1. Pathways Kenya 2016
Integrating Human Dimensions into Fisheries and Wildlife Management
JANUARY 10-13, 2016
Fairmont Mount Kenya Safari Club, Nanyuki, Kenya
www.HDFWconference.org
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Contents:
Welcome Page 03
Conference Planning Committee Page 04
Plenary Speakers Page 05
Check In Information Page 07
About Our Partners Page 08
Conference Logistics Page 19
Excursions Page 11
Symposia Details Page 13
Schedule Overviews Pages 22
Detailed Schedule Pages 25
Index of Authors & Presenters Pages 34
Advertisements Pages 42
Sponsors Back Cover
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Welcome to the fifth international Pathways Conference! At the Pathways Kenya Conference, we will explore human-wildlife conflict and
coexistence, wildlife governance, ONE Health and many other timely human dimensions of fisheries and wildlife management topics.
Why: As human developments expand and encroach upon wild lands and wildlife habitat, interaction between humans and wild animals
can have serious impacts for both wildlife and human livelihoods. This program will explore the opportunities and challenges that arise.
Biodiversity provides the foundation for healthy ecosystems and human habitat. We share this earth with other living beings and people
depend on healthy fish and wildlife populations for subsistence as well as the revenue that tourism and even hunting brings to communities.
Yet, in many places human-wildlife conflict and poorly planned development is driving wildlife species to the brink of extension. Other
landscapes offer hopeful examples. Pathways Kenya will feature visionary wildlife managers, leaders in conservation policy, and the students
and academics that are forging new frontiers.
About the Conference: This conference provides a forum where scientists and practitioners can address a wide variety of topics that are
critical to understanding the state of human dimensions science and application in fish and wildlife conservation. The conference kicks
off with keynote presentations by Dr. Munir Virani and Kahindi Lekalhaile on Sunday evening and Dr. Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka and Tom
Lalampaa on Monday morning. These four East Africans are conservation leaders with truly inspiring stories to share of how they worked
with communities to transition from a focus on human-wildlife conflict to one that supports human-wildlife coexistence. Afterwards you
can look forward to 17 symposia sessions throughout the conference put together by conservation leaders in the non-profit, government,
and academic sectors. These symposia sessions are surrounded by an engaging array of lectures throughout the week by researchers and
practitioners from 28 countries. Dr. Ruth Wnjiku Kiambo will close the program with a facilitated discussion.
About the Training: Concurrent to the conference we are running a Pathways Kenya Training Program for early and mid career African
conservationists and wildlife managers working on the ground with communities. 60 applicants were awarded highly competitive
scholarships to attend this program. The trainees will attend the opening plenary and join the conference attendees for lunches and the
Monday night social. By offering this training we aim to help to further build capacity for on the ground wildlife conservation in Africa
and share lessons learned from around the continent and beyond. This is a way for the conference to give back, facilitate the transfer of
knowledge and take our applied focus a step further.
We hope that you will take advantage of the opportunity to network with over 200 conference participants and 60 training participants
during this program, meals and evening socials. We also hope that you will find time to experience the hospitality of Kenyan culture, get out
and meet local people, take advantage of the amazing nearby wildlife viewing opportunities and perhaps even climb Mt. Kenya.
Enjoy,
Pathways Kenya 2016
JANUARY 10-13, 2016, NANYUKI, KENYA
Esther A. Duke - Conference Director
Department Human Dimensions of Natural Resources
Colorado State University
Robin Reid - Pathways Planning Team
Department Human Dimensions of Natural Resources
Colorado State University
Brett Bruyere - Pathways Planning Team
Department Human Dimensions of Natural Resources
Colorado State University
Mordecai Ogada - Pathways Local Organizer
Conservation Solutions Afrika
Michael J. Manfredo - Conference Co-Chair
Department Human Dimensions of Natural Resources
Colorado State University
Jerry J. Vaske - Conference CO-Chair
Department Human Dimensions of Natural Resources
Colorado State University
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Conference Planning Committee
Michael J. Manfredo
Professor & Department Head
Department of Human Dimensions of
Natural Resources
Colorado State University
Jerry J. Vaske
Professor
Department of Human Dimensions of
Natural Resources
Colorado State University
Esther Duke
Director of Special Projects and Programs
Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources
Colorado State University
Hallette Smyht
Assistant Conference and Event Coordinator
Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources
Colorado State University
Brett Bruyere
Pathways Planning Team
Associate Professor
Human Dimensions of Natural Resources
Colorado State University
Sue Anschutz-Rodgers
Pathways Honorary Co-Chair
Chair and President
Anschutz Family Foundation
Mordecai Ogada
Pathways Local Organizer
Director
Conservation Solutions Afrika
Conference Director:
Conference Co-Chairs:
Assistant Coordinator:
Edward Warner
Pathways Honorary Co-Chair
Director of San Counties Foundation,
Explores Foundations, & Philanthropist
Robin Reid
Pathways Planning Team
Director
Center for Collaborative Conservation
Colorado State University
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Monday January, 11th 8:00am-10:00am.
Kirinyaga
Integrating One Health and Conservation to Promote Sustainable
Development
Dr. Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka: Founder and Chief Executive Officer of
Conservation Through Public Health (CTPH)
Biography: Dr. Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka is one of the leading conservationists and
scientists working to save the critically endangered mountain gorillas of East Africa.
As Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Conservation Through Public Health
(CTPH), a grassroots, nonprofit organization based in Uganda with a US Office
in North Carolina, Gladys promotes conservation and public health by improving
primary health care to both people and animals in and around protected areas in
Africa with a vision to control transmission of disease where people, wildlife and
livestock meet.
She trained at the University of London’s Royal Veterinary College, and in 2008,
she was honored with the San Diego Zoo’s “Conservation in Action Award” and
was among eight women given an award for outstanding contribution towards
tourism development and women empowerment in 2007. She was the recipient of
the prestigious Ashoka Fellowship in 2006. Between 1996 and 2000, she set up the
first Veterinary Unit in the Uganda Wildlife Authority, pioneering the first wildlife
translocations in her country since the 1970s and developed the first community
education campaigns on risks of humans and gorilla disease transmission among
others. An articulate, polished advocate, Gladys has been featured in documentaries
on BBC 1, National Geographic, Animal Planet, MNet and Uganda Television.
Achieving Conservation through Community Resilience and
Rangelands Management
Tom Lalampaa: Chief Operations Officer, Northern Rangelands Trust (NRT).
Chairman of Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association (KWCA).
Biography: Tom Lalampaa works with Northern Rangelands Trust as the Chief
Operations Officer. NRT based at Lewa Conservancy, is an umbrella organization
currently supporting 27 Community Conservancies across 10 Counties in Kenya. The
Trust brings together the community, private sector and the government. Tom holds
a BA in social work, MBA in strategic management, and an MA in Project planning
and Management from the University of Nairobi. Tom is currently undertaking his
PhD in Business Management at KEMU University.
He is the Chairman of Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association (KWCA), a national
body that brings together both private and community conservancies in Kenya.
Tom has served as Vice Chairman of the Wildlife Security Task Force formed by the
Government to asses and make recommendations on improving wildlife security
in the Country, and in May 2011 he presented the US Congressional staff briefing,
“Wildlife, Prosperity, and Security in Northern Kenya.”
In 2013 Tom won the inaugural Tusk Award for conservation in Africa, presided by
The Patron His Royal Highness The Duke of Cambridge at a ceremony in London.
The award recognized his outstanding contribution to northern Kenya’s communities
and wildlife.
Plenary Speakers
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Plenary Speakers
Sunday January, 10th 5:00pm-6:30pm.
Kirinyaga
Game of Poisons: From Asian Vulture Crisis to African Vulture
Catastrophe
Dr. Munir Virani Africa Program Director, The Peregrine Fund
Biography: Dr. Munir Virani graduated with First Class Honors in Zoology and was
selected by The Peregrine Fund to train as a raptor biologist under the legendary
Simon Thomsett. Munir registered at the University of Leicester (U.K.) and did his
Master’s degree on the endangered Sokoke Scops Owl. He successfully completed his
Ph.D research at the University of Leicester (U.K) where his research focused on Augur
Buzzards at Lake Naivasha.
In 2000, Munir was sent to South Asia by The Peregrine Fund to evaluate the magnitude
of declines of populations of Gyps vultures in the region. He set up a team of biologists
and technical staff in India, Nepal and Pakistan and established a successful field and
diagnostic research project that helped to identify the pharmaceutical drug diclofenac as
the cause of the catastrophic crash of vulture populations there. Munir also directs raptor
research projects in Africa.
Munir is a member of the Board of Directors of the Raptor Research Foundation whilst
also serving on Kenya’s Bird Committee, the Raptor Working Group and Associate
Editor for the African Journal of Ornithology - Ostrich. In 2002, Munir was awarded
the Aga Khan Foundation award for excellence in the Field of Science and Technol-
ogy by His Highness Prince Amyn Mohamed.Munir has published over a 100 scientific
and popular articles including a paper in the esteemed journal Nature. In 2007, he was
awarded a prize for the Wildlife Photographer of the Year in a competition organized by
Twende Travel Magazine.
Influential Human Dimensions on the Historical Development of
Wildlife Conservation in Laikipia-Samburu Region
Mr. Kahindi Lekalhaile Wildlife Advisor, Africa Network for Animal Welfare
Biography: Mr. Kahindi Lekalhaile’s job experience in nature conservation spans 25 years
working as a naturalist, environmental education expert, trainer in wildlife social work,
field research scientist, ecotourism expert, university lecturer, community-based
conservation advisor and senior program manager. Some of his past experience includes
assisting to set up the Samburu Elephant Research Centre under Save The Elephants
charity in Africa under the supervision of the world-famous expert, Dr. Iain Douglas-
Hamilton; executing the United Nation’s Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants
(MIKE) program in Kenya covering the northern Kenya elephant population, which is the
largest elephant free-ranging elephant population living outside any protected area in East
Africa and pioneering the ‘PIKE’ technique (Proportion of Illegally Killed Elephants) as
an early warning system for elephant ivory poaching in the world. A renowned crusader
against illegal global trade of wildlife and wildlife products, Kahindi is an Earthwatch
Fellow in Madagascar and the recipient of the 2006 Disney Conservation Hero award
from Disney World.
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Check-in informtion
Transportation for Pathways:
Uso Africa Safaris has dedicated drivers for those traveling to and from Nairobi.
To book or modify arrangements for your shuttle call: +254 725 261083 or Email: general.usoafrica.com
Check-In and Registration Information:
Pathways registration check-in will take place in the Pre-function area at the Fairmont Mount Kenya Safari Club, Nanyuki.
Sunday, January 10, 2014 3:00 pm – 5:00 pm and throughout the conference.
Uploading Presentations:
Presenters planning to use PowerPoint files who did not upload them to our website ahead of time must come to their assigned
session room 30 minutes prior to the start of their session to load their presentation to the designated laptop. Please bring all
files on a flash-drive.
Business Services:
The phone number for Fairmont Mount Kenya Safari Club is +254 (0) 20 2265555. There is a copier and fax available for all
guests. Administrative services are also available as needed.
Tensions Between Community Livelihoods and Conservation/
Tourism Dialogue
Dr. Ruth Wanjiku Kiambo JICA Project
Biography: Dr. Ruth Wanjiku Kiambo is a tourism consultant with 20 years of experi-
ence in diverse projects within East and Southern Africa. She has worked in the areas of
tourism destination development, coastal resource management, sustainable communi-
ty tourism, and on land rights. Wanjiku is based in Inhambane Province, Mozambique
where she has established a consulting company that focuses on research and tourism.
Wednesday January, 13th 2:30pm-3:30pm.
Kirinyaga
Plenary Speakers
8. 08
About our Partners:
Colorado State University -
Warner College of Natural Resources - Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Department
For more than a century Colorado State University’s Warner College of Natural Resources (WCNR) has played a
leadership role in research, teaching, training and technical assistance related to the understanding and manage-
ment of the world’s natural resources. Within the college, the Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Department
focuses on understanding and attending to the needs and values of humans, human society, and culture as it relates
to the natural environment.
USAID
U.S. foreign assistance has always had the twofold purpose of furthering America’s interests while improving lives in
the developing world. USAID carries out U.S. foreign policy by promoting broad-scale human progress at the same
time it expands stable, free societies, creates markets and trade partners for the United States, and fosters good will
abroad.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service mission is to work with others to conserve,
protect and enhance fish, wildlife and plants and their habitats for the
continuing benefit of the American people.
The Human Dimensions Branch examines the complex relationships between
people and the wildlife and habitats the National Wildlife Refuge System
protects. They help wildlife practitioners and decision-makers consider social
systems in conservation planning, design and implementation.
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About our Partners:
Conservation Solutions Afrika
Conservation Solutions Afrika’s (CSA) goal is to strike a balance between conservation and development: ensure
species survival and ecosystems’ integrity while meeting the needs of development. They provide a balance be-
tween conservation and development interests, while ensuring sustainable livelihoods. CSA activities are aimed at
conservation and development; this includes conservation education to communities, securing livelihoods, protec-
tion of wildlife habitats and migration routes, management of conservation in regards to development, incorporat-
ing human dimensions in conservation, support to research and capacity building on conservation.
African Conservation Centre
The African Conservation Centre’s mission is to conserve biodiversity in East Africa and beyond through the col-
laborative application of scientific and indigenous knowledge, improved livelihoods and good governance through
development of local institutions. The centre helps conserve the diversity of life for the well being of all people and
the environment.
University of Nairobi -
Centre for sustainable Dryland Ecosystems & Societies
CSDES has partnered with Colorado State University and the Center for Col-
laborative Conservation to develop a center that transforms higher education
and creates relevant action research that builds human and institutional ca-
pacity for sustaining and improving the ecosystems and human livelihoods in
Kenya. Some of the Center activities include mainstreaming dryland issues in
academic curricula review, short courses for skill building in dryland develop-
ment and recruitment of Center interns among others. The center will also
award short fellowships and grants for students and interns as well as faculty to
work on needs-driven research for development on a competitive basis.
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Social
An evening social event is scheduled for Monday, January 11th 5:30pm - 7:30pm. Tickets are
$25 USD and will be available at the check-in and registration desk in the Pre-function Area.
Drinks and snacks will be provided, as well as live entertainment from traditional Kikuyu
dancers.
Adapting to the Altitude
Nanyuki, Kenya sits at 6,250 feet / 1,905 m above sea level. Persons who are not accustomed
to high elevations should take care to drink a lot of water to avoid headaches, fatigue, insom-
nia, and possible altitude sickness. It has been proven that consuming alcohol during your
first 24 hours will have a greater impact upon you than what you might be used to. Please
enjoy your alcoholic beverages with care.
Medical Care
The Mount Kenya Safari Club has a nurse and doctor on call. If you are in need of medi-
cal attention, please contact the front desk.
Conference Logisitics
11. 11
Fairmont Safaris offer a variety of trips for attendees (available from the hotel):
• Solio Game Reserve
• Sweet Waters Game Reserve
• Aberdare National Park
• Samburu Game Reserve
***Check with Front Desk for booking information.
Excursions
Safaris
There are a variety of safari options for Pathways attendees as USO Africa Safaris, Ol Pejeta, and the Fairmont all offer options
available near the hotel. Safaris range from one day to multiple overnight trips, and prices vary per trip. Call each office for
exact pricing.
USOAfrica Safaris has created custom safari opportunities specifically designed
for Pathways Kenya Conference participants. Uso Africa Safaris is a values-driven
company that provides clients an once-in-a-lifetime Kenyan adventure filled with
wildlife viewing as well as experiences in local communities that increase their
awareness and understanding about the world.
U.S.A. +1 970 691 7243
Kenya +254 725 261083
general@usoafrica.com
Ol Pejeta Conservancy is a nearby private wildlife conservancy with some of the
highest predator densities in the country. After the 30 minute drive to the entrance,
prepare for a full day of abundant wildlife-viewing opportunities of rhino, ele-
phants, zebras, lions, and many ungulate species; a visit to a chimpanzee sanctuary,
and; a stopover for lunch at a restaurant in the park (on your own). An Ol Pejeta
guide will discuss management issues related to human-wildlife conflict and how
the conservancy works with local agricultural and pastoral communities.
info@olpejetaconservancy.org
Tourism office: +254 (0) 707 187 141 or + 254 (0) 20 203 3244
The Mount Kenya Trust is offering Pathways Kenya attendees the opportunity
to visit and learn about the world-renowned Mount Kenya Elephant Corridor.
The project has been said to have ‘essentially relinked the wildlife habitats of
Mount Kenya with those of northern Kenya’ and offers safe passage to many
elephants, African wild dog and other species. It has also substantially reduced
human wildlife conflict. Located 45 minutes’ drive from our conference venue,
join the MKT and other partners for a journey through the corridor, ending at
the ‘world’s first’ elephant underpass where you will hear more about the
formation of the corridor and its day to day management.
$50 USD - Four hour trip ( Midday, Sunday, January 10th and Evening, Thurs-
day, January 14th)
bsummers@mountkenyatrust.org
(Will accommodate on site additions as space allows)
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Animal Orphanage
The animal orphanage managed by the neighboring ranch and the William Holden
Foundation is operated as a non-profit organization focusing on the re-introduction of the
endangered Mount Kenya antelope – the bongo. The Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy
offices are located across the reception of the Club and the access to the orphanage is located
next to the main gate and the Art Gallery. It is open from 8.30a.m. to 12.30p.m. and 1.30p.m.
to 5.30p.m. http://www.animalorphanagekenya.org/
Forest Reserve Walking Safari
Guided game walks and sightseeing in the Forest Reserve are available through out the day,
though the best times are early morning. Clients are escorted by a naturalist as well as armed
Kenyan Wildlife Rangers, which makes for a very interesting three-hour walk, as
the expert is a mine of information about the animals. Emphasis is placed on the flora and
fauna, the bird-life, insects and the ecosystem. Ask the Mount Kenya Safari Club front desk
for more information.
Horse Back Rides
Riding on horses through the Forest Reserve gives you a unique vantage point, as you can
get very close to the animals. Book through reception, keeping in mind that the last ride is at
5.00 p.m. Ask the Mount Kenya Safari Club front desk for more information.
Mountain Biking
Mountain bikes are available at the Club either to ride within the Club or up the slopes of
Mount Kenya with an expert rider. Book through reception. Ask the Mount Kenya Safari
Club front desk for more information.
Fishing Safaris
Mount Kenya is the second highest mountain in Africa, second only to Mount Kilimanjaro.
On its slopes are three very remote high altitude lakes. Lake Rutundu at approx 10,000ft, Lake
Alice, beneath Ithanguni, at around 11,000 ft and Lake Ellis at 12,500ft. To reach the lakes
you have to first ascend through the ancient Cedar forest that rings Mount Kenya which gives
way as you climb to giant groundsel and heather forests. Lake Rutundu, immediately adjacent
the fishing lodge has a, greenish tinge to its waters whilst Lake Alice, a 1 ½ hour walk from
the lodge, has exceptional clarity and given the right light is a vibrant blue. Ask the Mount
Kenya Safari Club front desk for more information.
Excursions
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Symposia Details
Integrating social science into One Health to inform research, policy, and outreach
Organizers: Michael Manfredo (Colorado State University), Andreas Rechkemmer (Denver University) & Esther Duke
(Colorado State University), James Herbert Williams (University of Denver)
Round Table Panelists: Michael Manfredo (Colorado State University), Wayde Morse (Auburn University), Mary Gauvain
(University of California - Riverside), Kathleen Galvin (Colorado State University), Philip Tedeschi (University of Denver),
Richard (Reading University of Denver), Asfaw Kumssa (United Nations Development Programme - Kenya)
Monday, January 11th 10:30 am – 12:00pm
Session A1 Room: Kirinyaga 1
Infectious disease outbreaks – especially zoonotic disease outbreaks triggered when pathogens spread from animals to people – remain
serious health concerns worldwide and provide an excellent example of One Health. According to Wolfe et al. (2007), the most significant
diseases of modern society have animal origins. Zoonotic disease emergence is the result of biological processes mediated by both ecologic
and socio-cultural factors, because the transmission of diseases from animals to humans depend on how people interact with both domestic
and wild animals. Social and cultural diversity, like ecological diversity, plays an important role in the emergence and transmission of
zoonotic diseases. While exposure to zoonosis as well as risk of transmission at the individual and community level is conditioned by the
type of animal and the environment in which interactions occur, all of this is mediated by human activity.
Human population is expected to increase by 50% by the year 2050. This growth will challenge food production systems, ecosystem
services, and biodiversity conservation. These changes pose significant risk to human health and societal security. A human dimensions
social science driven approach considers the social and policy-level determinants that influence emergence and transmission of zoonoses
and the probable effectiveness of various interventions. This includes broad-scale changes occurring globally as a result of such forces
as population growth and expansion, economic development, urbanization, technological advancement, climate change and energy and
resource exploration. Such changes, for example, have led to greater pressure on wildlife and other natural resources by contributing to
habitat loss and fragmentation, loss of biodiversity, changes in the composition of plant and animal populations, and an acceleration of
human-wildlife conflict.
In the complex mix of forces that increasingly shape the nature and distribution of zoonotic disease-related events, human behavior can
exert a powerful influence. In this roundtable, a diverse group of social scientists will explore the social and cultural divers and behavioral
context of disease emergence and transmission as well as the culture and politics of wildlife management and how all of these factors
contribute to a better understanding of the socio-cultural, political, and economic dimensions ONE Health.
Beyond insights for managers and toward resolving conflicts and creating conservation: applied
human dimensions
Organizers: Alistair Bath (Memorial University), Carly Sponarski (Stanford University)
& Leela Hazzah (Lion Guardians)
Presenters: Alistair Bath (Memorial University), Carly Sponarski (Stanford University) & Leela Hazzah (Lion Guardians)
Monday, January 11th 10:30 am – 12:00pm
Session A3 Room: Colobus
Human dimensions (HD) in wildlife management has clearly an important research aspect which focuses upon understanding beliefs, at-
titudes, values, behavioral intention and predicting and documenting behavior regarding human-wildlife related activities. These research
studies, often conducted within theoretical frameworks, offer valuable insights to managers as they explore potential support or opposition
for possible management actions, identify types of conflict within an issue, and better understand the motivations behind why people do
what they do. Innovations such as the Potential for Conflict Index (PCI2) even offer managers a visual means to see consensus and conflict
within wildlife management issues. Yet, all this research doesn’t resolve issues for managers who are dealing with immediate conflict on the
ground. HD scientists are indeed becoming better at studying people, but unfortunately are not working with people to achieve
conservation and resolve real issues in the field.
Despite our field of human dimensions being created to resolve conflicts, this applied HD work receives less attention by academics as
publications generally focus on such applied work are less likely published. While such engagement work is more encouraged within
academic institutions, it remains a low priority in comparison to traditional knowledge dissemination of the published paper. This session
focuses on tested tools that achieve conservation: 1) implementing experiential education programs focused on reducing fear amongst local
residents after a human fatality caused by coyotes occurred in Nova Scotia, Canada, 2) achieving lion conservation and preserving cultures
by working with traditional pastoralists in East Africa and 3) applying a HD facilitated workshop approach to gaining consensus with
various interest groups on a wood bison restoration plan in Alaska, USA. Each speaker outlines the nature of the tools and how such applied
HD resolves issues and achieves conservation, thus solving challenges faced by wildlife managers. A brief introduction to the session offers
context followed by three presentations and an interactive panel discussion where further examples of each applied tool will be shared and
ideas put forward to increase our impact of applied HD work.
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Social Aspects of Hunting: Comparisons across Africa and Europe
Organizers: Wentzel Coetzer (Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University) & Ashley Gramza (Colorado State University)
Presenters: Wentzel Coetzer (Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University), Camilla Sandström (Umeå University), Khalil Kari-
mov (Panthera)
Monday, January 11th 10:30 am – 12:00pm
Session A4 Room: Chui
Sustainable, regulated hunting provides an important wildlife management tool that can have positive impacts on wildlife conservation
in many countries around the world through mitigation of human-wildlife conflict as well as ecosystem management. Regulated hunting
also generates significant amounts of funding that is often directly applied to the conservation of wildlife and their habitats. Despite this,
hunting has become a fairly controversial issue that can arouse strong opinions amongst those who care about wildlife. As a result, wildlife
agencies worldwide increasingly need information regarding the social aspects of hunting that could potentially help to minimize conflict
and create consensus for hunting-related decisions. Social conflict over hunting likely differs geographically. Although there have been a
plethora of studies examining the social dimensions of hunting in North America, much less research has been conducted in Europe and
Africa. Furthermore, hunting in Europe and Africa follows a model that is fundamentally different than the North American Model of
hunting and conservation. In fact, the North American Model with public ownership of wildlife was developed in part to challenge the
historic European model where hunting was an activity only accessible to the wealthy. Therefore, it is extremely important to examine social
aspects of hunting in Europe and Africa and to compare and contrast these models. Hunting in post-colonial Africa is a descendant of the
European model with its own complexities including bushmeat hunting, trophy hunting, and international poaching operations. In the face
of this complexity, this symposium explores the social aspects of hunting in Europe and Africa through a variety of case studies. Speakers in
this session will cover a diversity of topics dealing with perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, values orientations, and behaviors related to hunting.
It is our hope that this symposium will facilitate scholarly discussion and cross-cultural learning through exposure to trans-continental case
studies.
Symposia Details
Minimizing the Impact of Disease within the Ecosystem I: Assessing Pathogens in the Environment
and Control of Invertebrate Vectors of Disease
Organizer: James DeMartini (Colorado State University)
Round Table Panelists: James Demartini (Colorado State University), Patricia Conrad (University of California Davis), David
Ndreereh (Kenya Wildlife Service), Richard Bowen (Colorado State University), Paul Mireji (Yale University and Kenya Agri-
cultural and Livestock Inst.), Ken Olson (Colorado State University)
Monday, January 11th 2:00 pm – 4:00 pm
Session B1 Room: Kirinyaga 1
Infectious and parasitic diseases result from interaction between a host and pathogenic biological agents (virus, bacteria, protozoa) under
the influence of host factors that influence susceptibility, such as nutrition and immunity, and external factors such as the environment.
Disease transmission may be direct or indirect, in some cases requiring biological vectors such as mosquitoes, flies or ticks. The One Health
approach to disease control depends on understanding socio-ecological factors that govern the complex interrelationships between disease
agents, susceptible wildlife, livestock, and human hosts in the context of the environment. Inapparent infections occur in some species
(reservoirs) that are resistant to disease. Infection of susceptible hosts can cause mild to severe disease in individuals and minimal to severe
effects on populations. Some animal species serve as maintenance hosts for pathogens. Minimizing the impact of transmissible disease
requires knowledge of the epidemiology, behavior of the host and animals sharing their environment, invertebrate disease vectors, and
environmental parameters (vegetative, soil, air, water, and climate). It’s also important to understand the immune and pathologic responses
of animal hosts and molecular characteristics of the pathogen, host, and disease vectors. Historical attempts to minimize disease have used
animal or vector extermination, avoiding contact with wildlife, exclusion fencing, and drastic landscape changes, all with mixed success and
untoward consequences. Currently, some diseases are controlled by vaccination of livestock, humans or wildlife. Novel approaches to
minimizing disease incidence and impact are based on modifying disease vectors or domestic animal genetics. In addition, new
information on pathogen maintenance hosts and changes in wildlife management and animal husbandry will yield advances in disease
control techniques. Successful implementation of these interventions will require improved understanding of the source of pathogens in
reservoir species and effects of climate change on their prevalence, distribution and transmission.
In two panel sessions and a roundtable discussion, historical, currently used, and novel strategies for minimizing disease impact within the
ecosystem will be considered. Panelists will describe and compare their use in the field, economic costs and benefits, efficacy and
detrimental effects, mitigation of undesired consequences, and outcomes of their use on wildlife, livestock, and human heath.
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15. 15
Symposia Details
People-primate interactions: understanding ‘conflicts’ to facilitate coexistence
Organizer: Kate Hill (Oxford Brookes University)
Presenters: Kate Hill (Oxford Brookes University), Nancy Moinde (Department of Conservation Biology, Institute of Primate
Research), Joana Sousa (Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Evora), Matthew
McLennan (Anthropology Centre for Conservation, Environment and Development, Oxford Brookes University), Amanda
Webber (Bristol Zoological Society)
Monday, January 11th 2:00 pm – 4:00 pm
Session B2 Room: Kirinyaga 2
Early studies of people-primate interactions (often termed people-primate conflict) focussed largely on documenting crop types targeted by
non-human primates and estimating the economic value of lost crops, to understand the impact on local people of sharing space with these,
sometimes protected, species. These studies were initiated mainly in response to conservation concern about the long term survival of these
primate populations against a background of increasing habitat destruction, human encroachment into ‘wildlife’ areas, and the inevitable
increase in competition and thus ‘conflict’ between people and non-human primates. While it was recognised that the farmers’ viewpoint
was key to developing effective conflict mitigation strategies, these interactions were mainly characterised as being about crop loss or
property damage, and farmers concerns and anxieties over impacts on livelihoods. However, people-wildlife relationships are not just about
how people and wildlife interact, or how people exploit animals as a resource. Animals have symbolic significance, distinct from their
utilitarian value or bodily presence, and these culturally constructed meanings influence individual and group understandings, and
therefore values and agendas around wildlife. An awareness of an animal’s symbolic importance as well as how different groups use
particular species or wildlife constructions to explain an environmental problem is necessary to understanding conflicts around wildlife. In
this symposium the authors each consider how their analysis of specific people-primate interactions, from a range of different species, sites,
and perspectives can contribute to creating greater coexistence between humans and their non-human primate relatives, and perhaps to
better coexistence between humans and wildlife more generally.
Kenya’s ‘Conservation Revolution’: Lessons Learned from Community-based Conservancies in
a Regional and Global Context
Organizers: Robin Reid (Center for Collaborative Conservation, Colorado State University), Kathleen Galvin (Colorado State
University), Dickson Kaelo (Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association), Benson Leyian (Amboseli Ecosystem Trust), Munira
Anyonge Bashir (The Nature Conservancy)
Presenters: Dickson Kaelo (Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association), Benson Leyian (Amboseli Ecosystem Trust), Jeffrey
Worden (Northern Rangelands Trust), Robin Reid (Center for Collaborative Conservation, Colorado State University), Kath-
leen Galvin (Colorado State University), Munira Anyonge Bashir (The Nature Conservancy)
Monday, January 11th 2:00 pm – 4:00 pm
Session B3 Room: Colobus
Since 2010, a major and rapid devolution of conservation to the local level has occurred in Kenya. This devolution was already taking place,
but accelerated rapidly with the enactment of Kenya’s new constitution, which devolved significant power and resources to the county level
throughout the country. In that time, the number of conservancies in the country has grown from 40 to over 200. Kenyans established
twelve regional and one national organization to support individual conservancies throughout the country. This session will describe this
revolution and its challenges and successes. The speakers will then put this rapid expansion of community-based conservation in a regional
and global context.
16. 16
Symposia Details
Migratory Birds and Human Effects Beyond National Borders in the African-Eurasian Flyways Region
Organizer: Eick von Ruschkowski (NABU)
Presenters: Eick von Ruschkowski (NABU), Alex Ngari (BirdLife International), Samuel Temidayo Osinubi (BirdLife Interna-
tional), Thandiwe Chikomo (BirdLife International), Peter Njoroge (National Museums of Kenya), Kariuki Ndanganga (Bird-
Life International)
Monday, January 11th 2:00 pm – 4:00 pm
Session B4 Room: Chui
Session Objective: The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (also known as CMS or the Bonn
Convention) aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their range. It is an intergovernmental treaty
concerned with the conservation of wildlife and wildlife habitats on a global scale. Protecting migratory birds along their flyways is one of
the challenging subjects under this treaty as birds encounter various human-induced risks. Such risks can be direct (such as illegal
hunting and poaching) or indirect (e.g. habitat loss from land use changes – agriculture, water management, and energy development) in
their nature. While ecological effects are usually known, the human dimensions perspective is often less considered under these
circumstances. In addition, conservation work across borders requires the ability to work in cross-cultural environments and thinking in
transdisciplinary contexts. Against this backdrop, we would like to illustrate the challenges and successes in international bird
conservation projects along the African-Eurasian flyways. The session will consist out of two segments. The first one will allow the invited
speakers to focus on “regional”, human dimension-related problems along the African-Eurasian flyways. This is in order to demonstrate the
scope of challenges in this field as well as achievements, and will be delivered through five flashlight presentations, each about ten minutes
long. The second segment of the session will be a moderated panel discussion with the five speakers. Each speaker will get a one-minute
opening statement, and after this, the floor will be opened to questions from the audience. The discussion will be documented and is aimed
at providing a basis for a needs assessment focusing on improving integrated approaches for bird conservation along the African-Eurasian
flyways.
Minimizing the Impact of Disease within the Ecosystem II: Historical and Novel Interventions to Con-
trol Disease
Organizers: James DeMartini (Colorado State University)
Roundtable Panelists: Richard Kock Royal (Veterinary College), Felix Lankester (Serengeti Health Initiative, Washington State
University), Samuel Mwangi Thumbi (Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State Univeristy), Gladys
Kalema-Zikusoka (Conservation Through Public Health), Steven Kemp I(nternational Livestock Research Inst. and University
of Liverpool)
Tuesday, January 12th 8:30 am – 10:30 am
Session D1 Room Kirinyaga 1
Infectious and parasitic diseases result from interaction between a host and pathogenic biological agents (virus, bacteria, protozoa) under
the influence of host factors that influence susceptibility, such as nutrition and immunity, and external factors such as the environment.
Disease transmission may be direct or indirect, in some cases requiring biological vectors such as mosquitoes, flies or ticks. The One Health
approach to disease control depends on understanding socio-ecological factors that govern the complex interrelationships between disease
agents, susceptible wildlife, livestock, and human hosts in the context of the environment. Inapparent infections occur in some species
(reservoirs) that are resistant to disease. Infection of susceptible hosts can cause mild to severe disease in individuals and minimal to severe
effects on populations. Some animal species serve as maintenance hosts for pathogens. Minimizing the impact of transmissible disease
requires knowledge of the epidemiology, behavior of the host and animals sharing their environment, invertebrate disease vectors, and
environmental parameters (vegetative, soil, air, water, and climate). It’s also important to understand the immune and pathologic responses
of animal hosts and molecular characteristics of the pathogen, host, and disease vectors. Historical attempts to minimize disease have used
animal or vector extermination, avoiding contact with wildlife, exclusion fencing, and drastic landscape changes, all with mixed success and
untoward consequences. Currently, some diseases are controlled by vaccination of livestock, humans or wildlife. Novel approaches to
minimizing disease incidence and impact are based on modifying disease vectors or domestic animal genetics. In addition, new
information on pathogen maintenance hosts and changes in wildlife management and animal husbandry will yield advances in disease
control techniques. Successful implementation of these interventions will require improved understanding of the source of pathogens in
reservoir species and effects of climate change on their prevalence, distribution and transmission.
In two panel sessions and a roundtable discussion, historical, currently used, and novel strategies for minimizing disease impact within the
ecosystem will be considered. Panelists will describe and compare their use in the field, economic costs and benefits, efficacy and
detrimental effects, mitigation of undesired consequences, and outcomes of their use on wildlife, livestock, and human heath.
17. 17
Symposia Details
Understanding and reducing noncompliance with wildlife laws: From law enforcement to com-
munity-based interventions Part 1
Organizers: Christine Brown-Nunez (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service), Natalie Sexton (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service)
Moderator: Grace Ge Gabriel (IFAW)
Presenters: Vincent Opyene (Natural Resource Conservation Network), Daniel Ole Sambu (Big Life Foundation), Alexander
Killion (Michigan State University)
Tuesday, January 12th 8:30 am – 10:30 am
Session D2 Room Kirinyaga 2
There is increasing awareness of and interventions to address rising levels of poaching and trafficking in illegal wildlife products around the
globe. However, wildlife populations threatened by illegal activity continue to decline. Human behavior, specifically noncompliance with
wildlife laws, is central to this conservation concern. Motivations for poaching and trafficking are diverse and context-specific, and
understanding these variables is imperative to creating successful interventions. Developing this understanding will require
collaboration between multiple stakeholder groups, including government agencies, NGOs, researchers, and local communities. The field of
human dimensions offers conceptual and theoretical frameworks for this endeavor.
A key strategy for targeting non-compliance has been law enforcement, which has improved the effectiveness of conservation efforts in
many contexts. However, enforcement is not a panacea for addressing noncompliance. Therefore, it is important to understand both the
successes and challenges of enforcement in developing new strategies and more comprehensive approaches. One strategy that is
increasingly promoted is increased community engagement and participation, which can range from outreach efforts to community
involvement in law enforcement efforts to community-based projects aimed at improving local livelihoods. Community-based conservation
projects need to be informed by an understanding of the local context, including the drivers of non-compliant behaviors, and include an
evaluative component for measuring project impacts. Additionally, in the context of illegal behavior, the risks and benefits to local
participation in enforcement need to be considered.
This session includes a group of diverse speakers from the fields of law enforcement, law, human dimensions, and conservation to provide
applied perspectives in managing noncompliance. It will build on a recent symposium in southern Africa, “Beyond enforcement,” which
considered the inclusion of local communities in combating wildlife crime, by presenting the role of human dimensions in this critical
issue.
The Effect of Antropogenic Activities an Water and Organisms Therein I: Water quality, fishes,
invertebrates
Organizers: Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage (University of Johannesburg) & Franz Jirsa (University of Vienna)
Presenters: Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage (University of Johannesburg), Franz Jirsa (University of Vienna), Christof Plessl
(University of Vienna), Richard Greenfield (University of Johannesburg), Cobus van Dyk (University of Johannesburg), John
Maina (University of Johannesburg)
Tuesday, January 12th 8:30 am – 10:30 am
Session D4 Room Chui
Aquatic organisms are exposed to a variety of anthropogenically generated toxicants such as metals, DDT and organic substances such as
soap sods released into fresh water systems, of which, those receiving high volumes of industrial, urban and sewage effluents are especially
at risk. Structural and functional alterations occur in organisms with higher frequencies when exposed to sub lethal levels for an extended
time. Organisms are affected on the population, organismic, organ or cellular level and these adaptations are the topic of study in many
parts of the world. Absorption of substances into the tissue of aquatic biota (via food or the gills) results in enhanced exposition in the next
trophic level, including higher exposition to humans feeding on these biota. It is proposed to discuss findings in various water bodies and
in a variety of biota recording these trends and report on changes to the structural composition of organs and the possible effect on those
consuming the fishes.composition of organs, the parasite loads and the possible effect on those consuming the fishes.
18. 18
Symposia Details
The Changing Face of Kenya’s Next Generation of Conservation Leaders
Organizers: Brett Bruyere (Colorado State University) & Amy Masching (Denver Zoological Society)
Panelists: Brett Bruyere (Colorado State University), Wilma Redenta (Buruburu Girls Secondary School), Christine Namunyak
(Samburu Youth Education Fund), Isaya Lemerketo (Likii Hills High School), Boniface Isigi (Samburu Youth Education Fund)
Tuesday, January 12th 11:00 am – 12:40 pm
Session E1 Room Kirinyaga 1
Kenya is undergoing sweeping social and cultural changes in many ways. In the pastoral regions to the north, boys who would have
traditionally lived and practiced as pastoralists, spending weeks and sometimes months at a time in the landscape with livestock, are
increasingly encouraged to attend school instead. In addition, improvements for the rights of girls have yielded new opportunities and
attainable dreams to young girls which were considered far-fetched as little as one generation ago.
Changes to the lives of adolescents in Kenya will likely have implications for conservation. On one hand, more individuals with formal
education could result in a greater value placed on conservation of Kenya’s wildlife and habitats. On the other hand, young men who will
not have the years of direct experience in nature as pastoralists like their fathers and grandfathers, and women with less direct experience in
the landscape retrieving water and fire wood, may feel differently and/or know less about local landscapes than their predecessors.
This panel will consist of a moderated discussion facilitated by Dr. Brett Bruyere. It will begin with a short introduction of the geographic
and cultural context of the Samburu region in northern Kenya, followed by introductions of the panelists, responses to pre-determined
questions by the panelists, and then an open question/answer session to include attendees.
The session will include adolescents that represent the pastoralist and women groups that are undergoing considerable cultural change.
They will share their first-hand perspective about these changes in Kenya and the possible implications for conservation, though the lens of
their own experiences. They will be joined by two community leaders who have worked closely with these groups for a dynamic discussion
about how Samburu’s future leaders may feel l about conservation and Kenya’s wildlife resources. Note: there are no individual abstracts for
presenters in this session.
THE EFFECT OF ANTROPOGENIC ACTIVITES ON WATER AND ORGANISMS THEREIN II: Fish
parasites
Organizers: Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage (University of Johannesburg) & Franz Jirsa (University of Vienna)
Presenters: Beric Gilbert (University of Johannesburg), Elick Otachi (Egerton University), Kenya, Bernd Sures (University of
Duisburg-Essen; University of Johannesburg)
Tuesday, January 12th 11:00 am – 12:40 pm
Session E4 Room Chui
Fish parasites are exposed to the same anthropogenically generated toxicants than their fish hosts. These substances, such as metals, DDT
and organic substances such as soap sods, are responsible for changes in the population structure of parasites and their intermediate and
final hosts. Presentations in this session report on the effect of toxicants on the parasites as well as the effect parasites have on absorption,
their storage of toxicants and the storage of toxicants in fishes harbouring parasites. The altered concentrations affect the amount of
toxicants available for absorption in fish.
19. 19
Symposia Details
Holistic approaches to livestock–wildlife-environment management
Organizers: Jesse Njoka (Centre for Sustainable Dryland Ecosystems and Societies), Judith Mbau (University of Nairobi),
Stephen Mureithi (University of Nairobi), Mordecai Ogada (African Conservation Centre & Conservation Solutions Africa)
Presenters: Mordecai Ogada (African Conservation Centre & Conservation Solutions Africa), Stephen Mureithi (University of
Nairobi), Judith Mbau (University of Nairobi), J Lindahl (International Livestock Research Institute)
Tuesday, January 12th 2:00 pm – 4:00 pm
Session F1 Room Kirinyaga 1
Livestock, wildlife and environment management is a challenging scenario in the integration of development and environmental
conservation. The conflicts over natural resources are increasing with wildlife losing their habitat to competing claims for land. Land
degradation is also increasing at an alarming rate in Sub-Sahara Africa. Due to the continued increase in the human population, previously
sparsely populated biodiversity rich areas continue to lose resources at an unsustainable rate. As human settlements increase and continue
to expand with changing land tenure systems, the livestock wildlife interface is becoming restricted in scope but more complex and
problematic. Conflicts result from competition of existing resources especially water and pastures, with implications to disease
transmission and predation. Holistic approaches play a central and crucial role in the support of sustainable management and conservation
of the livestock-wildlife environments. Specifically, sustainable co-existence between livelihoods and wildlife is of critical importance to
conservation of the biodiversity. This organized session highlights approaches to one health as an integrative effort of multiple disciplines
working at various scales to attain optimal health for people, animals and the environment.
Understanding and reducing noncompliance with wildlife laws: From law enforcement to com-
munity-based interventions Part 2
Organizers: Christine Brown-Nunez (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service), Natalie Sexton (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service)
Moderator: Grace Ge Gabriel (IFAW)
Presenters: Stephanie Dolrenry (Lion Guardians), Grace Ge Gabriel (IFAW), Nehemiah Rotich (Africa Network for Animal
Welfare), David Gies (Africa Network for Animal Welfare – USA)
Tuesday, January 12th 2:00 pm – 4:00 pm
Session F2 Room Kirinyaga 2
There is increasing awareness of and interventions to address rising levels of poaching and trafficking in illegal wildlife products around the
globe. However, wildlife populations threatened by illegal activity continue to decline. Human behavior, specifically noncompliance with
wildlife laws, is central to this conservation concern. Motivations for poaching and trafficking are diverse and context-specific, and
understanding these variables is imperative to creating successful interventions. Developing this understanding will require
collaboration between multiple stakeholder groups, including government agencies, NGOs, researchers, and local communities. The field of
human dimensions offers conceptual and theoretical frameworks for this endeavor.
A key strategy for targeting non-compliance has been law enforcement, which has improved the effectiveness of conservation efforts in
many contexts. However, enforcement is not a panacea for addressing noncompliance. Therefore, it is important to understand both the
successes and challenges of enforcement in developing new strategies and more comprehensive approaches. One strategy that is
increasingly promoted is increased community engagement and participation, which can range from outreach efforts to community
involvement in law enforcement efforts to community-based projects aimed at improving local livelihoods. Community-based conservation
projects need to be informed by an understanding of the local context, including the drivers of non-compliant behaviors, and include an
evaluative component for measuring project impacts. Additionally, in the context of illegal behavior, the risks and benefits to local
participation in enforcement need to be considered.
This session includes a group of diverse speakers from the fields of law enforcement, law, human dimensions, and conservation to provide
applied perspectives in managing noncompliance. It will build on a recent symposium in southern Africa, “Beyond enforcement,” which
considered the inclusion of local communities in combating wildlife crime, by presenting the role of human dimensions in this critical
issue.
20. 20
Symposia Details
Mitigating Human Wildlife Conflict in East Africa
Organizer: Scott McCormick (USAID)
Presenters: Jeremy Swanson (Honeyguide Foundation), Laly Lichtenfeld (Tanzania People & Wildlife Fund), Jeremy Goss (Big
Life Foundation), Marc Goss Escape (Foundation Mara Elephant Project), Tirus Wanyoike (Strathmore University iLab), Evans
Mwangi (USAID)
Tuesday, January 12th 2:00 pm – 4:00 pm
Session F4 Room Chui
Across the Tanzania-Kenya borderlands, rural pastoralists share the arid lands they use for livestock grazing and arable agriculture with
highly threatened wildlife species, such as elephants and African lions. The competition between people and wildlife for shared resources is
further compounded by an ever-increasing human population and spread of cultivation. At the same time, many lands outside of protected
areas continue to function as important wildlife habitat and migratory corridors for large mammals.
This continued expansion and encroachment has led to a struggle between wildlife conservation, agricultural development and food
security. Human Wildlife Conflict (HWC), due to crop destruction by elephants and livestock predation by lions, has a significant negative
impact on individual financial stability and fuels negative views of conservation. Not only does HWC adversely affect rural development,
but also exerts increased pressures on already threatened wildlife populations. For example, in the Amboseli-Kilimanjaro ecosystem, the
number of elephant deaths as a result of HWC is now as significant, if not more so, than losses through poaching.
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) East Africa, through the Planning for Resilience in East Africa through
Policy Adaption, Research and Economic Development (PREPARED), is working with conservation organizations in Tanzania and Kenya
to develop community-based best practices for HWC programs. The goal is to enhance responsiveness to HWC and deter wild animals
from raiding farmers’ crops and from preying upon pastoralists’ livestock, thereby removing the major factors for community hostility
toward vulnerable wildlife.
Several deterrent methods are being piloted including a Human Elephant Conflict (HEC) Toolkit comprised of a mobile application
technology and simple tools (bullhorn, light, chili balls) that escalate in deterrence intensity; geo-fences, elephant collaring, and use of
UAV’s to track elephants movements and rapidly respond to incidences; Living Walls to protect livestock from predators; and chili fences to
deter elephants from destroying farmers’ crops. The realities, challenges and successes of implementing innovative HWC/HEC methods will
be presented during this session.
Carnivore Conservation Worldwide: A Holistic Review of Conflicts versus Benefits
Organizers: Tom Serfass (Frostburg State University) & Zoe Hanley (Washington State University)
Presenters: Yves Hausser (University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland), Adam Ferguson (Karatina University), Zoe
Hanley (Washington State University), Tom Serfass (Frostburg State University), Emmanuel Do Linh San (University of Forte
Hare), Mordecai Ogada (African Conservation Centre & Conservation Solutions Africa)
Wednesday, January 13th 8:30 am – 10:30 am
Session H1 Room Kirinyaga 1
Carnivores are an important component of naturally functioning ecosystems. However, large home range requirements and other life
history traits, especially predatory habits, enhance the likelihood of them coming into conflict with humans (hereafter, human-wildlife
conflict [HWC]). HWCs involving carnivores are varied, including direct threats to human safety (e.g., attacks on humans by large
carnivores), depredation of livestock, or concerns that predation will deplete prey species important to recreational hunting and fishing, or
subsistence. Historically, HWC involving carnivores has contributed to extensive persecution, sometimes resulting in large-scale
extirpations of some species. For example, Europeans have been engaged in efforts to eradicate certain carnivores for centuries,
successfully eliminating gray wolves (Canis lupus spp.) and brown (grizzly) bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) from most of the continent by the
early 1800s, and similar examples of carnivore extirpations can be demonstrated worldwide. The gradual development of more informed
attitudes towards predators (i.e., enhanced understanding of the importance of predation in ecosystem function) during the progression of
the 20th century has contributed to increased tolerance and appreciation of carnivores, particularly in developed countries. In concurrence
with increased tolerance, conservation strategies often have been developed and implemented to facilitate maintenance of extant carnivore
populations or recovery of depleted or extirpated populations. A consequence of these conservation strategies often has contributed to an
increased likelihood for interactions between carnivores and humans.
Factors influencing the degree of human intolerance or acceptance to interactions with carnivores are complex, including species-specific
concerns or interests, socioeconomic status, cultural factors, and proximity to the carnivore population. Human dimensions assessments of
carnivores often have focused on HWC, typically involving larger species. Also, although HWC involving carnivores are an important
conservation concern, the economic, ecological, and cultural values of these species likewise deserve appropriate attention and scrutiny.
Our proposed session will add detail and breadth to the discussion of human-carnivore interactions by: 1) including examples of large and
small carnivores; 2) examining HWC as well as positive attributes of each species; 3) offering global, African-specific, and region/
species-specific perspectives of human dimensions challenges associated with conserving carnivores.
21. 21
Symposia Details
Human-Wildlife Conflicts in water dependent ecosystems of Arid and Semi-Arid Areas
Organizers: Dorothy Wanja Nyingi (National Museums of Kenya), & Nathan Gichuki (University of Nairobi)
Presenters: Sheila Funnell (National Museums of Kenya), Chege Njoroge (Chinese Academy of Sciences / Kenya Wetlands
Biodiversity Research Group), Gilbert Kosgei (University of Nairobi), Dorothy Wanja Nyingi (National Museums of Kenya),
Joseph Gathua (National Museums of Kenya), Nathan Gichuki (University of Nairobi), Laura Mukhwana (International Devel-
opment Research Centre), Ray Schmidt (Mpala Research Centre and Tulane University)
Wednesday, January 13th 11:00 am – 12:50 pm
Session I3 Room Kirinyaga 2
With increasing human population, changes of lifestyle, and more agricultural investment – the demand for water has gone up. In
addition, climate change affects amount of rain, which support river flow and ground water. The resulting change in rainfall patterns is the
main cause of increased severity of droughts and of unpredictable devastating flooding events. In Arid areas drought has fueled
human-wildlife conflicts as water quantity and quality is unable to sustain the diverse water uses. This has exacerbated the ongoing
competition between water allocation for human survival and that for the environment to sustain ecosystem services including fish and
wildlife.
Human development in these areas is concentrated around freshwater resources including rivers and wetlands and has driven many wildlife
species to the brink of extinction. In order to ensure that water resources are used and managed sustainably for socio-economic growth in
water-dependent environments, there is a need to understand the diverse needs of the various users including that of the ecosystem.
This session will examine the effects of human development on the survival of fish and wildlife in arid areas, related to various kinds of
water-related or water intensive development projects. Participants will explore diverse pressures and conflicts among farmers, pastoralists,
urban developers among others and the continued marginalization of biodiversity. Participants will discuss impacts and challenges, and
focus on initiatives to conservations ecosystems, including through local community engagement in water and environmental governance
for example through water users associations.
22. 22
Sunday January 10, 2016
3:00pm-5:00pm Check-in and Registration (Pre-Function Area)
Kirinyaga
Keynote - Opening Session
5:00pm-6:30pm
Overview, Welcome Remarks and Introducing Kahindi Lekaikaile
Michael Manfredo - Professor & Department Head, Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Department,
Colorado State University
Influential human dimensions on the historical development of wildlife conservation in Laikipia-Samburu
region
Kahindi Lekaihaile - Wildlife Advisor, Africa Network for Animal Welfare
Welcome Remarks
Jim Cooney - Vice Provost for International Affairs, Colorado State University
Peter M.F. Mbithi - Vice Chancellor, University of Nairobi
Welcome Remarks and Introducing Munir Virani
John Hayes - Dean, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University
Game of poisons: from Asian vulture crisis to African vulture catastrophe
Munir Virani - Africa Program Director, The Peregrine Fund
7:00pm-9:00pm Dinner (Tusks Restaurant and Terrace)
Monday January 11, 2016
6:30am - 8:00am Breakfast (Tusks Restaurant and Terrace)
Keynote Speakers
8:00am-10:00am
Kirinyaga
Welcome Remarks and Introducing Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka
Robin Reid - Director, Center for Collaborative Conservation; Professor, Department of Ecosystem Science
& Sustainability, Colorado State University
Integrating one health and conservation to promote sustainable development
Gladys Kalema - Zikusoka - Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Conservation Through Public Health
Welcome Remarks and Introducing Tom Lalampa
Brett Bruyere - Associate Professor, Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Department, Colorado State
University
Achieving conservation through community resilience and rangelands management
Tom Lalampaa - Chief Operations Officer, Northern Rangelands Trust
10:00am - 10:30am Coffee Break (Pre-Function Area)
Session A
10:30am-12:00pm
A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4
Kirinyaga 1 Kirinyaga 2 Colobus Chui
Integrating social
science into One Health
to inform research,
policy, and outreach
HWC: Place Matters
Beyond insights for
managers & toward
resolving conflicts &
creating conservation
Social Aspects of hunting:
Comparisons across Africa &
Europe
12:00pm-2:00pm Lunch (Tusks Restaurant and Terrace)
Session B
2:00pm-4:00pm
B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4
Kirinyaga 1 Kirinyaga 2 Colobus Chui
Minimizing the Impact
of Disease within the
Ecosystem I
People-primate interac-
tions: understanding
‘conflicts’ to facilitate
coexistence
Kenya’s ‘Conservation
Revolution’: Lessons
Learned form
Community-Based
Conservanvies
Migratory Birds & Human
Effects Beyond National
Borders in the African Eurasian
Flyways Region
4:00pm - 4:30pm Coffee Break (Pre-Function Area)
Schedule Overview Schedu
7:00am - 8:3
Session D
8:30am-10:3
10:3
Session E
11:00am-12
12:00pm-2:0
Session F
2:00pm-4:00
4:0
Session G
4:30pm-6:00
7:00pm-9:00
Session C
4:30pm-5:5
5:30pm-7:3
7:30pm-9:0
23. 23
epartment,
mburu
m Science
Health
rado State
hunting:
ss Africa &
& Human
National
an Eurasian
gion
Schedule Overview
Tuesday January 12, 2016
7:00am - 8:30am Breakfast (Tusks Restaurant and Terrace)
Session D
8:30am-10:30am
D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4
Kirinyaga 1 Kirinyaga 2 Colobus Chui
Minimizing the Impact
of Disease within the
Ecosystem II
Understanding
& Reducing
noncompliance with
wildlife laws: Part I
Community Based
Conservation
The Effect of Antropogenic
Activities on Water and
Organisms therein !: Water
quality, fishes, invertebrates
10:30am - 11:00am Coffee Break (Pre-Function Area)
Session E
11:00am-12:30pm
E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4
Kirinyaga 1 Kirinyaga 2 Colobus Chui
The Changing Face of
Kenya’s Next Generation
of Conservation Leaders
Conservation,
Development & Human
Well-being Part II
HWC: Plans & Tools
The Effect of Antropogenic
Activities on Water &
Organisms Therein II: Fish
parasites
12:00pm-2:00pm Lunch (Tusks Restaurant and Terrace)
Session F
2:00pm-4:00pm
F-1 F-2 F-3 F-4
Kirinyaga 1 Kirinyaga 2 Colobus Chui
Holistic approaches to
livestock - wildlife-envi-
ronment management
Understanding
and reducing
noncompliance with
wildlife laws: Part II
Community Perceptions
of Re-Introduction
Mitigating Human Wildlife
Conflict in East Africa
4:00pm - 4:30pm Coffee Break (Pre-Function Area)
Session G
4:30pm-6:00pm
G-1 G-2 G-3 G-4
Kirinyaga 1 Kirinyaga 2 Colobus Chui
Environmental Educa-
tion, Interpretation &
Outreach
HWC: Livestock &
Livelihoods
Wildlife Governance in
Africa
Endangered Species
Management
7:00pm-9:00pm Dinner (Tusks Restaurant and Terrace)
Session C
4:30pm-5:50pm
C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4
Kirinyaga 1 Kirinyaga 2 Colobus Chui
Benefits Based
Approach to
Conservation
HWC: Big Cats
Citizen Science &
Engagement
Conservation, Development &
Human
Well-being Part I
5:30pm-7:30pm Pathways Social Event (Rose Garden)
7:30pm-9:00pm Dinner (Tusks Restaurant and Terrace)
24. 24
Schedule Overview
Wednesday, January 13, 2014
7:00am - 8:30am Breakfast (Tusks Restaurant and Terrace)
Session H
8:30am-10:30am
H-1 H-2 H-3 H-4
Kirinyaga 1 Kirinyaga 2 Colobus Chui
Carnivore Conservation
Worldwide: A Holistic
Review of Conflicts
versus Benefits
Human Elephant
Conflict
Hunter & Angler
Management
Understanding Social
Dynamics to Address
Conflict
10:30am - 11:00am Coffee Break (Pre-Function Area)
Session I
11:00am-12:30pm
I-1 I-2 I-3
Kirinyaga 1 Colobus Kirinyaga 2
Facilitation Training
Session
Recreational Hunting &
Fishing: Motivations &
Recruitment
Human-Wildlife
Conflicts in water
dependent ecosystems
of Arid & Semi-Arid
Areas
12:00pm-2:00pm Lunch (Tusks Restaurant and Terrace)
Closing Plenary Speaker
2:00pm-3:30pm
Kirinyaga
Closing Remarks and Introducing Ruth Wanjiku Kaimbo
Mordecai Ogada - Director, Conservation Solutions Afrika
Tensions between community livelihoods and conservation/tourism dialogue
Ruth Wanjiku Kaimbo - JICA Project
3:30pm - 4:00pm Coffee Break (Pre-Function Area)
7:00pm-9:00pm Dinner (Tusks Restaurant and Terrace)
More Information
Date: Monday, January 11
Time: 5:30pm-7:30pm
Location: Rose Garden
Join fellow Pathways attendees for an evening social. An evening social event is scheduled for Monday, January 11th
5:30pm - 7:30pm. Tickets are $25 UDS and will be available at the check-in and registration desk in the Pre-function
Area. Drinks and snacks will be provided, as well as live entertainment from traditional Kikuyu dancers.
34. 34
First Last Session ID Affiliation
Michael ‘T Sas-rolfes H2 Independent Consultant
Øystein Aas I2 Norwegian University for Life Sciences
Walt Abell H3 Lincoln University
Rajan Amin F3 Zoological Society of London
Oddgeir Andersen I2 Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
Munira Anyonge
Bashir
B3 The Nature Conservancy
Robert Arlinghaus H3 Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland
Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
Jeremiah Asaka C4 University of Massachusetts Boston
Annemariè Avenant-
Oldewage
D4, E4 University of Johannesburg
Caitlin Balt D4 University of Johannesburg
Robert Barrington H2 Transparency International
Alistair Bath A2, A3, C3, C2,
F3, I1
Memorial University
Claire Bedelian D3 University College London
Tyler Beeton B3 Colorado State University
Harold Bergman D4 University of Wyoming
Anushree Bhattacharjee H4 Pondicherry University
Adalto Bianchini D4 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
Lucas Bianchini D4 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
Duan Biggs H2 University of Queensland
Bonnie Bishop C1 Memorial University
Jukka Bisi C1 Metsähallitus, Parks & Wildlife Finland
Richard Bowen B1 Colorado State University
Annette Breckwoldt H3 Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology
Christine Browne-Nunez D2, F2 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Brett Bruyere E1, E2, H2 Colorado State University
Sophie Calmé H4 Université de Sherbrooke
Jim Cantrill A2 Northern Michigan University
Joanna Cent F3 Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
Mikael Cetjin G2 Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies
Claudine Chevalier D4 Mc Master University
Thandiwe Chikomo B4 BirdLife International
Geoffroy Citegetse B4 BirdLife International
Wentzel Coetzer A4 Conservation Outcomes and Nelson Mandela
Metropolitan University
Elizabeth Condon G4 International Crane Foundation
Patricia Conrad B1 University of California Davis
Janna Coulter E2 Colorado State University
Simoné Dahms D4 University of Johannesburg
Author & Presenter List
35. 35
First Last Session ID Affiliation
Harriet Davies-Mostert C2 Endangered Wildlife Trust
Shawn Davis G2 Northern Michigan University
Daniel J. Decker E3 Cornell University
James DeMartini B1 Colorado State University
Sander Den Haring G1, H4 GreenWater
Alia Dietsch A2 Ohio State University
Stephen S. Ditchkoff I2 Auburn University
Emmanuel Do Linh San H1 University of Forte Hare
Stephanie Dolrenry F2 Lion Guardians
Ethan Doney A2, F3 Memorial University of Newfoundland
Bethany Downer A2, F3 Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sabrina Dressel A2 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Esther Duke A1 Colorado State University
Jaco Du Plessis D4 University of Johannesburg
Samantha du Toit D3 SORALO
Stephanie Duvail I3 French Institute of Research for Development
Ippei Ebihara H3 Tohoku University of Arts and Design
Edward Ellis H2 Colorado State University
Monica Engel C2 University of Sao Paulo / Memorial University
Göran Ericsson A2 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Jessica Espenshade E2 University of Vermont
Lauren Evans F4 University of Cambridge
Joe Fargione G2 The Nature Conservancy
Brian Fauver C3 Denver Zoo
Christine Fellner-Frank E4 University of Vienna
Adam Ferguson G2, H1 Karatina University
Anke Fischer A2 James Hutton Institute
Claude Fischer H1 University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland
Lee-ann Foster D4 University of Johannesburg
Flavia Franchini-
Silveira
A2, F3 Memorial University of Newfoundland
Marie Fujitani H3 Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland
Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
Sheila Funnell I3 National Museums of Kenya
Kathleen Galvin A1, B3 Colorado State University
Joseph Gathua I3 National Museums of Kenya
Mary Gauvain A1 University of California - Riverside
Grace Ge Gabriel F2 IFAW
Gwili Gibbon H2 Mount Kenya Trust
Nathan Gichuki I3 University of Nairobi
David Gies F2 Africa Network for Animal Welfare-USA
Beric Gilbert D4, E4 University of Johannesburg
Author & Presenter List
36. 36
First Last Session ID Affiliation
John Githaiga I3 University of Nairobi
John Gitiri C1 National Museums of Kenya
Jacob Goheen F3 University of Wyoming
Marc Goss F4 Escape Foundation Mara Elephant Project
Jeremy Goss F4 Big Life Foundation
Richard Greenfield D4 University of Johannesburg
Malgorzata Grodzinska-
Jurczak
F3 Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
Jan Geu Grootenhuis B1 Wildlife Veterinarian
Klaus Hacklaender A4 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,
Vienna
Olivier Hamerlynck I3 National Museums of Kenya
Zoe Hanley H1 Washington State University
Katarina Hansson D3 Umeå University
Mike Harrison B3 Northern Rangelands Trust
Yves Hausser H1 University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland
Michael Heneghan F3 Auburn University
James Herbert
Williams
A1 University of Denver
Kate Hill B2 Oxford Brookes University
Kimberley Hockings B2 Anthrop
Jing Hu E2 Central China Normal University
Daniel Huehn H3 Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland
Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
Ebrahim Hussain D4 University of Johannesburg
Abdullahi Hussein Ali F3 University of Wyoming
Pirjo Ilvesviita C1 Metsähallitus, Parks & Wildlife Finland
Kashimana Ivo G3 University of Lagos
Ingela Jansson G3 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Tuqa Jirmo I3 Kenya Wildlife Service
Franz Jirsa D4, E4 University of Vienna; University of Johannesburg
Maria Johansson A2 Lund University
Dickson Kaelo B3 Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association
Gladys Kalema-
Zikusoka
Plenary, D1 Conservation Through Public Health
Bjørn Kaltenborn A2 Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
Khalil Karimov A4 Panthera
Kennedy Kariuki B4 University of Oxford
Geraldine Kavembe D4 South Eastern University College
Steven Kemp D1 International Livestock Research Inst. & University of
Liverpool
Bernhard Keppler D4 University of Vienna
Author & Presenter List
