining Asian elephants in captivity, attention needs to be paid to improve care and targeted breeding
programs.
What WWF Is Doing
Asian Elephant
Adopt an Elephant
13. 11/3/2017 Asian Elephant | Species | WWF
https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/asian-elephant 8/10
An elephant flying squad in Sumatra
WWF supports human-elephant conflict mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and awareness-building among local communities in two elephant habitats in the
Eastern Himalayas, the North Bank Landscape and the Kaziranga Karbi-Anglong Landscape, and in the Nilgiris Eastern Ghats Landscape in South India. In
Cambodia, WWF trains, equips, and supports local staff to patrol protected areas and assess elephant distribution and numbers. Similar approaches are underway
in other landscapes.
In Vietnam, WWF supports an average of 20 forest guards that have been deployed by Vietnamese government authorities. WWF has been supporting these
teams with equipment and allowances so that they can better execute their duties and spend more time out on patrol.
In Sumatra, WWF coordinates Elephant Flying Squads. When wild elephants are seen close to villages or farms, local people can call an Elephant Flying Squad,
which is made up of trained elephants that scare off the wild elephants. The squads help bring short-term relief to the intense conflict between people and elephants
and create support for elephant conservation among struggling communities.
Protecting Elephant Habitat
In the Terai Arc Landscape, which encompasses parts of western Nepal and eastern India, WWF and its partners restore degraded biological corridors so that
elephants can access their migratory routes without disturbing human habitations. The long-term goal is to reconnect 12 protected areas and encourage
community-based action to mitigate human-elephant conflict. Such approaches are being facilitated by WWF across the range of the Indian elephant.
Securing Healthy Forests
A major breakthrough was achieved in Sumatra with the 2004 declaration of Tesso Nilo National Park, a protected area, which represents a significant step towards
the protection of the elephant's habitat. The Tesso Nilo forest is one of the last forest blocks large enough to support a viable population of critically endangered
Sumatran elephants and is also home to the critically endangered Sumatran tiger.
WWF calls on the government of Indonesia, palm oil companies, members of the pulp and paper industry and conservation organizations, to work together to
conserve Sumatran elephants, and their unique habitat. Because Sumatra’s trees are rooted in carbon-rich deep peat soil, the high rate of deforestation is also
causing high amounts of carbon to be released into the atmosphere, which contributes to climate change.
Projects
Asian Elephant
Adopt an Elephant
14. 11/3/2017 Asian Elephant | Species | WWF
https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/asian-elephant 9/10
Thirty Hills
WWF and partners secure protection for critical rain forest in Sumatra. Thirty Hills is one of the last places on Earth where elephants, tigers and orangutans
coexist in the wild.
Publications
Ranger Perception: Asia
Asian Elephant: WWF Wildlife and Climate Change Series
Experts
Asian Elephant
Adopt an Elephant
15. 11/3/2017 Asian Elephant | Species | WWF
https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/asian-elephant 10/10
Related Species
Get the latest conservation news with WWF email.
Email: Email Address
Already have a WWF account?
World Wildlife Fund
1250 24th Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20037
Asian Elephant
Adopt an Elephant
16. 11/3/2017 Burma’s Last Timber Elephants | | Al Jazeera
http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2013/10/burmas-last-timber-elephants-20131022121426928192.html 1/29
Home Episodes 101 East Awards About Us
Burma’s Last Timber Elephants
Myanmar's timber elephants and their handlers have survived wars and dictatorships, but will they
survive democracy?
101 East 25 Oct 2013 06:41 GMT
News Middle East Documentaries Shows Investigations Opinion
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Live
Live
17. 11/3/2017 Burma’s Last Timber Elephants | | Al Jazeera
http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2013/10/burmas-last-timber-elephants-20131022121426928192.html 2/29
Each morning at the break of dawn, Zaw Win and his team herd their elephants
across the sweeping forest floor down to the river bank. They scrub and clean the
mighty mammals before harnessing them to begin their day's work. Zaw Win, a third-
generation oozie [Burmese for elephant handler] keeps a close eye on his animals
which are his livelihood.
News Middle East Documentaries Shows Investigations Opinion
More
Live
Live
18. 11/3/2017 Burma’s Last Timber Elephants | | Al Jazeera
http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2013/10/burmas-last-timber-elephants-20131022121426928192.html 3/29
Decades of military dictatorship has meant many aspects of Myanmar are frozen in
time. One of those traditions dates back thousands of years - the timber elephant.
Myanmar has around 5,000 elephants living in captivity - more than any other Asian
country. More than half of them belong to a single government logging agency, the
Myanma Timber Enterprise (MTE). Elephants are chosen over machines because
they do the least damage to the forest.
These elephants have survived ancient wars, colonialism and World War II while hard
woods extracted by elephants in Myanmar once fed the British naval fleet. Yet today,
Myanmar's timber elephant is under threat.
Once the richest reservoir for biodiversity in Asia, Myanmar's forest cover is steadily
depleting and the government blames it on illegal loggers.
Now, the forest policy is being overhauled.
The Ministry for Environmental Conservation and Forestry has pledged to reduce its
logging by more than 80,000 tonnes this fiscal year. Myanmar will ban raw teak and
timber exports by April 1, 2014, allowing only export of high-end finished timber
products.
MTE says that the private elephant owners contracted by the government will be the
first on the chopping block. Saw Moo, a second generation private elephant owner,
sees a bleak future for his stable of 20 elephants. He fears the family business will
end in his hands and he may have to sell his elephants, leaving them vulnerable to
exploitation and abuse.
News Middle East Documentaries Shows Investigations Opinion
More
Live
Live
19. 11/3/2017 Burma’s Last Timber Elephants | | Al Jazeera
http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2013/10/burmas-last-timber-elephants-20131022121426928192.html 4/29
Oozies
control the
three-ton
giants
using their
feet, vocal
commands
and
sometimes
101 East follows the oozies deep into Myanmar's forests, gaining unprecedented
access to remote elephant logging camps and witnessing the extraordinary
communication between elephants and men as they work.
But will the elephants and their handlers, who have survived kingdoms and military
dictatorships, survive democracy and the open market? Is there a place for them in a
changing modern world?
101 East asks if this could be the end of Burma's mighty timber elephants.
What are the solutions for out-of-work timber elephants? Share your thoughts
with us @AJ101East #TimberElephants
Myanmar's logging elephants
By Nirmal Ghosh
"Bring jungle boots, raincoat and drugs," the email said.
It was from a veterinarian in Yangon, Myanmar's capital, who was taking us for a
journey deep into the country's forests. But it could have been written a hundred
years ago, in a cable perhaps, to a young British colonial officer about to sail from
England to Burma to make a living in the timber business.
The trek into the Arakan Yoma to see the timber elephants working at the extraction
site took us almost two days. Mile upon mile of green rice fields and flooded plains,
and jungles of fern and giant bamboo under lowering monsoon skies, formed a
constant backdrop.
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a stick
[Tiffany
Ang]
Cameraman Mark Dobbin, producer Tiffany Ang, and I walked on high ridges in
baking sun, then got drenched to the bone in bucketing rain. We waded across rivers
and slept exhausted in damp clothes in bamboo huts to the sound of frogs and
cicadas. Mark had to wait a few minutes each morning for the humidity to clear from
his camera lenses.
Today, Myanmar is in a hurry to catch up with the rest of the world. It is reforming its
timber business, signing on to international sustainability agreements, and trying to
curb rampant deforestation. One key measure is to dramatically reduce timber
extraction, so export of logs will be banned from April 2014.
Neighbouring countries have already been down that road. It saves forests, but it also
has left thousands of elephants ''unemployed'' - and that is a problem.
Across South and Southeast Asia, elephant populations have been deeply damaged.
They have been used in wars, employed for begging and shipped to circuses.
Experience from Thailand and India shows that left in private hands, elephants are
often bought, sold or rented, and then exploited and abused. Meanwhile, the tradition
of the elephant handlers, and their compassionate, symbiotic relationship with
elephants, is fading.
The profession is normally handed down from father to son, but there are more
opportunities now in modern Myanmar. And with logging reduced, there may be less
livelihood options for the children of oozies like Zaw Win, who we follow in the film.
The oozies' way of life is simple and basic. But it is also very hard. Zaw Win, a father
of two, gets a salary of just $103 a month. He is among those who want a different
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21. 11/3/2017 Burma’s Last Timber Elephants | | Al Jazeera
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future for their children and insists that his son stays in school so he is not limited to
being an elephant handler for the rest of his life.
Oozies live largely off the forest, and in the monsoon extraction season they are apart
from their families for up to six months. Health care is non-existent in the extraction
camps.
I came away from the film project with mixed feelings about logging by elephants. It is
tough and arduous work and the elephants are in chains and harnesses. Yet
Myanmar's timber elephants are acknowledged as among the best cared for
elephants in captivity. They work under strict guidelines for only a few hours a day
and browse natural fodder from the forest. They are monitored by vets who, with few
resources, spend days on the road and in camps in tough conditions.
We met some extraordinary characters, including the sure-footed, steady and tolerant
elephants and the private elephant owner Saw Moo in Pathein who fears the family
business will end in his lifetime.
As we trekked back down to the road after days in the jungle, with mist rising from the
folds of the Arakan mountains behind us, we were conscious that Myanmar's
elephants face an uncertain future. Under Myanmar's sustainable logging policies, the
extraction camp we visited will be abandoned after this season for 30 years before
the loggers and the elephants return.
But this time they may never come back. And as for the next generation of oozies, in
some cases there may not be one.
Back in the hotel in the city of Yangon it took a while to adjust to a comfortable bed
and clean white sheets. And I now understood what one of the vets, Dr Myo Nay Zar,
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meant when he told us that whenever he returns to Yangon from the field, he misses
the sounds of the jungle at night.
In Pictures:
101 East airs each week at the following times GMT: Thursday: 2230; Friday: 0930;
Saturday: 0330; Sunday: 1630.
Watch more 101 East
Source: Al Jazeera
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26. 11/3/2017 Campaign Targets Myanmar Elephant Poaching
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/campaign-targets-myanmar-elephant-poaching.html 2/7
By ZUE ZUE 2 November 2017
YANGON — A six-month campaign raising awareness of elephant poaching and wildlife
smuggling will launch on Nov. 4 in response to an alarming rate of elephant poaching in
Myanmar—one per week since January.
Myanmar’s elephants face extinction if poaching continues at such a rate, said Christy
Williams, country director of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), at a press conference on
the campaign on Wednesday.
A wild elephant killed by elephant poachers in a village in Ngapudaw Township, Irrawaddy Region in August, 2017. / Salai Thant Zin / The Irrawaddy
27. 11/3/2017 Campaign Targets Myanmar Elephant Poaching
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/campaign-targets-myanmar-elephant-poaching.html 3/7
The “Voice for MoMos” countrywide campaign will focus mostly in areas close to
elephant habitats, and along the routes used to smuggle elephant parts.
Six international wildlife conservation agencies will run the campaign—WWF; Wildlife
Conservation Society (WCS); Fauna and Floral International (FFI); Biodiversity and
Nature Conservation Association (BANCA); Friends of Wildlife (FoW); and Grow Back for
Posterity (GBP)— in cooperation with Myanmar Timber Enterprise and Forestry
Department under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation.
The number of elephants poached for their hide has increased over the past years,
according to the campaign, although the illegal trade for elephant hide has existed in
the country for a long time.
The natural resources and conservation ministry reported that 18 wild elephants were
poached in Myanmar in 2016 whereas about 30 elephants have been hunted as of
Aug. 31 this year—more than one elephant per week.
“The habitat of wild elephants has been increasingly narrowed. Previously, elephants
were hunted for their tusks only.
“But now, they are killed for their hide and meat as well. So, the situation is getting
worse,” said Dr. Zaw Min Oo, an elephant vet from the Forestry Department.
The elephant population of the country is now estimated to be between 1,400 and
2,000—a significant decrease from about 10,000 in the 1940s, according to the
Forestry Department.
“In the past, elephants were only poached for their tusks. And not every male elephant
of Asian species has tusks. So the number of elephants poached was low. But now,
28. 11/3/2017 Campaign Targets Myanmar Elephant Poaching
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/campaign-targets-myanmar-elephant-poaching.html 4/7
elephant hide is high in demand, and not just male elephants but also female elephants
and calves are targeted now. So, the population of Myanmar’s wild elephants has
declined rapidly,” said Christy Williams.
In Myanmar, elephants are hunted with poisoned arrows used along with bows or
hunting rifles or percussion firearms used along with poisoned metal balls, according to
the WWF. Elephant parts are smuggled into China, Thailand and the Golden Triangle
Region.
Translated from Burmese by Thet Ko Ko.
Topics: Conservation, Environment, Illegal Wildlife Trade
Zue Zue
The Irrawaddy
Zue Zue is Reporter at the Burmese edition of The Irrawaddy.
Burma
DASSK Visits Northern Rakhine in
Unprecedented Trip
29. 11/3/2017 Demand for elephant skin, trunk and penis drives rapid rise in poaching in Myanmar | Environment | The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/07/demand-elephant-products-drives-dramatic-rise-poaching-myanmar 1/9
30. 11/3/2017 Demand for elephant skin, trunk and penis drives rapid rise in poaching in Myanmar | Environment | The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/07/demand-elephant-products-drives-dramatic-rise-poaching-myanmar 2/9
Supported by
About this content
Axel Kronholm in Okekan
Demand for elephant skin, trunk and penis drives
rapid rise in poaching in Myanmar
A growth in demand for elephant parts to be used in traditional medicine in Asia means the number of elephants
being killed in Myanmar is rising
Wednesday 7 June 2017 07.21 BST
C
ase files and laminated photos of poachers spill out of captain Than Naing’s folder. As the chief of
police in Okekan township, one of Myanmar’s recent poaching hotspots, he is trying to track down
the men who have killed at least three elephants in the area over the past year. So far, he has
arrested 11 people suspected of having assisted the poachers. Meanwhile the poachers themselves
remain at large.
“These are the two men who we believe killed one of the elephants,” he says, pointing to two photos.
“They are still on the run.”
Reported cases of killed elephants in Myanmar have increased dramatically since 2010, with a total of
112 wild elephant deaths, most of them in the past few years. In 2015 alone, 36 wild elephants were
killed, according to official figures from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation and the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS). The figures for 2016 are feared to be even
worse.
31. 11/3/2017 Demand for elephant skin, trunk and penis drives rapid rise in poaching in Myanmar | Environment | The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/07/demand-elephant-products-drives-dramatic-rise-poaching-myanmar 3/9
Neighbouring China is the main destination for elephant products. Despite the ivory ban imposed by
the Chinese government earlier this year, ivory is still the most valuable part of the elephant. But
worryingly conservationists are now seeing a growing demand for other parts of the animal; trunks,
feet, even the penis, to be used in traditional medicine. The hide or skin, which is believed to be a
remedy for eczema, is particularly in demand.
Most elephants are killed in Pathein and Ngapudaw townships in Irrawaddy division – which is a major
habitat for wild elephants – but recent killings have also been reported on both sides of the Bago
mountain range in central Myanmar, as well as in Mandalay division.
In November, villagers in Okekan township discovered an elephant that had been skinned and
mutilated, and alerted the authorities.
“It was found on the outskirts of Chaung Sauk village, drifting in a creek,” says Kyaw Hlaing Win, the
village tract administrator, who believes there are a lot more elephants killed than what is reported.
“We’ve had at least nine or 10 elephants killed in the past few years here.”
The hunters shoot elephants with arrows dipped in poison, and then follow the animal around as it
meets its slow and agonising death, before skinning it and hacking off the saleable parts.
The poachers operate in small gangs, often persuading local villagers to work as their guides or helpers.
“Many gangs are coming from central Myanmar. Some include people from the ethnic Chin minority;
they are good hunters,” says Saw Htoo Tha Po, senior technical coordinator at WCS . “They will make
contact with the local villagers who know where the elephants roam, and either hire or pressure the
villagers to work together with them.”
So far this year, at least 20 elephant corpses have been found stripped of their skin, the World Wildlife
Fund told AFP.
32. 11/3/2017 Demand for elephant skin, trunk and penis drives rapid rise in poaching in Myanmar | Environment | The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/07/demand-elephant-products-drives-dramatic-rise-poaching-myanmar 4/9
“Previously they would be hunted for their tusks, but as the male elephant population decreases the
poachers will now kill any elephant they can find and sell other parts: the skin, the trunk, the feet or the
penis, all of which is in demand in the Chinese market,” says Saw Htoo Tha Po. “The meat under the
foot is supposed to be especially tasty, and the other products are consumed for their perceived
medicinal qualities.”
There is little data on Myanmar’s wildlife trade, and no reliable figures on how much poachers are paid.
But a visit to the tourist-oriented Bogyoke Market in Yangon, Myanmar’s largest city, gives a hint of how
lucrative the trade can be. While many vendors display fake ivory bracelets, a couple of shops off the
main market lane offer real ivory trinkets and jewellery, as well as elephant teeth. One vendor sold
elephant teeth for between US$140 and $250 per tooth, depending on the size. No doubt an inflated
A traditional medicine shop selling elephant parts among the stalls
surrounding Myanmar’s Golden Rock pagoda. Slices of elephant skin are
sold for a few dollars per square inch. Photograph: Romeo
Gacad/AFP/Getty Images
33. 11/3/2017 Demand for elephant skin, trunk and penis drives rapid rise in poaching in Myanmar | Environment | The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/07/demand-elephant-products-drives-dramatic-rise-poaching-myanmar 5/9
figure pre-haggle given to a perusing tourist, but nevertheless an indicator of the potentially large
market value.
Research from the University of Yangon shows that even at wholesale prices, an ivory bangle can sell for
more than $100, while a necklace of beads can cost up to $150. In local markets for medicinal use,
elephant skin retails for 150,000 kyat (about $120) per kg, and teeth sell for about 200,000 kyat/kg.
The route to China
In an attempt to tackle the rise in poaching, the forestry department alongside the WCS has developed
the Myanmar Elephant Conservation Action Plan (Mecap), which outlines 10-year priorities to protect
elephants, including finding meaningful work for elephants that were previously employed in the
timber industry. Legal reforms are also intended to bring Myanmar’s laws in line with international
commitments like the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (Cites).
However, the legislative process can be grindingly slow in Myanmar, and conservationists worry
poaching is spiralling out of control.
“The forestry department can only efficiently patrol the protected areas, but most of the poaching is
done outside of those areas,” says Saw Htoo Tha Po at WCS. “In these areas there is just not enough
resources. They have a forest ranger and some office staff, but they alone cannot face off the poachers.
They need more people and also reliable police to help them.”
Once an elephant is killed and has had its valuable parts cut off, the poachers will pass the products to
the first in a series of brokers, who will take one of several routes to cross Myanmar’s long border with
China and Thailand.
The main trafficking route for wildlife trade goes from Mandalay through Lashio and across into China
from Muse. Further south, there are at least four border crossings into Thailand used by wildlife
smugglers.
34. 11/3/2017 Demand for elephant skin, trunk and penis drives rapid rise in poaching in Myanmar | Environment | The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/07/demand-elephant-products-drives-dramatic-rise-poaching-myanmar 6/9
“There are many crossings with little enforcement,” says Dr Alex Diment, technical adviser to the
wildlife trafficking team at WCS. “Even the Yangon and Mandalay international airports are easy targets
for people taking small pieces of ivory to China.”
Wildlife products destined for the Chinese market are also smuggled to the border town of Mong La
where everything from elephant tusks to pangolin scales is for sale. Investigations by wildlife trade
monitoring network Traffic, the World Wildlife Fund and Oxford Brookes University have found
evidence that rhinoceros horns are being openly sold in Mong La.“There is a strong likelihood that rhino
horn and other wildlife products are coming across by land from India, through Myanmar, on their way
to China,” says Diment.
Recently, a Vietnamese national flying in from Yangon was arrested at Hanoi’s Noi Bai airport with 3kg
of rhino horn. The arrest is the first solid evidence of African wildlife trafficking through Myanmar.
Elephant skin, a tiger claw, ivory and porcupine quills displayed at a
small market stall in Mong La, Myanmar. Photograph: Taylor
Weidman/Getty Images
35. 11/3/2017 Demand for elephant skin, trunk and penis drives rapid rise in poaching in Myanmar | Environment | The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/07/demand-elephant-products-drives-dramatic-rise-poaching-myanmar 7/9
Since you’re here …
… we have a small favour to ask. More people are reading the Guardian than ever but advertising
revenues across the media are falling fast. And unlike many news organisations, we haven’t put up a
paywall – we want to keep our journalism as open as we can. So you can see why we need to ask for
your help. The Guardian’s independent, investigative journalism takes a lot of time, money and hard
work to produce. But we do it because we believe our perspective matters – because it might well be
your perspective, too.
Elephants are endangered across Asia, with about 40,000 to 50,000 remaining in 2003, down from
more than 100,000 at the start of the 20th century, according to the IUCN red list (which holds official
information on threatened species worldwide). After India, Myanmar has the largest population of the
Asian elephant, with as few as 1,400 wild elephants and 6,000 domesticated timber elephants.
Since the Myanmar government halted logging operations to stop deforestation in 2014, the timber
elephants have also become more vulnerable to poaching or trafficking.
As China moves to implement an ivory ban by the end of this year, conservationists worry how border
markets such as Mong La will be affected.
“We have already seen rapid growth of ivory available for sale in border markets, such as Mong La on
the Myanmar-China border,” says Chris R. Shepherd, Regional Director for TRAFFIC in Southeast Asia.
“It is likely that if enforcement on the Myanmar-China border at Mong La remains weak, this market
will continue to flourish.”
This piece is part of a year-long series on elephant conservation – email us at
elephant.conservation@theguardian.com
36. 11/3/2017 Demand for elephant skin, trunk and penis drives rapid rise in poaching in Myanmar | Environment | The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/07/demand-elephant-products-drives-dramatic-rise-poaching-myanmar 8/9
I appreciate there not being a paywall: it is more democratic for the media to be available for all and not
a commodity to be purchased by a few. I’m happy to make a contribution so others with less means still
have access to information. Thomasine F-R.
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Topics
Environment
Elephant conservation
Illegal wildlife trade
Conservation
Animals
Myanmar
South and Central Asia
features
37. 11/3/2017 Elephant Conservation in Burma and Myanmar
http://www.eleaid.com/country-profiles/elephants-burma/ 1/7
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38. 11/3/2017 Elephant Conservation in Burma and Myanmar
http://www.eleaid.com/country-profiles/elephants-burma/ 2/7
The battle for the elephant’s survival in
Burma is vital for the future of the species.
The availability of the largest reserves of
elephant habitat in Asia married with the
greatest concentration of elephant experts
on the continent represent real hope that
elephants will continue to thrive here.
EleAid trustee Charles Begley produced A
Report on the Elephant Situation in Burma in
2006 which comprehensively summarises
the current status of Burma’s elephants.
Click here for the latest news about
elephants in Burma
Burma/Myanmar Elephant Population Figures
Elephant Range: 115,000 km²
Country Ranking: 1st of 13
Total Wild Elephants: 4,000 – 5,000
Country Ranking: 2nd of 13
Total Captive Population: >5,000
Country Ranking: 1st of 13
Source: R Sukumar – A Brief Review of the Status, Distribution and Biology of
Wild Asian Elephants Elephas maximus- International Zoo Yearbook 2006
EleAid shared a link.
Injured Baby Elephant Goes
Swimming
nytimes.com
A 5-month-old elephant is
receiving hydrotherapy
treatment in Thailand after
being rescued from an animal
snare.
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Weaning Itself From
Elephant Ivory, China Turns
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39. 11/3/2017 Elephant Conservation in Burma and Myanmar
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While this information source is considered the very best available, accurate
data on wild elephant populations is di cult to obtain and scienti cally
verify.
Burma o ers the best hope for the survival of large herds of wild elephants
Wild Elephants in Burma/Myanmar
Despite being second in the population
rankings, Burma’s wild elephant
numbers have dropped dramatically
over the past 50 years and appear to still
be in decline.The major threats to the
wild population are:
Wild Elephant Capture
Burma still uses trained elephants in its large-scale logging industry.
Although the government o cially banned wild capture in 1994, it is known
to continue to ful l the needs of the timber industry.
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
Despite having the largest forest tracts of all, deforestation is taking place at
an alarming rate. Although in theory Burma follows a policy of selective
logging, evidence suggests that large areas are being cleared, much of which
may be the result of illegal activity.
Promoters of ivory from the
extinct animals say it’s an
ethical alternative. Others fear
it may give cover to the black-
market elephant ivory trade.
2 days ago · View on Facebook
When I'm 64... :)
Yangon’s oldest elephant
Mo Mo turns 64 | Coconuts
Yangon
coconuts.co
The Yangon Zoological Garden
held a celebration over the
weekend in honor of Mo Mo –
the city’s oldest elephant –
who just celebrated her 64th
birthday.
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40. 11/3/2017 Elephant Conservation in Burma and Myanmar
http://www.eleaid.com/country-profiles/elephants-burma/ 4/7
The shrinking and fragmentation of elephant habitat is placing increased
pressure on the remaining elephant population.
Poaching
Poaching for ivory, meat and other elephant products only takes place on a
very small scale in Burma, however poaching to capture elephant calves is
known to be common place. The mother and often other members of the
herd will ght to protect the calf and the hunters frequently resort to killing
them. The calves are then smuggled in to Thailand for work in the tourist
industry.
Domesticated Elephants in Burma/Myanmar
Logging Elephants
Over the past 200 years, Burma has used
elephants on a large scale in the timber
industry; an activity that is still a vital part of
the Burmese economy today.
Logging is carried out by the Myanmar Timber Enterprise (MTE) and they
employ or sub contract around 4,000 elephants. The use of elephants allows
a policy of selective logging which, in theory at least, allows the MTE to
extract valuable timber while leaving the forest otherwise in tact. This policy
can only be ful lled using elephant labour.
41. 11/3/2017 Elephant Conservation in Burma and Myanmar
http://www.eleaid.com/country-profiles/elephants-burma/ 5/7
The main work of the elephants is to drag
felled timber from the cutting area to roads or
rivers from where it can be transported out of
the jungle.
Logging work is exceptionally hard, but strict
regulations are designed to maintain the
health of the animals. Burma has more
elephant experts than any other Asian country
and leads the world in elephant management,
veterinary care and mahout skills.
Other Work
Elephants are also used for the following work, although in much smaller
numbers
Village elephants – many villages, particularly those in more isolated
areas, will keep one or more elephants for a variety of jobs
Transportation and baggage elephants – particularly in mountainous
forest areas where the only alternative to using elephants is to travel by
foot. Not only do the MTE and villagers use elephants in this way, but it is
also reported that the guerrilla Shan State Army and the Karen National
Liberation Army use elephants to get around.
Ceremonial Use for religious and state functions
Tourism – both elephant shows and jungle trekking, although this industry
is far less developed and widespread as in neighbouring Thailand.
Agriculture, especially on di cult terrain
42. 11/3/2017 Elephant Conservation in Burma and Myanmar
http://www.eleaid.com/country-profiles/elephants-burma/ 6/7
Other Problems
The government of Burma/Myanmar is an autocratic, military regime that
has earned pariah status in the world.
Sanctions from other countries and excessive government control and
ine cient policies have had a catastrophic e ect on the economy and
infrastructure of Burma.
Many governments and international NGO’s refuse to have anything to do
with the regime and those that do are hindered by the lack of economic
development.
Summary
The availability of large areas of elephant habitat, the presence of a large
number of local elephant experts and a culture that holds elephants in high
esteem creates great possibilities for comprehensive and integrated
elephant conservation policy. This is however unlikely to ever gain much
credibility or headway while the current regime remains in power.
Burma’s oozies are the best mahouts in the world
43. 11/3/2017 Green Hill Valley – Elephant Camp with Re-Plantation
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G R E E N H I L L V A L L E Y
ELEPHANT CAMP WITH RE-PLANTATION
ABOUT OUR SERVICES GALLERY OUR TEAM ELEPHANT CARE CONTACT
44. 11/3/2017 Green Hill Valley – Elephant Camp with Re-Plantation
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Green Hill Valley was founded in 2011 by a family with a history of working with elephants in the Myanmar Timber Enterprise (MTE).
The focus is primarily on providing care for elephants that are no longer t to work. The family realized that Myanmar elephants
working in timber camps were in precarious situation as logging slows down due to a variety of factors. Another reason for starting
the GHV camp was the desire to educate and share information with both local residents and foreign visitors.
In 2012, the family managed to hire several disabled elephants from the MTE and a ve-year-old male was added in July 2012.
Thanks to the income provided by visitors, elephants at GHV can enjoy their full retirement and receive the veterinary care they
require.
VISION
45. 11/3/2017 Green Hill Valley – Elephant Camp with Re-Plantation
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MISSION
46. 11/3/2017 Green Hill Valley – Elephant Camp with Re-Plantation
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VALUES
47. 11/3/2017 Green Hill Valley – Elephant Camp with Re-Plantation
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48. 11/3/2017 Green Hill Valley – Elephant Camp with Re-Plantation
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Protecting our local environment, ensuring the well-being our elephants and educating local residents are all key components of
our project.
Visitors are of course welcome to join us in our daily care programs for elephants.
Reforestation is another one of our guiding principles. Our forest recovery program is built around visitor participation.
Each visitor is invited to plant one regional tree from our nursery. The idea is not only to encourage forest recovery, but also to
educate the local community about the importance of reforestation and risks posed by haphazard deforestation.
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57. 11/3/2017 Green Hill Valley – Elephant Camp with Re-Plantation
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58. 11/3/2017 In a disturbing new trend, poachers are killing Myanmar’s elephants for their skin, teeth, and tails | Stories | WWF
https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/in-a-disturbing-new-trend-poachers-are-killing-myanmar-s-elephants-for-their-skin-teeth-and-tails 1/6
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In a disturbing new trend, poachers are killing Myanmar’s
elephants for their skin, teeth, and tails
WWF aims to deploy an emergency anti-poaching plan
63. 11/3/2017 In a disturbing new trend, poachers are killing Myanmar’s elephants for their skin, teeth, and tails | Stories | WWF
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64. 11/3/2017 Myanmar Timber Elephant Project | Timber elephants
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Publications Timber elephants
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Timber elephants
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Myanmar elephants
Myanmar (Burma) is home to the second largest total population of Asian elephants remaining worldwide (a er India), including a
captive population of approximately 5,000, the largest captive population in the world today. Most such captive elephants live in
government-owned timber camps where elephant draught power has been utilized extensively for more than a century.
Elephants in the timber industry
Myanmar exports 75% of the world’s teak, and the UN FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation) estimates that 50-60% of the country’s 60
million people depend on forestry for their basic needs. Despite increasing mechanisation, half of the Myanmar timber is extracted by
using trained elephants, particularly in the mountainous areas, because access by vehicles is di icult and such selective logging is more
sustainable. Unfortunately, although at least half of the timber elephants are captive-born, more elephants must be captured from the
66. 11/3/2017 Myanmar Timber Elephant Project | Timber elephants
http://elephant-project.science/timber-elephants/ 3/7
wild to maintain the workforce. This could result in wild elephants in Myanmar becoming extinct by the end of this century. See the “what
we do-page” for information on how our research aims to provide new solutions to elephant management and healthcare in order to
optimise the balance between working ability, survival and fertility, and to minimise calf deaths.
The life of a timber elephant
All the elephants involved in our projects work in the timber industry and are owned by the Myanma Timber Enterprise . They are captive,
but live very di erent lives to captive elephants in zoos and their mortality rate is much lower than that of zoo elephants in western
countries, more closely matching survival rates documented for wild African elephants. The timber elephants live in forest camps, and
are engaged in dragging and pushing logs and extracting timber once trees have been felled, without the need to carve large roads
through the forest that jeopardise its integrity. In addition to their oozies (Burmese for ‘head rider’), the timber elephants are cared for by
a team of government veterinarians who carry out regular health checks, which are documented in every elephant’s personal logbook,
but they are not provisioned for or aided in mating or calving. Instead, at night the elephants forage in forests in their family groups
unsupervised and encounter tame and wild conspecifics leading to calves o en being sired by wild bulls. For this reason, the population
is characterised as semi-captive.
Gestation
Elephants have the longest gestation period of any mammal, typically around 22 months. The
timber elephants are not aided in mating or calving by their human caretakers, but instead
both events usually happen in the forest unsupervised. Many calves are thought to be sired
by wild bulls. Pregnant females are given a rest period from mid-pregnancy until 1 year post-
birth.
Birth
Although most calves are born in the forest unsupervised by humans, calves born in captivity are usually detected within a day, their birth
date is entered into their maternal logbook, and they are measured and given a health check by an MTE veterinarian soon a er birth.
67. 11/3/2017 Myanmar Timber Elephant Project | Timber elephants
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Since birth, most calves are taken care of by one or more “aunties” (allomothers) in addition
to their mothers.
Calves at heel
Timber elephant calves up to 4 years of age are known as “calves at heel” and spend their
time in relative freedom with their mothers at all times. Mothers are given maternity leave for
their first year following birth, and although they are then used for light work, calves are still
cared for by their biological and allo-mothers and allowed to feed on demand.
Taming
Calves are separated from their maternal herd and tamed at around 4-5 years of age. The initial taming takes around 4 weeks, a er which
each calf is allocated an individual caretaker (‘oozie’) whose relationship with the elephant can last a lifetime. Calves are also individually
marked with a permanent ID-number and receive their own logbook detailing every subsequent health check and life event.
68. 11/3/2017 Myanmar Timber Elephant Project | Timber elephants
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Trainee elephants
Calves between ages 5 and 17 are trained and used for light work duties.
Adult working elephant
At 18 years, the trainee elephants are put in the workforce as mature logging elephants. By this age most females are reproductively
mature (the average age at first reproduction is around 18). The working season is from June to February, covering the monsoon season
and cooler winter months. Working hours per day and year are stipulated by the Government, with usually up to 5 hours per day spent
dragging or pushing logs and the rest of the time spent foraging unsupervised in family groups.
69. 11/3/2017 Myanmar Timber Elephant Project | Timber elephants
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View all news »
Retirement
All logging elephants that survive to the age of 55 are immediately retired and allowed to live
the rest of their lives (potentially into their late 70s) in relative freedom. However their oozie
continues to take care of them and their logbooks detailing health and life-events are
maintained until death. Some captive-born females continue bearing calves into their late
60s.
Latest news
70. 11/3/2017 Myanmar Timber Elephant Project
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Publications Timber elephants
Impact and outreach The Team
What we do Support us
We are a multi-disciplinary research group based at the
University of Turku, Finland and the University of Shef eld, UK,
studying a large and unique semi-captive population of timber
elephants in Myanmar.
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View all news »
Our individual-based study uses a detailed longitudinal data set, which combines several
decades of demographic data on the entire population with a more recent collection of
data on individual phenotypes in the field. Myanmar has the largest captive Asian
elephant population in the world but low rates of survival and reproduction necessitate
capture of wild elephants to maintain the working population. The health of the captive
population is therefore tightly linked to the endangered wild population. Our research
aims to determine factors a ecting health, fertility and mortality rates in the captive
population and devising strategies to improve them.
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75. 11/3/2017 Myanmar to launch elephant conservation project | The Myanmar Times
https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/nay-pyi-taw/24609-myanmar-to-launch-elephant-conservation-project.html 3/9
Myanmar to launch elephant conservation project
Myanmar to launch elephant conservation project
Pyae Thet Phyo 19 Jan 2017
Myanmar to launch elephant conservation project
Amid a dramatic rise in elephant poaching, the government is stepping up efforts to protect the tusked mammals with a new
conservation project expected to be unveiled later this week.
Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation U Ohn Win said the Myanmar Elephant Conservation Project will legislate
against killing elephants, and will also include establishing a registry of both wild and domesticated elephants.
He added that the project has been drafted with urgency in order to crack down on the increase in elephant killing, and the trade in elephant
parts.
U Ohn Win said the project plans should contain the relevant laws which can be used against those involved in the illegal killing of elephants.
In order to undertake long-term conservation, the project will make a list enumerating both wild and domesticated elephants. All elephant
owners will be informed and require to register the animals with the ministry, according to U Ohn Win.
The Ministry of Forestry estimates there are about 2000-3000 wild elephants in the country, including in sanctuaries and natural habitats.
The elephant conservation project will also seek to advance research on elephant, human-wildlife conflict caused by territory encroachment
and how citizens can contribute to habitat preservation efforts.
At a world wildlife conference in Johannesburg, South Africa last year, countries party to the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora – including Myanmar – agreed to combat elephant poaching and the selling of ivory and
elephant organs.
Elephant poachers in Myanmar mostly sell ivory to China and Thailand through illegal channels, with a single tusk bringing in thousands of US
dollars. But China, one of the largest markets for elephant ivory, announced a 2017 ban on all ivory trade and processing. The move was
welcomed by environmental activists as a key step in curtailing the region’s ivory trade.
76. 11/3/2017 Myanmar to launch elephant conservation project | The Myanmar Times
https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/nay-pyi-taw/24609-myanmar-to-launch-elephant-conservation-project.html 4/9
According to government records from 2010 to 2016, Myanmar lost a total of 133 elephants – 72 to natural causes and 61 to poachers.
Translation by San Layy and Kyaw Soe Htet
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77. 11/3/2017 Unemployed, Myanmar’s Elephants Grow Antsy, and Heavier - The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/31/world/asia/myanmar-logging-elephants-unemployment.html 1/5
https://nyti.ms/1KhQfHC
ASIA PACIFIC
Unemployed, Myanmar’s Elephants Grow Antsy, and
Heavier
点击查看本文中文版 Read in Chinese
By THOMAS FULLER JAN. 30, 2016
WA KALU PU, Myanmar — Dragging giant tree trunks up and down the steep hillsides of sweltering jungles is a
tough job. But there is something worse, say owners of Myanmar’s logging elephants: having no job at all.
Shrinking forests and a law enacted three years ago that prohibits the export of raw timber have saddled
Myanmar with an elephant unemployment crisis. Hundreds of elephants have been thrown out of work, and many
are not handling it well.
“They become angry a lot more easily,” U Chit Sein, 64, whose eight logging elephants now work only a few days
a month. “There is no work, so they are getting fat. And all the males want to do is have sex all the time.”
Elephants hold an almost mystical place in Myanmar, home to the world’s largest captive elephant population.
For hundreds of years, they helped extract precious teak and hardwoods from jungles that even modern machinery
78. 11/3/2017 Unemployed, Myanmar’s Elephants Grow Antsy, and Heavier - The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/31/world/asia/myanmar-logging-elephants-unemployment.html 2/5
still cannot penetrate.
Now the future of the 5,500 or so wrinkled pachyderms in captivity is a major preoccupation for the government
officials who oversee them.
“Unemployment is really hard to handle,” said U Saw Tha Pyae, whose six elephants have been jobless for the
past two years. “There is no logging because there are no more trees.”
Myanmar’s leading elephant expert, Daw Khyne U Mar, estimates that there are now 2,500 jobless elephants, many
of them here in the jungles of eastern Myanmar, about two and a half hours from the Thai border. That number
would put the elephant unemployment rate at around 40 percent, compared with about 4 percent for Myanmar’s
people.
“Most of these elephants don’t know what to do,” Ms. Khyne U Mar said. “The owners have a great burden. It’s
expensive to keep them.”
Adult elephants, which each weigh about 10,000 pounds, eat 400 pounds of food a day and, other than circuses
and logging, have limited job opportunities.
Logging is arduous. But elephant experts say hard work is one reason Myanmar’s elephants have remained
relatively healthy. A 2008 study calculated that Myanmar’s logging elephants, which have a strict regimen of work
and play, live twice as long as elephants kept in European zoos, a median age of 42 years compared with 19 for zoo
animals.
Some logging elephants live much longer. “You see working elephants living into their 50s and 60s quite
regularly,” said Joshua Plotnik, an elephant behavior specialist based in Thailand. “It all comes down to nutrition and
proper care.”
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79. 11/3/2017 Unemployed, Myanmar’s Elephants Grow Antsy, and Heavier - The New York Times
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Elephants have been known to display a sense of purpose in their work, experts say, and the loss of a job can be
demoralizing.
“I don’t want to anthropomorphize,” said John Edward Roberts, the director of elephants and conservation
activities at an elephant rescue center, the Golden Triangle Asian Elephant Foundation in Thailand. “But if you take
away that part of their life that has entertained them or stretched them mentally and physically — it’s difficult.”
For most people in Myanmar, things are looking up. The economy is growing rapidly and citizens are enjoying
newfound freedoms after years of brutal dictatorship. But the dawn of democracy here has meant a reversal of
fortune for elephants. In decades past, when Myanmar’s population suffered under dictatorship, life was arguably
much less harsh for elephants.
The military governments adhered to a strict labor code for elephants drawn up in British colonial times: eight-
hour work days and five-day weeks, retirement at 55, mandatory maternity leave, summer vacations and good
medical care. There are still elephant maternity camps and retirement communities run by the government. In a
country where the most basic social protections were absent during the years of dictatorship, elephant labor laws
were largely respected, partly because an overworked elephant is a very dangerous animal, say those who handle
them.
Each logging elephant has its own record book, with medical and work history managed by Myanma Timber
Enterprise, a government company often referred to by its initials.
“The M.T.E. elephants that I’ve seen are really healthy compared with elephants I’ve seen in other countries,”
said Dr. Susan Mikota, the director of veterinary programs and research at Elephant Care International, a charity
based in the United States and devoted to elephant welfare. “They are on a natural diet, they are allowed to forage.
They have good muscular skeletal body condition. They get good exercise.”
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80. 11/3/2017 Unemployed, Myanmar’s Elephants Grow Antsy, and Heavier - The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/31/world/asia/myanmar-logging-elephants-unemployment.html 4/5
Georgia Mason, a co-author of the 2008 study, said that obesity seemed to be a major factor in the lower life
expectancy of zoo elephants. A subsequent study showed that elephant babies born in zoos were 15 percent heavier
than those born in logging camps, she said.
With the number of jobless elephants likely to increase as forests shrink and the logging industry wanes, the
government is exploring the possibility of releasing some of the elephants into the wild.
Simon Hedges, the elephant coordinator at the Wildlife Conservation Society, an animal protection organization
based in the United States, said this was an “exciting opportunity.” But he and others cautioned that concerns needed
to be addressed about captive elephants spreading diseases to wild populations and raiding villages for food.
“Some of the more radical organizations believe that you can let all of the captive elephants go in the wild —
that’s easier said than done,” said Mr. Hedges, who last year in Myanmar took part in a meeting, hosted by the
Burmese government, on the future of elephants. “Elephants are big, dangerous, scary animals. It’s hard to keep them
away from crops.”
Elephant owners regularly release their animals into the jungles to forage and are often forced to indemnify
villagers when crops are devoured.
“There is not much space left in the jungles for them,” said Mr. Chit Sein, the elephant owner.
Forest cover in Myanmar has decreased by 42 percent since 1990, according to the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations.
As they await a solution, elephant owners are coping with joblessness in various ways.
Some have sold their charges to businessmen in Thailand, where they will be deployed in the Thai tourism
industry, including in elephant shows and jungle treks. Exporting elephants to Thailand is technically illegal without
82. 11/3/2017 Wild elephants poaching rises in southern Rakhine, Ayeyawady Region | Eleven Myanmar
http://www.elevenmyanmar.com/opinion/11137 1/2
(/)
Writer: Hsan Htoo Aung
Wild elephants poaching rises in southern Rakhine, Ayeyawady Region
Submitted by Eleven on Thu, 08/17/2017 - 23:17
The body of a wild elephant being killed in Ayeyawady Region
The rate of wild elephant poaching has been increasing in Ayeyawady Region and southern parts of Rakhine State, although conservation activities are being carried out at Rakhine
Yoma Wildlife Sanctuary, according to the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS).
In Myanmar, the number of wild elephants is declining due to elephant poachers who want elephant skins and other parts. Although the Ministry of Forestry estimates there are about
1,400 to 2,000 wild elephants in the country, the actual amount is likely less.
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83. 11/3/2017 Wild elephants poaching rises in southern Rakhine, Ayeyawady Region | Eleven Myanmar
http://www.elevenmyanmar.com/opinion/11137 2/2
That’s why elephant conservation tasks are being carried out in Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park and Rakhine Yoma Wildlife Sanctuary under the sponsorship of Environment and
Birds Conservation Team of the Forest Department.
“It is very important to conserve wild elephants. If the departmental heads and civic organizations carry out the conservation tasks of the wild elephants, they might succeed. Locals
must participate in elephant conservation tasks. We would like to urge the locals to inform us if they see elephant poachers,” Dr. Saw Htoo Tha, Technical Senior Coordinator of the
Birds Conservation Team (Myanmar).
With the aim to conserve endangered animals including elephants, the WCS is now carrying out research works with locals at the watershed areas in Banchaung region of Dawei
District, Taninthari Region.
The Myanmar Elephant Conservation Action Plan was drawn by the experts from home and abroad. International organisations are drawing up the Myanmar Elephant Conservation
Action Plan.
Translated by KSM
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84. 11/3/2017 Will Myanmar’s elephants die out because their skin is being made into jewellery? | World news | The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2017/oct/09/elephant-skin-trade-the-animals-latest-existential-threat 1/5
85. 11/3/2017 Will Myanmar’s elephants die out because their skin is being made into jewellery? | World news | The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2017/oct/09/elephant-skin-trade-the-animals-latest-existential-threat 2/5
Emine Saner
Will Myanmar’s elephants die out because their skin
is being made into jewellery?
With the ivory trade virtually dead, poachers are coming up with new markets for elephant products – much to the
horror of campaigners
Monday 9 October 2017 17.05 BST
T
he extent to which humans can find a use for every part of an elephant seems infinite. Once, it was
a desire for ivory that was to blame for the destruction of populations, but now that countries have
cracked down on that – including a ban in the UK on the sale of antique ivory – markets for other
products are being found. The latest fad is for elephant skin, which is being sold as jewellery and a cure
for eczema.
In Myanmar there are thought to be only 1,000-2,000 elephants left, down from 10,000 two decades
ago. Female Asian elephants, which were always protected to a degree because they don’t have tusks,
are now being targeted.